ŠĻą”±į>ž’ ž ž’’’‘’“”•–—˜™š›œ’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’ģ„Į ųæŗĮ bjbjąą5F ‚j‚jĆŽ’’’’’’lžžžžžžžn_n_n_8¦_܂`4!’čĀaØjf"ŒfŒfŒfŒfˆ t,@x˜šššššš$ ” )–^¾žXzŒfŒfXzXz¾t{žžŒfŒfŪ‘t{t{t{XzōžŒfžŒf˜t{Xz˜t{ōt{hƒŽąhžžh Œf¶a Š– ĖĪÅ\Xn_L{Ht$ń‘0!’X‡–L{(‡–tt{žžžžŁ ". 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=   TOC \o "2-2"  !  PAGEREF _Toc94975407 \h 2      PAGEREF _Toc94975408 \h 3 !" %   PAGEREF _Toc94975409 \h 4  ! ", !" ( !#, '+% #%  !% !/%  PAGEREF _Toc94975410 \h 6 #   !" + #",  PAGEREF _Toc94975411 \h 9 .,  #  #  PAGEREF _Toc94975412 \h 10 /  PAGEREF _Toc94975413 \h 15 !   PAGEREF _Toc94975414 \h 18  !",  ")!  PAGEREF _Toc94975415 \h 23 #   !" + #",  PAGEREF _Toc94975416 \h 25 " . ! , !#(/    PAGEREF _Toc94975417 \h 26 "  PAGEREF _Toc94975418 \h 31 !"  PAGEREF _Toc94975419 \h 37  !/"  ')  PAGEREF _Toc94975420 \h 38 !/) !  PAGEREF _Toc94975421 \h 39 ",  PAGEREF _Toc94975422 \h 41 /     PAGEREF _Toc94975423 \h 42  +!   PAGEREF _Toc94975424 \h 44  "  PAGEREF _Toc94975425 \h 44      PAGEREF _Toc94975426 \h 46  !!"  PAGEREF _Toc94975427 \h 47 !" !"  PAGEREF _Toc94975428 \h 48 !#  PAGEREF _Toc94975429 \h 50 !.  PAGEREF _Toc94975430 \h 51    ",!",  PAGEREF _Toc94975431 \h 52  !  .  !"/",!"  PAGEREF _Toc94975432 \h 53 '!"" (#)  PAGEREF _Toc94975433 \h 54 !%  PAGEREF _Toc94975434 \h 55 !  PAGEREF _Toc94975435 \h 56 !+  PAGEREF _Toc94975436 \h 57 !",  PAGEREF _Toc94975437 \h 58 ', (#+)  PAGEREF _Toc94975438 \h 58  % +!+  PAGEREF _Toc94975439 \h 59 ( '#!"  PAGEREF _Toc94975440 \h 60 !#"  PAGEREF _Toc94975441 \h 60  #,/  PAGEREF _Toc94975442 \h 60 !"  &#   PAGEREF _Toc94975443 \h 61 !+  PAGEREF _Toc94975444 \h 62 !#(  PAGEREF _Toc94975445 \h 64 !"+ %  PAGEREF _Toc94975446 \h 65 "(,'!"  PAGEREF _Toc94975447 \h 66 '!"  PAGEREF _Toc94975448 \h 68 ! !  !  PAGEREF _Toc94975449 \h 68 #"     PAGEREF _Toc94975450 \h 68  !!   #  PAGEREF _Toc94975451 \h 69     PAGEREF _Toc94975452 \h 69 !!#  PAGEREF _Toc94975453 \h 70 '  !  PAGEREF _Toc94975454 \h 71   "+  PAGEREF _Toc94975455 \h 73  !",  PAGEREF _Toc94975456 \h 73 . #   %  PAGEREF _Toc94975457 \h 74 # !", #%/  #  PAGEREF _Toc94975458 \h 76   #  PAGEREF _Toc94975459 \h 77   !/"+  PAGEREF _Toc94975460 \h 78 '!"  PAGEREF _Toc94975461 \h 78  !",, !",, !/"!",, '!""  PAGEREF _Toc94975462 \h 80 , /",/  ! &",/  PAGEREF _Toc94975463 \h 81 ! (!" #%   PAGEREF _Toc94975464 \h 82   ( !)   PAGEREF _Toc94975465 \h 88 !"/ #% !/"  PAGEREF _Toc94975466 \h 88 ! /  PAGEREF _Toc94975467 \h 90 #"( !"  PAGEREF _Toc94975468 \h 91 !!" (!!"/ ! &/)  PAGEREF _Toc94975469 \h 92 !/)!"  PAGEREF _Toc94975470 \h 93 !"  "/ "!% !" &  PAGEREF _Toc94975471 \h 96  0AB>OI89 B@C4  871@0==>5 87 ?OB8 B><>2 >1@>B>;N18O  A>AB02;5==0AB>OB5;5< 070=A:>->3>@>48F:>3> <C6A:>3> <>=0ABK@O 2 3. %0@18=5 0@E8<0=4@8B>< .25=0;85<.  ! > B5, :>B>@K5 %@8AB>2K, @0A?O;8 ?;>BL A> AB@0ABO<8 8 ?>E>BO<8. 0;.5,24 >1@>B>;N185  =5 :=830 4;O @072;5G5=8O A:CG0NI53> C<0, =5 @O4 «?A8E>;>38G5A:8E MBN4>2», =5 A>1@0=85 8=B5@5A=KE 0D>@87<>2. AB8=K >1@>B>;N18O =0G5@B0=K ?8AL<5=0<8 A2OBKE >BF>2, 8<52H8E C< 1>3>?@>A25I5==K9 8 A5@4F5 AB>;L G8AB>5, GB> <=>385 87 =8E 5I5 ?@8 687=8, =0 75<;5, 7@5;8 >30. 82=K5 C<K 8 >3=5==K5 A5@4F0 =0G5@B0;8 >1@>B>;N185. 5@AB=K9, AC5B=K9 G5;>25: B>;L:> B>340 ?@8>1@5B5B MBC 65<GC68=C 4CE0, 2>945B 2 G5@B>3 F0@AB25==>3> ?8@0, :>340 A<8@5==>, A>7=02 =5<>IL C<0 A2>53>, ?OB=0 8 @0=K =0 A5@4F5 A2>5<, A <>;8B2>N : CEC !2OB><C @0A:@>5B AB@0=8FK >1@>B>;N18O. ">340 B>;L:>, ?@8 A>459AB288 >3=5==>3> 8 >G8I0NI53> CE0 >68O, =0945B ?5@AB=K9 G5;>25: 745AL, =0 75<;5: <8@ C<0, 1;03>G8=85 GC2AB2, 2ABC?8B =0 ?CBL @04>AB=>3> 8 15A:>=5G=>3> 4>1@0; >4=8< A;>2><, ?@8>1I8BAO : 687=8 25;8:8E >BF>2 8 2@0G59 G5;>25G5A:8E 4CH, @04>ABL 8 A25B;>ABL 687=8 :>B>@KE 15AA8;L=> 2K@078BL =5<>I=>5 A;>2> G5;>25G5A:>5. ABL 420 ?@8OB8O 687=8. 4=>  8 MB> C 1>;LH8=AB20  1@0BL >B B5:CI53> 4=O 2A5, GB> B>;L:> <>6=> 27OBL 4;O B5;0 ?@8OB=>3>, CA;0640NI53>. C;LB B5;0, ?>1;06:0 ?5@AB8, 2K@065==0O 2 872@0I5==>9 D8;>A>D88 -?8:C@0: «C45< 5ABL 8 ?8BL, B0: :0: 702B@0 C<@5<».  -B> ?@8OB85 687=8 A> 4=O 3@5E>?045=8O 40<0. ! ?045=85< 40<0 CB@0B8;> G5;>25G5AB2> 1>3>?@>A25I5==K9 C<, «C<=K9» C<, 8 2A5 G0I5 8 G0I5 ?@8=8<05B ;>6L 70 8AB8=C; CB@0B8;> 2>A?@8OB85 8AB8==>9 :@0A>BK, 81> 872@0B8;> A2>8 GC2AB20 8 ?@8=8<05B 157>1@0785 70 :@0A>BC; 8 2>;O CAB@5<;5=0 G0AB> : 7;C, ?@8=8<0O 7;> 70 4>1@> 8;8 B2>@O 7;> ?>4 ;8G8=>N 4>1@0. > =5 CB@0G5=0 2> 2A5< G5;>25G5AB25 8 >:>=G0B5;L=> B>A:0 ?> <8@0< 8=K<, 2>A?><8=0=85 >1 -45<5, > 1>3>>1I5=88; 8 AC5B=K9, ?5@AB=K9 G5;>25: 60645B ?>7=0=8O ?>;=>9 8AB8=K, 8I5B =0AB>OI59 :@0A>BK, 60645B ?>A;C68BL ?>4;8==><C 4>1@C.  <8=CBC ?@>A25B;5=8O OA=> ?@54AB02;O5BAO ?5@AB=0O 687=L :0: A<5=0 >1<0=G82KE A=>2. «AO A>=89 ?@5;5AB=59H0»  AB0=>28BAO B0:0O 687=L 2 BO65ABL; @0AB5B B>A:0 ?> CB@0G5==><C «>1@07C =587@5G5==>9 A;02K» (?@02>A;02=0O ?0=8E840). E>4O 2 <8@ >1@>B>;N18O, B5@O5BAO >AC5B82H89AO G5;>25:. 0: C 2K@202H53>AO 87 4CH=>9, 7;>2>==>9 :><=0BK =0 G8ABK9 2>74CE, :@C68BAO C =53> 3>;>20, 70<8@05B A5@4F5. > >?KB=K5 2@0G8 4CH  02B>@K >1@>B>;N18O  >1>4@OB 53> A2>8< ?@8<5@><; ?>254CB 53> =0 25@H8=K 4CE>2=K5 ?> ?5@568B><C 8<8, 25@=><C, 1>3>=0G5@B0==><C ?CB8. 5;8:89 2@0G 4CE>2=K9, >0== 5AB28G=8:, 2 B2>@5=88 A2>5<, =0720==>< «5AB28F59», H03 70 H03>< 1C45B @C:>2>48BL 4CHC, 8ICICN >30 8 A?0A5=8O 2 >35.  >:>;> MB>9 A?0A8B5;L=>9 ;5AB=8FK A:>;L:> 1C45B 482=KE >E@0=8B5;59, =0AB02=8:>2, 8AB8==KE 4@C759: =B>=89 8 0E><89 5;8:85, 8; !8=09A:89, !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2, D@5< 8 A00: !8@89FK  A>=< A25B>=>A=KE, ?@5:@0A=59H8E 87 AK=>2 G5;>25G5A:8E, >B@065=85 @0O =0 75<;5. 5;8:85 8 =5?>AB868<K5 4;O >3@0=8G5==>3>, ?;>A:>3> G5;>25G5A:>3> C<0 4>3<0BK 25@K: > !2. "@>8F5, 8A:C?;5=88 <8@0 8ACA>< %@8AB><, 2>A:@5A5=88  1>3>?@>A25I5==K<8 C<0<8 >BF>2 >1@>B>;N18O ?@8>B:@>NBAO A;01><C C<C 8ICI53> 8AB8=K, 8 ?>@078BAO >=, :0: ?@>AB> 2K@078;8 >BFK &5@:28 8 >BH5;L=8:8 !8=0O 3;C18=K 25@K E@8AB80=A:>9. >GC2AB2C5B G8B0B5;L >1@>B>;N18O A@07C :0:, ?@8 MB>9 ?@>AB>B5 2K@065=8O A;>20 ?>3@C65=K 1K;8 C<K 8 A5@4F0 53> CG8B5;59 2 7@5=85 B09= >688E. >3<0B 1C45B ?@8=OB :0: 687=L, 0 =5 >B2;5G5==>ABL.  : <8@A:>9 AC5B5 A=87>94CB 25;8:85 >BFK, 8<52H85 «2>73>@5=85 A5@4F0 > 2A5< B2>@5=88» (A00: !8@88). =8 C:06CB, GB> «7;>A;>285 5ABL A<5@BL 4CH8» (0220 @); GB> «?@8AB@0AB85 =540;L=>284=>, 0 =5=028ABL 8 2>2A5 =8G53> =5 2848B» (A84>@ 5;CA8>B); GB> «3>2>@8BL <=>3>, E>BO 1K 8 E>@>H53>,  MB> C?>4>1;OBLAO 425@8 2 10=5, G0AB> >B2>@O5<>9 8 2K?CA:0NI59 ?0@»; GB> «?8B0NI89 2 A515 ?@82KG:C  B> 65, GB> G5;>25:, 40NI89 ?8IC >3=N» (A00: !8@88). 0AB>OI89 B@C4  2K1>@:8 87 2A5E ?OB8 B><>2 >1@>B>;N18O  2>7=8: ?> <8;>AB8 >6859 B@C40<8 =0AB>OB5;O 070=A:>->3>@>48F:>3> <C6A:>3> <>=0ABK@O 2 3. %0@18=5, >BF0 0@E8<0=4@8B0 .25=0;8O. B5F .25=0;89 A>25@H8; ?@5:@0A=>5 8 4CH5A?0A8B5;L=>5 45;>, A>1@02 4;O 2A5E 4>ABC?=>3> 8740=8O ?5@;K >1@>B>;N18O. %@8AB80=A:><C ?@02>A;02=><C >1I5AB2C >AB05BAO 0?>AB>;LA:8 ?@>4;8BL B@C4 >. .25=0;8O  A45;0BL MB>B B><8: >1@>B>;N18O ?>AB>O==K< A?CB=8:>< 687=8 2AO:>9 4CH8 E@8AB80=A:>9.     ;065==K9 804>E.  N1OI89 >30 8 25@C5B 8A:@5==>, 8 45;0 25@K A>25@H05B ?@5?>4>1=>. 5@CNI89 65 B>;L:>, 0 =5 ?@51K20NI89 2 ;N128 8 A0<>9 B>9 25@K, :>B>@CN :065BAO 8<5NI8<, =5 8<55B. = 25@C5B A =5:>N ;53:>ABLN C<0, =5 =>AO 2 A515 459AB25==>3> >B25A0 (CAB0=02;820NI53> 53> =0 548=><) ?@5A;02=>9 ;N128. ">;L:> 25@0, 459AB2CNI0O ;N1>2LN, 5ABL 25;8:0O 3;0287=0 4>1@>45B5;59 (0;. 5, 6). AA;54CNI89 3;C18=C 25@K >1C@5205BAO 2>;=0<8 ?><KH;5=89, 0 A>75@F0NI89 55 2 ?@>AB>A5@45G=>< @0A?>;>65=88 =0A;06405BAO A;04>AB=>N 2=CB@5==5N B8H8=>N. ;C18=0 25@K, 1C4CG8 2>4>N 70125=8O, =5 B5@?8B, GB>1K 2 =55 A<>B@5;8 8;8 C7@520;8 ;N1>?KB=K<8 ?><KH;5=8O<8. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  57 25@K, =04564K 8 ;N128 :0: 87 EC4>3> =8GB> 2 :>=5F =5 8AB@51;O5BAO, B0: 8 87 4>1@>3> =8G53> A>25@H5==> =5 CAB0=02;8205BAO 2 =0A. 5@0 C156405B 1>@8<K9 C< ?@81530BL : >3C 8 2>71C6405B 53> : 45@7=>25=8N C25@5=85< 2 3>B>2=>AB8 4;O =53> 2AO:8E 4CE>2=KE >@C489; =045640 1K205B 4;O =53> =5 >1<0=G82>N ?>@CG8B5;L=8F5N 70 >65AB25==CN ?><>IL, >15I0O 8AB@51;5=85 ?@>B82=KE A8;, 0 ;N1>2L A>45;K205B 53> =5C4>1>>BB>@68<K< >B @>4AB25==>3> A>G5B0=8O A >65AB25==K<, 4065 8 2> 2@5<O A0<>9 1@0=8, ?@8;5?;OO 2AN A8;C 53> @0A?>;>65=8O : 2>645;5=8N >65AB25==>3>. 5@0 CB5H05B 1>@8<K9 C<, 2>>4CH52;OO 53> =5A><=5==>ABLN 2 ?><>I8; =045640, ?@54 >G8 ?@54AB02;OO C25@>20==CN ?><>IL, >B@0605B =0?045=85 A>?@>B82>1>@F52; 0 ;N1>2L 45;05B <5@B2K< (8;8 157459AB25==K<) 4;O 1>3>;N182>3> C<0 ?@8@065=85 2@03>2, A>25@H5==> >15AA8;820O 53> 2>645;5==K< CAB@5<;5=85< : >3C. !;5?CN 8<55B 25@C B>B, :B> ?> 25@5 =5 8A?>;=O5B 70?>25459 >688E. 1>, 5A;8 70?>2548 >689 5ABL A25B, B> O2=>, GB> 157 >65AB25==>3> A25B0 >AB05BAO B>B, :B> =5 8A?>;=O5B >688E 70?>25459, =>AO 3>;>A;>2=>5, 0 =5 8AB8==>5 >65AB25==>5 720=85. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  5@0 5ABL  1KBL 3>B>2C C<5@5BL %@8AB0 @048 70 70?>254L 3>, 2 C15645=88, GB> B0:0O A<5@BL ?@8=>A8B 687=L; =8I5BC 2<5=O5B 2 1>30BAB2>; EC4>ABL 8 =8GB>65AB2>  2 8AB8==CN A;02C 8 7=0<5=8B>ABL; 8, 2 B> 2@5<O, :0: =8G53> =5 8<55BAO, 1KBL C25@5=C, GB> 2A5< >1;0405HL; >A>15==> 65 >=0 5ABL ABO60=85 =58AA;548<>3> 1>30BAB20 ?>7=0=8O %@8AB0 8 278@0=85 =0 2A5 2848<>5, :0: =0 ?@0E 8;8 4K<. 5@0 2> %@8AB0 5ABL =5 B> B>;L:>, GB>1K =51@5GL > ?@8OB=>ABOE 687=8, => 8 B>, GB>1K B5@?5;82> 8 1;03>4CH=> ?5@5=>A8BL 2AO:>5 =0E>4OI55 8A:CH5=85: 2 ?5G0;OE, A:>@1OE, =5?@8OB=KE A;CG09=>ABOE  ?>:0 2>71;03>2>;8B >3 ?@87@5BL =0 =0A, ?>4@060O ?@>@>:C 0284C, :>B>@K9 3>2>@8B: "5@?O ?>B5@?5E >A?>40, 8 2=OB <8 (A. 39, 1), B. 5., B5@?O A:>@18, O C?>20; (=045O;AO), GB> >A?>4L ?><>65B <=5; ?>G5<C >A?>4L, 284O, GB> O, =5 :>;51;OAL, G0N ?><>I8 >B 53>, ?@87@5; =0 <5=O 8 O28; <=5 <8;>ABL !2>N. 5@0 2> %@8AB0, 8AB8==>3> >30, @>6405B 65;0=85 25G=KE 1;03 8 AB@0E <CG5=89; 65;0=85 65 A8E 1;03 8 AB@0E <C: ?@82>48B : AB@>3><C 8A?>;=5=8N 70?>25459; 0 AB@>3>5 8A?>;=5=85 70?>25459 =0CG05B ;N459 3;C1>:><C A>7=0=8N A2>59 =5<>I=>AB8; MB> A>7=0=85 8AB8==>9 =5<>I=>AB8 =0H59 @>6405B ?0<OBL > A<5@B8; :B> 65 2>7K<5; A8N ?0<OBL A>68B5;L=8F5N A515, B>B ?@81>;57=5==> 27KI5B C7=0BL, :0:>2> 1C45B 5<C ?> 8AE>45 8 C40;5=88 87 A59 687=8. !22. 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.  >5;8:C 2A5E 1;03 8;8 =@02AB25==KE 4>1@>B =0G0;>, A@548=0 8 :>=5F, 5A;8 E>G5HL, E>@>2>48B5;L 8 3;020@L, 5ABL 25@0, =045640 8 ;N1>2L  A8O B@8?;5B5==0O 8 1>3>B:0==0O 25@2L  ?0G5 65 2A5E  ;N1>2L, ?>B><C GB> >3 ;N1K 5ABL (1 =. 4, 8), B> =5?@0254=> =5 2>A?>;=8BL 8<8, GB> 5I5 =5 4>AB05B 2 =0AB>OI5< A>G8=5=88; B5< ?0G5, GB>, ?> A2. A00:C, «7025@H5=85 ?;>4>2 !2OB>3> CE0 B>340 1K205B, :>340 :B> !?>4>1;O5BAO A>25@H5==>9 ;N128». !2OB>9 >0== 5AB28G=8: ?8H5B: «K=5 65 ?@51K20NB B@8 A88, 2A5 B5A=59H8< A>N7>< A2O7CNI85AO 8 45@60I85AO 2 =5<: 25@0, =045640, 8 ;N1K, 1>;LH5 65 2A5E ;N1K, 81> 5N 8<5=C5BAO >3 (1 >@. 13; 1 =. 4). > <>5<C @07C<5=8N, ?5@20O 87 =8E 5ABL ;CG, 2B>@0O  A25B, 0 B@5BLO  :@C3; 2A5 65 >=8 >4=> ACBL A8O=85 8 >48= 1;5A:. 5@20O 2A5 <>65B C25@8BL 8 CAB@>8BL; 2B>@CN <8;>ABL >68O >:@C605B 8 45;05B =5?>ABK4=>N; B@5BLO  =8:>340 =5 ?0405B, =5 ?5@5AB05B B5I8 8 CO72;5==><C 5N =5 405B ?>G8BL >B 1;065==>3> C?>5=8O». !" %  !2OB>9 ;8<5=B ;5:A0=4@89A:89.  !B@0E =0G0;> ;N128 8 ?>B>< 2 =55 ?5@5E>48B. !B@0E >689, A>1AB25==>, =5 1>O7=L >30, 0 1>O7=L >B?0ABL >B >30 8 2?0ABL 2 3@5E8 8 AB@0AB8. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  CG A>;=5G=K9, ?@>=8:=C2H89 G@57 A:2068=C 2 4><, >A25I05B 2 =5< 2A5, B0: GB> 284=0 1K205B 8 B>=G09H0O ?K;L, =>AOI0OAO 2 2>74CE5; ?>4>1=> A5<C :>340 AB@0E >A?>45=L ?@8E>48B 2 A5@4F5, B> ?>:07K205B 5<C 2A5 3@5E8. @5?. D@5< !8@88.  0 G5;5 B2>5< 2A5340 40 1C45B :@5AB, 2 A5@4F5 65  AB@0E >689. ;06. 804>E.  8:B> =5 <>65B 2>7;N18BL >30 >B 2A53> A5@4F0, =5 2>73@52 ?@5645 2 GC2AB25 A5@4F0 AB@0E0 >68O, 81> 4CH0 2 459AB25==CN ;N1>2L ?@8E>48B ?>A;5 B>3> C65, :0: >G8AB8BAO 8 C<O3G8BAO 459AB285< AB@0E0 >68O.  AB@0E 65 >689, A> A:070==K< ?;>4>< >B =53>, =8:B> =5 <>65B 8 ?@89B8, 5A;8 =5 AB0=5B 2=5 2A5E 68B59A:8E ?>?5G5=89, 81> B>;L:> B>340, :>340 C< CA?>:>8BAO 2 ?>;=>< 157<>;288 8 157 ?>?5G5=89, =0G8=05BAO A?0A8B5;L=>5 2>7459AB285 =0 =53> AB@0E0 >68O, 2 A8;L=>< GC2AB25 >G8I0O 53> >B 2AO:>9 75<=>9 4515;>AB8, GB>1K B0:8< >1@07>< 2>725ABL 53> 2 ?>;=CN ;N1>2L :> 2A51;03><C >3C "0: GB> AB@0E 5ABL ?@8=04;56=>ABL ?@0254=KE, B>;L:> 5I5 >G8I05<KE, 2 :>8E :0G5AB2C5B A@54=OO <5@0 ;N128, 0 A>25@H5==0O ;N1>2L 5ABL ?@8=04;56=>ABL C65 >G8I5==KE, 2 :>8E =5B AB@0E0, B0: :0: A>25@H5==0O ;N1>2L 2>= 873>=O5B AB@0E (1 =. 4,18). @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  !B@0E >689 42>O:: >48= @>6405BAO >B C3@>7 =0:070=85<, >B :>B>@>3> ?>@>640NBAO 2 =0A ?> ?>@O4:C: 2>745@60=85, B5@?5=85, C?>20=85 =0 >30 8 15AAB@0AB85, 87 :>53> ;N1>2L. @C3>9  A>?@O65= A A0<>N ;N1>2LN, ?@>872>4O 2 4CH5 1;03>3>25=85, GB>1K >=0 >B 45@7=>25=8O ;N128 =5 4>H;0 4> ?@5=51@565=8O >30. !B@0E 42>O:: >48= G8ABK9, 0 4@C3>9  =5G8ABK9. B>B AB@0E, :>B>@K9 ?>@>6405BAO ?> ?@8G8=5 ?@53@5H5=89, ?>4 459AB285< >6840=8O <C:,  =5G8AB, B0: :0: ?@8G8=>N 8<55B A>7=0205<K9 70 A>1>N 3@5E 8 =5 ?@51C45B =02A5340, ?>B><C GB> 2<5AB5 A >BJOB85< G@57 ?>:0O=85 3@5E0 8AG5705B.  B>B, :>B>@K9 8 157 MB>3> 1>O7;82>3> 15A?>:>9AB20 87-70 3@5E>2 2A5340 AB>8B 2 4CH5, MB>B AB@0E G8AB 8 =8:>340 =5 >B>945B, ?>B><C GB> >= =5:0:> A>?@8ACI >3C, :0: 40=L >B ;8F0 B20@59, ?@>O2;OO A>1>N 5AB5AB25==>5 2A5< 1;03>3>258=AB2> ?@54 3> 25;8G85<, ?@52KAH8< 2AO:>3> F0@AB20 8 A8;K. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  B> ?@>=8:=CB AB@0E>< >688<, B>B =5 1>8BAO >1@0I0BLAO A@548 7;KE ;N459. <5O 2=CB@L A51O AB@0E >689 8 =>AO =5?>1548<>5 >@C685 25@K, >= A8;5= 1K205B =0 2A5 8 <>65B 45;0BL 4065 B>, GB> <=>38< :065BAO B@C4=K< 8 =52>7<>6=K<. = E>48B A@548 =8E, :0: 3830=B A@548 >157LO=>: 8;8 ;52 A@548 ?A>2 8 ;8A8F, C?>20O =0 >A?>40, B25@4>AB8N <C4@>20=8O A2>53> 87C<;O5B 8E, C60A05B A<KA;K 8E, ?>@060O 8E A;>20<8 ?@5<C4@>AB8, :0: 657;>< 65;57=K<. !B0@5F !8<5>= ;03>3>259=K9.  >;6=> 2A5340 8<5BL AB@0E >689 8 :064>4=52=> >1A;54>20BL 8 >1AC640BL, GB> 4>1@>3> 8 GB> EC4>3> A45;0=> B>1>N, 8 4>1@>5 ?@54020BL 70125=8N, GB>1K =5 2?0ABL 2 AB@0ABL BI5A;028O, 0 > ?@>B82=>< B><C ?@>;820BL A;57K A 8A?>254LN 8 =0?@O65==>N <>;8B2>N. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  !B@0E, =0?5@54 A>G5B02H8AL A 4CH>N, G@57 ?>:0O=85 45;05B 55 G@520B>N ?><KH;5=85< > AC45. ">340 >:@C60NB 55 1>;57=8 04A:8E <CG5=89 0 (A. 114, 3); 2>74KE0=8O 8 A:>@1=K5 B><;5=8O A A60B85< A5@4F0 B5@70NB 55 ?@8 ?><KH;5=88 > 1C4CI5< 2>740O=88 70 45;0 7;K5. >B>< <=>38<8 A;570<8 8 B@C40<8 2> G@525 ?><KH;5=8O 70G0B>5 =0<5@5=85 A>4520BL A?0A5=85, 2>7@0AB82H8, @>6405B =0 75<;5 A5@4F0 A2>53> 4CE A?0A5=8O, B. 5. @5H8<>ABL, 8 >A2>1>482H8AL >B <CG5=89 ?@8 <KA;8 >1 045 8 8710282H8AL >B AB5=0=89 ?>4 459AB285< ?@54AB02;5=8O AC40 >68O, 2>A?@8=8<05B 2 A51O 2>645;5=85 8 @04>ABL 1C4CI8E 1;03 8 A@5B05BAO 4@C38=5N-G8AB>B>N A F5;><C4@85<, :>8 8A:@5==5N ;N1>2LN A>G5B020NB 55 A >3><. ! >3>< 65 A>G5B02H8AL, 4CH0 >ICI05B =587@5G5==CN A;04>ABL 8 >B A53> A C4>2>;LAB285< C65 8 =0A;0645=85< ?@>;8205B A;57K C<8;5=8O, GC64>N 45;05BAO A>GC2AB28O 2A5<C, GB> 2 <8@5, 8 :0: 1K 2 8AABC?;5=88 ACI8, B5G5B 2A;54 5=8E0-%@8AB0, B0: 27K20O : 5<C 1573;0A=K< 3;0A><: «A;54 "515 2 2>=N <8@0 "2>53> 2>7B5:C. >725AB8 <8. 3> 65 2>7;N18 4CH0 <>O, 345 ?0A5H8? 45 ?>G8205H8 2 ?>;C4=5 G8AB>3> A>75@F0=8O (5A=. 1, 3, 6), GB>1K =5 1KBL <=5 2K=C645==>N 1;C640BL ?> AB040< 4@C3>2  "2>8E ?@0254=8:>2, 81> A25B;>A8O=85 2AO:8E B08=AB2 C "51O»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«'B> B515 8 =0<, GC64K9 >3C? 'B> B515 8 =0<, A25@65==K9 A =510 8 @01 ;C:02K9? 5 8<55HL BK 2;0AB8 =04 =0<8; 2;0ABL =04 =0<8 8 =04 2A5< 8<55B %@8AB>A, !K= >689; <C 65 A>3@5H8;8, <C 8 >B25B 4048<, 8<5O @CG0B5;LAB2>< <8;>A5@485 3> : =0< 8 A?0A5=85 2 5<  G5AB=K9 3> :@5AB. "K 65 1538 40;LH5 >B =0A, >:0O==K9! 8GB>65 B515 2 @010E %@8AB>2KE»  >B B0:8E 45@7=>25==KE A;>2 4CH8, =0:>=5F, 4802>; @0748@0NI89 8A?CAB8B :@8:, 2 15AA8;88 CAB>OBL ?@>B82 8<5=8 %@8AB>20; 4CH0 65, ?@52KH5 53> ACI8 8 ?0@O =04 2@03><, :0: B0: =07K205<K9 1KAB@>:@K; =04 2>@>=><, ?5@5=>A8BAO >65AB25==K<8 =35;0<8 2 >?@545;5==>5 59 ?> 55 A>AB>O=8N <5AB>. 220 >@>D59.  B> 157 C60A0 <>65B 2>A?><8=0BL AB@0H=K5 <5AB0 <CG5=89, >3=L, BL<C 15760;>AB=KE A;C3-<CG8B5;59 8 4@C385 B><;5=8O, > :>8E 3>2>@8BAO 2 8A0=88: 848B5 >B 5=5 ?@>:;OB88 2> >3=L 25G=K9, C3>B>20==K9 4802>;C 8 0335;>< 53> (D. 25, 41). 0 8 >48= ABK4 >AC645=8O :0: A>:@CH8B5;5= 8 C189AB25=! !2. ;0B>CAB 3>2>@8B: «A;8 1K 8 =5 B5:;0 @5:0 >3=5==0O 8 =5 ?@54AB>O;8 AB@0H=K5 0=35;K, => B>;L:> 1K ?@87K20;8AL 2A5 G5;>25:8 =0 !C4, 8 >4=8  ?>;CG8;8 ?>E20;C, ?@>A;02;O;8AL 1K, 4@C385 65  >BAK;0;8AL A 15AG5AB85<, GB>1K =5 2845BL 8< A;02K >6859, B> =0:070=85 >=K< ABK4>< 8 15AG5AB85< 8 A:>@1L > ;8H5=88 B>;8:8E 1;03 =5 1K;0 ;8 1K C60A=55 2AO:>9 355==K?» !2. ?@5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  !<5@BL, A>1AB25==>, 5ABL >B40;5=85 >B >30; 60;> 65 A<5@B8  3@5E, :>B>@>5 40<, ?@8O2 2 A51O, AB0; 2 >4=> 2@5<O 873=0= 8 >B 4@520 687=8, 8 >B @0O, 8 >B >30; 70 G5< =5>1E>48<> A45;>20;0 8 B5;5A=0O A<5@BL. 87=L 65, A>1AB25==>, 5ABL ">B, B> A:070;: 7 A5<L... 682>B (=. 14, 6). !59, 1K2 2 A<5@B8, ?0:8 2>725; 2 687=L <5@B25==>3>. !B@0E 355==K ?>1C6405B 22>48<KE 2 A:070==K9 ?CBL (=>2>=0G0;L=KE) 871530BL 3@5E0; 65;0=85 2>740O=8O 1;03 ?@8405B 3>B>2=>AB8 ?@5CA?520NI8< 2 45;0=88 4>1@>45B5;59; 0 B08=AB2> ;N128 2>AB>@305B C< ?@52KH5 2A53> B20@=>3>, A>45;K20O 53> A;5?K< 4;O 2A53>, GB> ?>A;5 >30. >A?>4L C<C4@O5B, ?>:07K20O 5<C >65AB25==59H55. ICB =5:>B>@K5 87 ;N1OI8E 4> 2A53> 4>E>48BL, 2 G5< 1C45B A>AB>OBL @07;8G85 25G=KE >18B5;59 8 >15B>20==KE =0A;5488,  <5AB>< ;8 >=> 1C45B >?@545;OBLAO 8;8 :>;8G5AB2>< 8 :0G5AB2>< 4CE>2=KE A>25@H5=AB2 :064>3>?  >4=8< :065BAO  ?5@2>5, 0 4@C38<  2B>@>5. B> ?>7=0;, GB> &0@AB285 >685 2=CB@L 20A 5ABL 8 GB> 2 4><C BF0 >53> >18B5;8 <=>38 ACBL (:. 17, 21; =. 14, 2),  B>B AB0=5B =0 AB>@>=C 2B>@>3>, &0@AB2> >30 8 BF0 ?> 2A545@68B5;LAB2C 5ABL 2> 2A5E 25@CNI8E; ?> 1;03>40B8 65  2 B5E, :>B>@K5 2A5F5;> >B;>68;8 2AO:>5 @0A?>;>65=85 : 5AB5AB25==>9 687=8, 4CH52=>9 8 B5;5A=>9, 8 ABO60;8 687=L 4CE>2=CN, B0: GB> <>3CB 3>2>@8BL A 0?>AB>;><: 82C 65 =5 :B><C 07, => 6825B 2> <=5 %@8AB>A (0;. 2, 20). >=5F =0AB>OI59 687=8 =5A?@0254;82>, 4C<0N, =07K20BL A<5@BLN, 0 A:>@55 87102;5=85< >B A<5@B8, C40;5=85< 87 >1;0AB8 B;5=8O, >A2>1>645=85< >B @01AB20, ?@5:@0I5=85< B@52>3, ?@5A5G5=85< 1@0=5=, 2KE>4>< 87 BL<K, >B4>E=>25=85< >B B@C4>2, C:@KB85< >B ABK40, C1560=85< >B AB@0AB59 8, >1I5 A:070BL,  ?@545;>< 2A5E 7>;.  =8E A2OBK5, 8A?@0282H8AL G@57 A2>1>4=>5 A0<>C<5@I2;5=85, A>45;0;8 A51O GC64K<8 8 AB@0==K<8 2 MB>9 687=8. 1>, 4>1;5AB=> 1>@OAL A <8@>< 8 ?;>B8N, 8 A 8AE>4OI8<8 >B =8E 2>AAB0=8O<8, 8 ?>40282 87 >1>8E 8E, ?> A>GC2AB28N GC2AB20 A GC2AB25==K<, ?>@>640NI55 ?@5;LI5=85, >=8 =5 ?>@01>I5==K< A>E@0=8;8 2 A0<8E A515 4>AB>8=AB2> 4CH8. @5?. $5>3=>AB.  0:>5 =5A:070==>5 8 =52K@078<>5 CB5H5=85, :>340 4CH0 A C25@5==>ABLN 2> A?0A5=88 >B45;O5BAO >B B5;0, A;030O 53>, :0: >4564C! 1>, :0: 1K 2> >1;040=88 ACI8 C?>205<KE 1;03, >=0 >AB02;O5B 53> 15A?5G0;L=>, A <8@>< 84O : =35;C, A2KH5 AE>4OI5<C : =59 A @04>AB8N 8 25A5;85<, 8 2<5AB5 A =8< 15A?@5?OBAB25==> ?@>E>4O 2>74CH=>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2>, =8:0:><C =5 ?>425@30OAL =0?045=8N A> AB>@>=K 4CE>2 7;>1K, => 2 @04>AB8 2>AE>4O A 45@7=>25=85< 8 1;03>40@=K<8 2>73;0A0<8, ?>:0 4>AB83=5B ?>:;>=5=8O "2>@FC, 8 B0< ?>;CG8B >?@545;5=85 1KBL ?><5I5==>N 2 A>=<5 ?>4>1=KE 59 :@>2=KE 2 4>1@>45B5;8, 4> >1I53> 2>A:@5A5=8O. @5;. $8;>D59 !8=09A:89.  B>, 4>1@5 8A:C?0O 2@5<O 687=8 A2>59, =5?@5AB0==> 1K205B 70=OB ?><KH;5=85< 8 ?0<OBLN > A<5@B8 8 G@57 MB> A0<>5 <C4@> 8AE8I05B C< 87 AB@0AB59, B>B >1K:=>25==> >AB@55 7@8B ?>2A5G0A=K5 ?@8@065=8O 15A>2A:8E ?@8;>3>2, =565;8 B>B, :B> ?@>2>48B 687=L 157 ?0<OB8 A<5@B=>9, =045OAL >G8AB8BL A5@4F5 459AB285< >4=>3> @07C<0, 0 =5 B5<, GB>1K 2A5340 E@0=8BL ?5G0;L=CN 8 ?;0G52=CN <KA;L. B> 8<55B =5?@5AB0==> ?><KH;5=85 > A<5@B8, B>B >AB@>7>@G5, G5< B>B, :B> =5 8<55B 53>, 70<5G0O ?@8@065=8O 45<>=>2, C4>1=> ?@>3>=O5B 8E 8 ?>?8@05B. =>3>, ?>8AB8=5, 4>1@>45B5;59 A>2<5I05B 2 A515 C3;C1;5==0O ?0<OBL > A<5@B8. =0 5ABL @>48B5;L=8F0 ?;0G0, @C:>2>48B5;L=8F0 :> 2A5AB>@>==5<C 2>745@60=8N, =0?><8=0B5;L=8F0 > 355==5, <0B5@L <>;8B2K 8 A;57, AB@06 A5@4F0, 8AB>G=8: A0<>C3;C1;5=8O 8 @0AAC48B5;L=>AB8, :>B>@KE G040: AC3C1K9 AB@0E >689 8 >G8I5=85 A5@4F0 >B AB@0AB=KE ?><KA;>2  >1J5<;NB <=>3> ;04KG=8E 70?>25459.  B0:>< A5@4F5 7@8BAO B>340 1>@5=85 8 ?>4283, 2K45@68205<K5 A :@09=8< B@C4><.  >1 MB><-B> 2AO 701>B0 C <=>38E 87 1>@F>2 %@8AB>2KE. ;8O :48:.  5B =8G53> AB@0H=55 ?0<OB8 A<5@B=>9 8 482=55 ?0<OB8 >6859; B0 2A5;O5B A?0A8B5;L=CN ?5G0;L, 0 MB0 8A?>;=O5B 4CE>2=K< 25A5;85<. 1> ?@>@>: 0284 ?>5B: ?><O=CE >30 8 2>725A5;8EAO (A. 76,4), 8 ?@5<C4@K9 CG8B: ?><8=09 ?>A;54=OO B2>O, 8 2> 25:8 =5 A>3@5H8H8 (!8@. 7, 39). ;03 &0@AB28O, ACI53> 2=CB@L =0A, <8@>;N182>5 >:> =5 2845;>, 8 G5AB>;N182>5 CE> =5 A;KH0;>, 8 =0 A5@4F5, ;8H5==>5 CE0 !2OB>3>, =5 2>AE>48;> B>. =8 ACBL 70;>38 1;03, :0:85 8<5NB 1KBL 40@>20=K ?@0254=K< 2 1C4CI5< &0@AB25 %@8AB>2><. B> =5 =0A;06405BAO 745AL A8<8 ?;>40<8 CE0, B>B =5 <>65B A?>4>18BLAO =0A;0645=8O 8<8 8 B0<. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  B> 2A5;8B 2 3;C18=5 A5@4F0 A2>53> AB@0E !C40, B>B O2;O5BAO =0 7@5;8I5 <8@0 :0: =5:89 >AC645==8:, 70:>20==K9 2 F5?8. >G5<C ?@51K205B >1JOB AB@0E><, :0: 1K 1K; AE20G5= ?0;0G>< =5<8;>AB82K< 8 2;5:>< =0 <5AB> :07=8, =5 4C<0O =8 > G5< 4@C3><, :@><5 AB@040=89 8 B5@70=89, :0:85 8<55B ?@5B5@?5BL >B <C: 2 25G=>< >3=5. -B> GC2AB2> <C: E@0=8BAO =5873;048<> 2 A5@4F5 53> AB@0E><, ?>@>482H8< 53>, 8 2<5AB5 A =8< =5 405B 5<C 701>B8BLAO > G5<-;81> G5;>25G5A:><, B0: :0: >= 2A5340 =0E>48BAO 2 B0:>< A>AB>O=88, :0: 1K 1K; ?>25H5= =0 :@5AB 8 GC2AB2>20; 2> 2A59 A8;5 1>;57=8 8 AB@040=8O :@5AB=>9 A<5@B8,  GB> 8 =5 ?>?CA:05B 5<C =8 2=8<0BL ;8FC GL5<C-;81>, =8 4C<0BL > G5AB8 8;8 15AG5AB88 G5;>25G5A:8E. B 2A59 4CH8 ?>G8B0O A51O 4>AB>9=K< 2AO:03> ?@57@5=8O 8 15AG5AB8O, 8 2=8<0=8O =5 >1@0I05B >= =0 ?>=>H5=8O 8 C=865=8O, :0:85 5<C 45;0NB. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  3=5< >B:@>5BAO ?>A;54=89 45=L 8 >3=5< 1C4CB 8A?KBC5<K 45;0 :064>3>, 3>2>@8B A2. 0?. 025; (1 >@. 3,13), ?@8;030O ?@8 A5<, GB> GL8 45;0 ?> ACI5AB2C =5B;5==K, :0:>2K5 >= 2=CB@L A51O >B;>68; 2 A>7840=85 A2>5, B5 ?@51C4CB ?>A@545 >3=O =5B;5==K<8, 8 =5 B>;L:> =5 A3>@OB, => 5I5 A>45;0NBAO 1;5ABOI8<8, >G8AB82H8AL A>25@H5==> >B <0;KE :0:8E-;81> ?OB5=.  GL8 45;0 B;5==K ?> 25I5AB2C, :0:>2K5 >=, :0: 1@5<O, =0 A51O 2>7;>68;, B5, 2>73>@52H8AL, A3>@OB 8 >AB02OB 53> 2 >3=5 =8 A G5<. 5;0 =5B;5==K5 8 ?@51K20NI85 ACBL: A;57K ?>:0O=8O, <8;>ABK=O, A>AB@040=85, <>;8B20, A<8@5=85, 25@0, =045640 8 2AO:>5 45;>, 2 2840E 8AB8==>3> 1;03>G5AB8O A>45205<>5,  :>8, 8 :>340 6825B G5;>25:, A>7840NBAO 2 =5< 2> A2OB>9 E@0< >3C, 8 :>340 C<8@05B, >BE>4OB A =8< 8 A>?@51K20NB A =8< =5B;5==K<8 2>25:8.  45;0, 2 >3=5 8AB;520NI85, :0: 4;O 2A5E O2=>, ACBL: A;0AB>;N185, A;02>;N185, A@51@>;N185, =5=028ABL, 7028ABL, 2>@>2AB2>, ?LO=AB2>, 4>A0645=85, >AC645=85 8 2AO:>5 45;>, B5;>< A>25@H05<>5 ?> ?>E>B8 8;8 3=52C. A5 B0:85 45;0, 8 :>340 6825B G5;>25:, @076830OAL ?>E>BLN, B;5NB 2<5AB5 A =8<, => =5 A>?@51K20NB A =8<, 0 1K2 8AB@51;5=K >3=5<, 45;0B5;O A2>53> >AB02;ONB 2 >3=5 =0 =5A:>=G05<CN 2> 25:8 25:>2 <C:C. !2. @83>@89 !8=08B.  C:8 @07;8G=K, :0: 8 2>740O=85 1;038E. C:8 2A5 2 04C ACBL, ?> A;>2C 8A0=8O: 2 75<;5 B5<=>9 8 <@0G=>9, 2 75<;5 BL<K 25G=KO (>2. 10, 21 22), 345 3@5H=8:8 682CB ?@5645 AC40 8 :C40 2>72@0I0NBAO >?OBL ?> 87@5G5=88 ?>A;54=53> >68O >?@545;5=8O, 81> A;>20 8A0=8O: 2>72@0BOBAO 3@5H=8FK 2> 04 8 A<5@BL C?0A5B O (A. 9, 18; 48, 15)  GB> 4@C3>5 >7=0G0NB, 5A;8 =5 >:>=G0B5;L=K9 ?@83>2>@ 8 25G=>5 >AC645=85. 3=L, BL<0, G5@2L, B0@B0@ A>>B25BAB2CNB AB@0ABO<: 2AO:>3> @>40 A;04>AB@0AB8N, 2A5>1J5<;NI59 BL<5 =52545=8O, =5CB>;8<>9 60645 GC2AB25==KE C4>2>;LAB289 A<@04C 3@5E0 7;>2>==>3>, :>8  :0: 7040B:8 8 70G0B:8 04A:8E <C:  C65 >B745 =0G8=0NB <CG8B5;L=> 459AB2>20BL =0 4CHC 3@5H=8:>2, :>340 C:>@5=ONBAO 4>;38< =02K:><. C4CI85 =03@04K 8 =0:070=8O @02=> 25G=K, E>BO 8=K< MB> :065BAO 8=0G5. 4=8< >65AB25==0O @0240 2>7405B 25G=CN 687=L, 0 4@C38< 25G=>5 <CG5=85. "5 8 4@C385, 4>1@5 8;8 7;5 ?@>682H8 =K=5H=89 25:, 2>740O=85 ?>;CG0B ?> 45;0<; :>;8G5AB2> 65 8 :0G5AB2> 2>740O=8O >?@545;8BAO 4>1@>45B5;O<8 8;8 AB@0ABO<8, =02K:>< C:>@5=82H8<8AO. 0: 70G0B:8 1C4CI8E 1;03 A>:@KB> ?@8ACI8 2 A5@4F0E ?@0254=8:>2 8 459AB2CNB 4CE>2=>, :0: 8 2=CH0NBAO, 81> &0@AB285 515A=>5 5ABL 4>1@>45B5;L=>5 68B85, :0: <CG5=85 04A:>5  AB@0AB=K5 =02K:8. &0@AB285 515A=>5 ?>4>1=> A:8=88 1>3>40==>9, 81> 8 >=> 2 1C4CI5< 25:5, ?>4>1=> >8A552>9, 1C45B 8<5BL 425 7025AK, 87 :>8E 2 ?5@2CN 2=84CB 2A5 >A2OI5==K5 1;03>40B8N,  2> 2B>@CN 65 B>;L:> A>25@H5==59H85. =>38<8 >18B5;O<8 =0720; !?0A8B5;L @07;8G=K5 AB5?5=8 B0<>H=53> A>AB>O=8O. &0@AB285 >4=>, => <=>385 8<55B 2=CB@8 A51O @07;8G8O, ?> @07;8G8N 8<5NI8E 2=8B8 2 =53> 2 4>1@>45B5;8 8 2545=88 8 2 <5@5 >1>65=8O. 1> 8=0 A;020 A>;=FC, 8=0 A;020 ;C=5, 8=0 A;020 725740<: 8 725740 1> >B 72574K @07=AB2C5B 2> A;025, E>BO 2A5 >=8 =0 >65AB25==>9 B25@48 A8ONB (1 >@. 15, 41).  1C4CI5< 25:5, 3>2>@OB, =35;K 8 A2OBK5 =8:>340 =5 ?@5AB0=CB ?@5CA?520BL 2 ?@8C<=>65=88 40@>20=89, AB@5<OAL 2A5 : 1>;LH8< 8 1>;LH8< 1;030<. 0;5=85 65 8;8 ?@>E>645=85 >B 4>1@>45B5;8 :> 3@5EC 25: >=K9 =5 4>?CA:05B. #   !" + #", @5?>4>1=K9 D@5< !8@88.  > 2A5<C ?@>AB@0=AB2C 8A0=8O C1;060NBAO >4=8 84CI85 C7:8< ?CB5<, 2ABC?82H8< 65 =0 ?CBL H8@>:89 8 ?@>AB@0==K9 25745 ?@54A:07K205BAO 3>@5. AB028< 65 ?CBL H8@>:89, 254CI89 2 ?03C1C, 8 2ABC?8< =0 C7:89, GB>1K, ?>B@C482H8AL =5<=>3> 745AL, F0@AB2>20BL 2 15A:>=5G=K5 25:8. >B@C48<AO, 2A5340 8<5O ?@54 >G0<8 @O4CI53> AC48BL 682KE 8 <5@B2KE 8 =5?@5AB0==> A>45@60 2 ?0<OB8 25G=CN 687=L, =5A:>=G05<>5 &0@AB2>, ;8:>AB>O=85 A =35;0<8, ?@51K20=85 A> %@8AB><. >945< ?CB5< C7:8< 8 B5A=K<, ;N1O A>:@CH5=85, GB>1 ?@51K20;> 2 =0A ?0<OB>20=85 A<5@B8 8 GB>1K >A2>1>48BLAO =0< >B >AC645=8O, 81> A:070=>: 3>@5... A<5NI8<AO =K=5: O:> 2>7@K405B5 8 2>A?;0G5B5 (:. 6, 25). ;065==K 65 ?;0GCI85 =K=5: O:> B88 CB5H0BAO (D. 5, 4). 03;O=5< 2 <>38;C 8 C2848< B09=K =0H53> 5AB5AB20  :CGC ;560I8E >4=0 =0 4@C3>9 :>AB59, G5@5?0, >1=0605<K5 >B ?;>B8, 8 ?@>G85 :>AB8. !<>B@O =0 =8E, C2848< 2 =8E A51O A0<8E. 345 :@0A>B0 =0AB>OI53> F25B0? 45 4>1@>7@0G=>ABL ;0=8B? 07<KH;OO > A5<, >B:065<AO >B ?;>BA:8E 2>645;5=89, GB>1K =5 1KBL =0< ?>ABK65==K<8 2 >1I55 2>A:@5A5=85 <5@B2KE. @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.  0: <>65< <K ?@5>4>;5BL C:>@5=82H89AO ?@5645 3@5E? C6=> A0<>?@8=C645=85. 1> 3>2>@8BAO: <C6 2 B@C45E B@C6405BAO A515 8 87=C6405B (=0A8;L=> ?@>3>=O5B) ?>3815;L A2>N (@8BG. 16,26), 2A5340 ;N1>?@OAO 2>72>48BL ?><KA;K A2>8 3>@5, : A2OBK=5. 0A8;85 =0A8;85< @07@CH0BL =5 2>A?@5I5=> 70:>=0<8 (=0A8;85 3@5E0 =0A8;85< 4>1@KE AB@5<;5=89). ;06. 220 >A8<0.   CAB@5<;5=8OE ?@>872>;5=88 2AO A8;0. >@OG55 ?@>872>;5=85 2 >48= G0A <>65B ?@8=5AB8 >3C 1>;55 1;03>C3>4=>3> <C, =565;8 B@C4K 4>;3>3> 2@5<5=8 157 =53>. @>872>;5=85 2O;>5 8 ;5=82>5 157459AB25==>. A;8 :B> 0DCA08;>2K ?@>6825B ;5B0, 0 =5 1C45B H5AB2>20BL B5< ?@O<K< ?CB5<, :0:8< H5AB2>20;8 2A5 A2OBK5,  3>2>@N > ?CBOE >15AG5AB2>20=8O 8 =5A?@0254;82KE C:>@>2 8 <C65AB25==>3> 8E ?@5B5@?520=8O,  B>B =5 ?@5CA?55B =8 <=>3>, =8 <0;> 8 =5 >1@5B5B A>:@KB>3> 2 70?>254OE A>:@>28I0, 0 B>;L:> =0?@0A=> ?>B@0B8B 2A5 ;5B0 687=8 A2>59. @5?. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  >B>@K9 ?CBL %@8AB>A 8 >3 =0H 2 20=35;88 =08<5=>20; B5A=K< 8 ?@8A:>@1=K<, B>B ?>B>< =0720; 83>< 1;038< 8 1@5<5=5< ;53:8< (D. 11, 30). 0: 65 B> 8 4@C3>5, :06CI55AO ?@>B82>?>;>6=K<, 2848BAO 2 >4=>< 8 B>< 65? "0:: ?> A2>9AB2C A2>5<C ?CBL A59 65AB>: 8 B@C45=, 0 ?> ?@>872>;5=8N A>25@H0NI8E 53> 8 ?> =045640< 1;038< >= 2>645;5=5=, 2>7;N1;5= 8 A;04>AB5= ?0G5, =565;8 A:>@15= 4;O 4CH 4>1@>;N182KE. >B ?>G5<C BK 8 2848HL, GB> 871@02H85 A59 ?CBL, B5A=K9 8 ?@8A:>@1=K9, A 1>;LH5N 3>B>2=>ABLN 84CB ?> =5<C, G5< ?> ?@>AB>@=><C 8 H8@>:><C. >A;CH09, GB> 3>2>@8B 1;065==K9 C:0 >1 0?>AB>;0E, :0: >=8 ?>A;5 185=8O 18G0<8 2>72@0B8;8AL >B ;8F0 A>1>@0, @04COAL (5O=. 5, 41). > 254L =5 B0:>2> A2>9AB2> 18G59: =5 A;04>ABL 8 @04>ABL, 0 A:>@1L 8 1>;57=L ?@8G8=ONB >=8. A;8 65 18G8 A;04>AB=K 1K;8 %@8AB0 @048, GB> 482=>3>, 5A;8 3> @048 8 4@C385 284K 7;>AB@040=89 8 >7;>1;5=88 ?;>B8 B0:>2K<8 =5 1K20NB? ;8O :48:.  5 >4=> 8 B> 65  :><C <8@ @0A?O;AO, 8 :B> A0< <8@C @0A?8=05BAO. 1> 4;O >4=8E 32>74L<8 A;C60B ?>AB 8 145=85, 0 4;O 4@C38E  =5ABO60=85 8 A0<>C=8G865=85.  B><C 65, 157 2B>@KE, B@C4K ?5@2KE 15A?>;57=K. =>385 2>AE>4OB =0 :@5AB 7;>AB@040=8O (?@>872>;L=KE B5;5A=KE ;8H5=89), => =5 <=>385 ?@85<;NB 32>748 53> (?@832>640NB =0 =5< A2>5 «O» =02A5340). =>385 1K20NB @010<8 ?@>872>;L=>3> ?>A;CH0=8O; =0 ?>A@0<;5=85 65 ?@>872>;L=> ?@540NB A51O B>;L:> B5, :>B>@K5 >B@5H8;8AL >B G5AB>;N18O. .,  #  # @5?>4>1=K9 !5@0D8< !0@>2A:89  >3 5ABL >3>=L A>3@520NI89 8 @076830NI89 A5@4F0 8 CB@>1K. A;8 <K >ICI05< 2 A5@4F0E A2>8E E;04, B> ?@87>25< >A?>40, 8 =, ?@8H54, A>3@55B =0H5 A5@4F5 A>25@H5==>N ;N1>2LN =5 B>;L:> : 5<C, => 8 : 1;86=8<. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  N1>2L 5ABL 8AB>G=8: >65AB25==>3> >3=O 2 A5@4F5. $8;>= ;5:A0=4@89A:89.  >AB83H89 ABC?5=8 >65AB25==>3> A>75@F0=8O 45;05BAO ?>AB>O==K< 2 4>1@>45B5;8, 81> ?@8;5?82H8AL ;N1>2LN : >3C, 701K205B > 2A5< >AB0;L=>< 8 ?>;CG5==><C 8< 1;065=AB2C =5 ?@54?>GB5B 75<=KE 1;03. 220 >@>D59.  @54AB02LB5 A515 :@C3, A@548=C 53>  F5=B@ 8 87 F5=B@0 8AE>4OI85 @048CAK-;CG8. -B8 @048CAK, G5< 40;LH5 84CB >B F5=B@0, B5< 1>;LH5 @0AE>4OBAO 8 C40;ONBAO 4@C3 >B 4@C30; =0?@>B82 G5< 1;865 ?>4E>4OB : F5=B@C, B5< 1>;LH5 A1;860NBAO <564C A>1>N. >;>68B5 B5?5@L, GB> :@C3 A59 5ABL <8@; A0<0O A@548=0 :@C30  >3, 0 ?@O<K5 ;8=88 (@048CAK), 84CI85 >B F5=B@0 : >:@C6=>AB8 8;8 >B >:@C6=>AB8 : F5=B@C, ACBL ?CB8 687=8 ;N459.  BCB B> 65: =0A:>;L:> A2OBK5 2E>4OB 2=CB@L :@C30 : A5@548=5 >=>3>, 65;0O ?@81;878BLAO : >3C, =0AB>;L:>, ?> <5@5 2E>645=8O, >=8 AB0=>2OBAO 1;865 : >3C 8 4@C3 : 4@C3C... "0: @07C<59B5 8 >1 C40;5=88. >340 C40;ONBAO >B >30... 2 B>9 65 <5@5 C40;ONBAO 4@C3 >B 4@C30, 8 A:>;L:> C40;ONBAO 4@C3 >B 4@C30, AB>;L:> C40;ONBAO 8 >B >30. "0:>2> 8 A2>9AB2> ;N128: =0A:>;L:> <K =0E>48<AO 2=5 8 =5 ;N18< >30, =0AB>;L:> :064K9 C40;5= 8 >B 1;86=53>. A;8 65 2>7;N18< >30, B> A:>;L:> ?@81;8605<AO : >3C ;N1>2LN : 5<C, AB>;L:> A>548=O5<AO ;N1>2LN 8 A 1;86=8<8, 8 A:>;L:> A>548=O5<AO A 1;86=8<8, AB>;L:> A>548=O5<AO 8 A >3><. "> 5ABL: 1) G5< 1>;55 G5;>25: C?@06=O5BAO 2 <8;>A5@488 8 ;N18B ;N459, B5< 1>;55 ?@81;8605BAO : >3C 8 2) G5< 1>;55 G5;>25: A5@4F5< GC2AB2C5B ;8G=>5 >65AB2>, B5< 1>;55 >= ;N18B ;N459. @5?. D@5< !8@8=.  >340 A>548=O5<AO 4@C3 A 4@C3>< =57028AB;82>ABLN, ?@>AB>B>N, ;N1>2LN, <8@>< 8 @04>ABLN, ?@5CA?5O=85 1;86=53> ?>G8B0O A>1AB25==K< A2>8< ?@8>1@5B5=85<, 0 @02=> =5<>I8, 8 =54>AB0B:8, 8 A:>@18 ?@87=020O A>1AB25==K< CI5@1><, B>340 2 A>AB>O=88 1C45< 8A?>;=8BL 70:>= %@8AB>2. >B ?>4;8==> 0=35;LA:0O 687=L! @5?. A00: !8@8=.  57 ;N128 : 1;86=5<C C< =5 <>65B ?@>A25I0BLAO 15A54>N 8 ;N1>2LN. N1>2L, 2>71C6405<0O G5<-;81> A>2=5, 5ABL :0: <0;K9 A25B8;L=8:, ?8B05<K9 5;55<, :>B>@K< 8 ?>445@68205BAO A25B 53>. ;8 :0: =02>4=O5<K9 4>645< ?>B>:, C :>B>@>3> B5G5=85 ?@5:@0I05BAO A >A:C45=85< A>AB02;ONI59 53> 4>6452>9 2>4K. > ;N1>2L, :>B>@0O 8<55B 28=>2=8:>< >30, 5ABL B> 65, GB> 1LNI89 87 75<;8 8AB>G=8:: ?>B>:8 55 =8:>340 =5 ?@5@K20NBAO, 81> = !0< 5ABL 8AB>G=8: A59 ;N128 8 =5>A:C4520NI0O ?8I0 55. 025@H5=85 ?;>4>2 CE0 2 B><, :>340 A?>4>18BAO :B> A>25@H5==>9 ;N128. !85 B0: ?>7=05BAO: :>340 ?0<OB>20=85 > >35 2>71C48;>AL 2 C<5, B>340 A5@4F5 =5<54;5==> 2>71C6405BAO ;N1>2LN : >3C, 8 >G8 >18;L=> 872>4OB A;57K. 1> ;N128 >1KG=> 2>A?><8=0=85< > ;N18<>< 2>71C640BL A;57K; 8 :B> B0:>2, C B>3> =8:>340 =5 >A:C4520NB A;57K, ?>B><C GB> =8:>340 =5 ?@5:@0I05BAO 2 =5< B>, GB> 2;5G5B 53> : ?0<OB>20=8N > >35. >A5<C 8 2> A=5 >= 15A54C5B A >3><, 81> ;N128 A2>9AB25==> ?@>872>48BL MB>, 8 >=0 5ABL A>25@H5=AB2> ;N459 2 =0AB>OI59 687=8. N1>2L : >3C 5AB5AB25==> 3>@OG0, :>340 =0?045B =0 :>3>-=81C4L, 157 <5@K 45;05B 4CHC BC 8AABC?;5==>N. >A5<C A5@4F5 >ICB82H53> 55 =5 <>65B 2<5AB8BL 55 8 AB5@?5BL, => ?> <5@5 :0G5AB20 (A2>53>) 8 =0H54H59 =0 =53> ;N128 2848BAO 2 =59 87<5=5=85 =5>1KG=>5.  2>B :0:>2K 7=0<5=8O 55 GC2AB25==K5: ;8F> 45;05BAO >3=5==K< 8 @04>AB=K< 8 B5;> A>3@5205BAO. BABC?0NB ABK4 8 AB@0E, 8 1K205B G5;>25: :0: 1K 8AABC?;5==K<; A8;0, A>18@0NI0O C<, 1568B >B =53> 8 1K205B >= :0: 1K 87C<;5=. !B@0H=CN A<5@BL ?>G8B05B >= @04>ABLN, 8 A>75@F0=85 C<0 53> =8:>340 =5 8A?KBK205B :0:>3>-;81> ?@5A5G5=8O 2 ?><KH;5=88 > =515A=><.  >BACBAB2CO, :0: ?@8ACBAB2CNI89, 15A54C5B >=, =5 7@8<K9 =8:5<. 545=85 8 7@5=85 53> 5AB5AB25==> ?@5E>48B, 8 GC2AB25==> =5 >ICI05B >= 42865=8O A2>53>, :>8< 42865BAO <564C 25I0<8. 1>, E>BO >= 8 45;05B GB>, => A>25@H5==> B>3> =5 GC2AB2C5B, B0: :0: C< 53> 2KA8BAO 2 A>75@F0=88, 8 <KA;L 53> 2A5340 :0: 1K 15A54C5B A :5< 4@C38<. !8< 4CE>2=K< C?>5=85< C?>520;8AL =5:>340 0?>AB>;K 8 <CG5=8:8; 8 >4=8 25AL <8@ >1>H;8, B@C4OAL 8 B5@?O ?>=>H5=8O, 0 4@C385 ?@>;8;8 :@>2L A2>N, :0: 2>4C 8, ?@5B5@?520O C60A=59H85 AB@040=8O, =5 2?040;8 2 <0;>4CH85, => 4>1;5AB=> 2A5 ?5@5=>A8;8 8, 1C4CG8 ?@5<C4@K, ?>G8B05<K 1K;8 =5@07C<=K<8. "0:>3> =0AB@>5=8O 40 A?>4>18B =0A 4>AB83=CBL >3! !?5@20 4>;6=> ?@8>1@5AB8 >65AB25==CN ;N1>2L, 0 ?>A;5 B>3> A>75@F0=85 4CE>2=>5 (2>AE>645=85 >B:@>25=89 2545=8O 8 B08=AB25==KE A>75@F0=89) 1C45B C =0A 5AB5AB25==>. CH0, :>B>@0O ;N18B >30, 2 >35, 8 2 5< 548=><, >1@5B05B A515 C?>:>5=85. >9AO >30 87 ;N128 : 5<C, 0 =5 ?> 3@>7=><C 8<5=8, <C ?@840==><C. ;03>A;>2;O9 2A5I0 CAB0<8 8 =5 1C4CB B51O 7;>A;>28BL, ?>B><C GB> >B 7;>A;>28O @>6405BAO 7;>A;>285, 0 >B 1;03>A;>25=8O  1;03>A;>25=85. @C3, >1;8G0NI89 B09=>,  <C4@K9 2@0G, 0 2@0GCNI89 ?@54 3;070<8 <=>38E 5ABL @C30B5;L. C4L 4@C65= A> 2A5<8 ;N4L<8, 0 <KA;LN A2>5N ?@51K209 >48=. 5 ?8B09 =5=028AB8 : 3@5H=8:C, ?>B><C GB> 2A5 <K ?>4;568< >B25BAB25==>AB8. A;8 2>AAB05HL =0 =53> @048 >30, B> ?;0GL > =5<.  4;O G53> B515 =5=02845BL 53>? 5=0284L 3@5E 53> 8 <>;8AL > =5<, GB>1K C?>4>18BLAO %@8ABC, >B>@K9 =5 3=520;AO =0 3@5H=8:>2, 0 <>;8;AO > =8E. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  A52>7<>6=> AB0@09AO > B><, GB>1K A;028;AO G@57 B51O B5F B2>9, 65 5ABL =0 =515A5E (D. 5,16). N1>2L : >3C  5ABL A8;L=59H89 2>71C48B5;L @52=>AB8 : 1>3>C3>645=8N. !2. 0?>AB>; A0< ?> A515 7=0;, GB> ;N1>2L A8;L=55 AB@0E0, 8 3>2>@8;: O C65 =5 1>NAL >30, => ;N1;N 3> (B> 5ABL =5 AB@0E>< ?>15640NAL, :0: 45@60BL A51O, => ;N1>2LN), 81> ;N1K 2>= 873>=O5B AB@0E (1 =. 4, 18).  4@C38E C156405B >=, GB>1K ?0G5 2A53> 2>A?8BK20;8 2 A515 ;N1>2L : >3C, :0: A8;C =5A>:@CH8<CN 8 =5 >B?040NICN. "0:, :>340 >4=064K A?@>A8;0 53> 1@0B8O: G5< ;CGH5 <>6=> C3>48BL >3C? >= >B25B8;: A0<>5 C3>4=>5 >3C 5ABL 45;> ;N128. 3> 8A?>;=O5B B>B, :B> =5?@5AB0==> E20;8B >30 2 G8ABKE ?><KH;5=8OE A2>8E, 2>71C6405<KE ?0<OBLN > >35, ?0<OBLN >1 >15B>20==KE 1;030E, 8 > 2A5<, GB> = 4;O =0A A>25@H8BL 1;03>2>;8;. B ?0<OB>20=8O > 2A5< MB>< @>6405BAO ;N1>2L ?>;=0O, :0: ?@54?8AK205BAO: 2>7;N18H8 >A?>40 >30 B2>53> >B 2A53> A5@4F0 B2>53> 8 >B 2A5O 4CH8 B2>5O 8 >B 2A5O A8;K B2>5O (B>@. 6,5), 8 :0: =0?8A0=>: O:>65 65;05B 5;5=L =0 8AB>G=8:8 2>4=KO, A8F5 65;05B 4CH0 <>O : "515, >65 (A. 41, 2). >B 45;>, :>B>@K< <K 4>;6=K 1;03>C3>640BL >3C, 40 8A?>;=OBAO 8 2 =0A A;>20 0?>AB>;0: :B> =K @07;CG8B >B ;N125 >68O? A:>@1L ;8, 8;8 B5A=>B0, 8;8 3>=5=85, 8;8 3;04, 8;8 =03>B0, 8;8 1540, 8;8 <5G? 8GB>65 ( 8<. 8, 35). @0B8O A?@>A8;8 A2. =B>=8O: «A;8 :B> A:065B: O =8G53> =5 1C4C 1@0BL C 1@0B88, 8 A0< =8G53> =5 1C4C 8< 4020BL,  4;O <5=O 4>AB0B>G=> <>53>; E>@>H> ;8 MB>?» !2. =B>=89 >B25G0;: «5B8 <>8! :B> B0:>2, B>B 65AB>: A5@4F5<, 8 4CH0 C =53>  4CH0 ;L20. 3> 4>;6=> AG8B0BL >BGC645==K< >B A>>1I5AB20 2A5E 4>1@KE ;N459». 5;8G09H55 87 157>1@0789 5ABL 157>1@0785 70?>254>20BL 4@C3><C 45;0BL B>, G53> A0< =5 8A?>;=O5HL, 81> =8:0:>9 =5 ?>;CG8< <K ?>;L7K >B GC68E 45;. B> =5 ?@8=8<05B =0AB02;5=88, =5 3>2>@8 8E B><C. !B0@09AO 4>AB83=CBL B>3>, GB>1K 2A5 ;N48 1;03>A;>2;O;8 B51O. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  @0B A:070;: GB> 4>;6=> 45;0BL, >BG5, GB>1 2>7<>GL =5?@5AB0==> 1KBL A >3><? !B0@5F >B25B8;: =52>7<>6=> C<C 2A5340 1KBL A 548=K< >3><, 5A;8 =5 ABO65B >= A;54CNI8E 4>1@>45B5;59: ;N128, 2>745@60=8O 8 <>;8B2K. N1>2L C:@>I05B 3=52, 2>745@60=85 8AACH05B ?>E>BL, 0 <>;8B20, >B@5H0O C< >B 2A5E ?><KH;5=89, =038< ?@54AB02;O5B 53> !0<><C >3C. -B8 B@8 4>1@>45B5;8 A>2<5I0NB 2 A515 2A5 ?@024K, 8 157 =8E C< =5 <>65B ?@51K20BL A 548=K< >3><. N1>2L 5ABL 1;03>5 @0A?>;>65=85 4CH8, ?> :>B>@><C >=0 =8G53> 87 ACI5AB2CNI53> =5 ?@54?>G8B05B ?>7=0=8N >30. > 2 B0:>5 ;N18B5;L=>5 =0AB@>5=85 =52>7<>6=> ?@89B8 B><C, :B> 8<55B ?@8AB@0AB85 : G5<C-;81> 75<=><C. N1>2L @>6405BAO >B 15AAB@0AB8O, 15AAB@0AB85 >B C?>20=8O =0 >30, C?>20=85 >B B5@?5=8O 8 25;8:>4CH8O, A88 ?>A;54=85 >B 2>745@60=8O 2> 2A5<, 2>745@60=85  >B AB@0E0 >68O, 0 AB@0E >B 25@K 2 >30. '59 C< ?@8;5?;5= : >3C ;N1>2LN, B>B =8 2> GB> AB028B 2A5 2848<>5, 4065 A0<>5 B5;> A2>5, :0: 1K GC6>5. ;065= C<, :>B>@K9, <8=CO 2A5 B20@8, =5?@5AB0==> CA;06405BAO >65AB25==>N :@0A>B>N. N1OI89 >30 0=35;LA:>N 687=LN =0 75<;5 6825B, ?>ABOAO 8 145=85 A>25@H0O, 8 > 2AO:>< G5;>25:5 2A5340 4>1@>5 ?><KH;OO. B> GB> ;N18B, B>B B> 8 >1JOBL 2AOG5A:8 65;05B, 0 2A5 ?@5?OBAB2CNI55 2 MB>< >BAB@0=O5B, 401K A53> =5 ;8H8BLAO. "0: 8 >30 ;N1OI89 ?5G5BAO > G8AB>9 <>;8B25, 0 2AO:CN AB@0ABL, ?>;030NICN 5<C 2 B>< ?@5?>=C, 87 A51O 8725@305B. @0B A:070;: «>B, >BG5, O >AB028; 2A5: @>4AB2>, 8<5=85, CB5E8 8 A;02C <8@0, B0: GB> C <5=O =8G53> =5B, :@><5 MB>3> B5;0; 8 >4=0:> 65 1@0B0, =5=0284OI53> <5=O 8 >B2@0I0NI53>AO >B <5=O, ;N18BL =5 <>3C, E>BO 8 =C6C A51O =0 45;5 =5 2>740BL 5<C 7;>< 70 7;>. !:068 <=5, GB> 4>;6=> <=5 A45;0BL, GB>1K O 2>7<>3 >B A5@4F0 ;N18BL B0:>3>, 40 8 2AO:>3> :0:8<-;81> >1@07>< >A:>@1;ONI53> <5=O 8 =025BCNI53> =0 <5=O». !B0@5F >B25B8;: «52>7<>6=> ;N18BL >A:>@1;ONI03> 4065 B><C, :B> >B@5:AO >B <8@0 8 >B 2A53>, GB> 2 <8@5, 5A;8 >= 8AB8==> =5 ?>7=05B F5;L >A?>4=N. >340 65 40AB 5<C >A?>4L ?>7=0BL 2A5 8 >= 2>7@52=C5B E>48BL ?> C:070=8N 55, B>340 2>7<>65B >= >B A5@4F0 ;N18BL =5=0284OI53> 8 >A:>@1;ONI53>, :0: ;N18;8 8 0?>AB>;K, 2>7;N182H85 55». ;O G53> 70?>2540; >A?>4L ;N18BL 2@03>2 (D. 5, 44)? ;O B>3>, GB>1K >A2>1>48BL B51O >B =5=028AB8, >3>@G5=8O, 3=520, ?0<OB>7;>18O 8 A?>4>18BL 25;8G09H53> ABO60=8O A>25@H5==>9 ;N128, :>B>@CN =52>7<>6=> 8<5BL B><C, :B> =5 2A5E G5;>25:>2 @02=> ;N18B, ?> ?@8<5@C >30, 2A5E ;N459 @02=> ;N1OI53> 8 E>BOI53> 2A5<... A?0AB8AO 8 2 ?>7=0=85 8AB8=K ?@89B8 (1 "8<. 2, 4). !>25@H5==0O ;N1>2L =5 @0745;O5B 548=>3> 5AB5AB20 G5;>25:>2 ?> @07;8G=K< 8E =@020<, => 2A5340 A<>B@O =0 >=>5, 2A5E G5;>25:>2 @02=> ;N18B: 4>1@KE ;N18B, :0: 4@C759, 0 =54>1@KE, :0: 2@03>2, 1;03>45B5;LAB2CO 8<, 4>;3>B5@?O, ?5@5=>AO 8<8 ?@8G8=O5<>5, >B=N4L =5 >B?;0G820O 8< 7;0, => 4065 AB@040O 70 =8E, :>340 A;CG09 2>AB@51C5B, 401K, 5A;8 2>7<>6=>, A>45;0BL 8 8E A515 4@C7LO<8; =>, 5A;8 8 =52>7<>6=>, >=0 2A5 65 =5 >BABC?05B >B A2>53> @0A?>;>65=8O : =8<, 2A5340 @02=> O2;OO ?;>4K ;N128 2A5< G5;>25:0<. "0: 8 >A?>4L =0H 8 >3 8ACA %@8AB>A, O2;OO !2>N : =0< ;N1>2L, ?>AB@040; 70 2A5 G5;>25G5AB2>, 8 2A5< @02=><5@=> 40@>20; =04564C 2>A:@5A5=8O, E>BO 2?@>G5< :064K9 A0< A51O 45;05B 4>AB>9=K< 8;8 A;02K 8;8 <CG5=8O 04A:>3>. =5<;8 A515, =5 2 B515 ;8 A0<><, 0 =5 2 1@0B5, :@>5BAO 7;>, @07;CG0NI55 B51O A 1@0B><, 8 ?>A?5H8 ?@8<8@8BLAO A =8<, 401K =5 >B?0ABL >B 70?>2548 ;N128. ;06. 804>E.  845; O =5:>53>, :>B>@K9 2A5 ?5G0;8;AO 8 ?;0:0;, GB> =5 ;N18B >30, :0: 1K 65;0;, B>340 :0: B0: ;N18B 3>, GB> =5?@5AB0==> =>A8B 2 4CH5 A2>59 ?;0<5==>5 65;0=85, GB>1K >48= >3 >AB020;AO 2 =5<, A0< 65 >= 1K; :0: =8GB>. "0:>2>9 =5 25405B, GB> B0:>5 >= 5ABL 8 A0<8<8 ?>E20;0<8, 5<C 87@5:05<K<8, =5 CA;06405BAO. 1> 2 25;8:>< 2>645;5=88 A<8@5=8O >= =5 ?>=8<05B A2>53> 4>AB>8=AB20, =>, A;C60 >3C, :0: 70:>= ?>25;5205B 85@5O<, A8;L=K< =5:88< @0A?>;>65=85< : 1>3>;N18N, >:@0405B ?0<OBL > A2>5< 4>AB>8=AB25, =5345 2> 3;C18=5 ;N128 : >3C, C:@K20O ?@8ACI55 B><C ?>E20;5=85 2 4CE5 A<8@5=8O, GB>1K 2 ?><KH;5=88 A2>5< 2A5340 :070BLAO ?@54 A>1>N =5:;NG8<K< @01><, :0: A>25@H5==> GC64><C B@51C5<>3> >B =53> 4>AB>8=AB20, ?> A8;L=><C 2>645;5=8N A<8@5=8O. "0: 459AB2CO, 8 =0< =04;568B 1530BL 2AO:>9 G5AB8 8 A;02K, @048 ?@587>18;L=>3> 1>30BAB20 ;N128 : >A?>4C, AB>;L =0A 2>7;N182H5<C  B> ;N18B >30 2 GC2AB25 A5@4F0, B>B ?>7=0= 5ABL >B 53>. 1>, ?>:>;8:C :B> 2 GC2AB25 A5@4F0 2>A?@85<;5B ;N1>2L : >3C, ?>B>;8:C 8 A0< ?@51K205B 2 ;N128 >6859. 1> =5?@5AB0==> 3>@O 2 A5@4F5 =58AB>I8<K< >3=5< ;N128, >= ?> =5>1E>48<>AB8 A5@45G=> ?@8;5?;5==K< ?@51K205B : >3C, A>25@H5==> >B@5H82H8AL >B ;N1;5=8O A51O A8;>N A59 : >3C ;N128. A;8 <K 2KE>48< 87 A51O,  3>2>@8B 0?. 025;,  B> 4;O >30; 5A;8 65 A:@><=K, B> 4;O 20A (2 >@. 5, 13). CH0, =5 >A2>1>482H8AL >B <8@A:8E 701>B, =8 >30 =5 2>7;N18B 8A:@5==>, =8 4802>;>< =5 2>7<5@78B :0: 4>AB>9=>. >?5G5=85 > 687=8 A59 ;568B =0 =59, :0: BO65;>5 ?>:@K20;>, 8 C< 55 =5 <>65B CAB0=>28BL 2 A515 A2>53> > A5< AC48;8I0, GB>1K C A51O A0<>3> >ICB8B5;L=> A;KH0BL 157>H81>G=K5 ?@83>2>@K AC40 A>25AB8. >G5<C 2AOG5A:8 ?>B@51=> C40;5=85 >B <8@0.  CE>2=K< A>75@F0=85< 40 ?@542>48B5;LAB2C5B 25@0, =045640 8 ;N1>2L, 8 =08?0G5  ;N1>2L; 81> 25@0 8 =045640 =0CG0NB B>;L:> ?@578@0BL 2848<K5 1;030, 0 ;N1>2L A0<CN 4CHC 4>1@>45B5;O<8 A>G5B0205B A >3><, C<=K< GC2AB2>< ?>AB830O 52848<>3>.  B> A51O ;N18B, B>B >30 ;N18BL =5 <>65B, 0 :B> A51O =5 ;N18B ?> ?@8G8=5 ?@587>18;L=>3> 1>30BAB20 ;N128 >6859, B>B B>;L:> 2>8AB8=C >30 ;N18B.  >340 :B> =0G=5B 1>30B> >ICI0BL ;N1>2L : >3C, B>340 2 GC2AB25 4CE>2=>< =0G8=05B >= 8 1;86=53> ;N18BL, 8, =0G02H8, =5 ?@5AB05B: B0:>20 ;N1>2L, > :>59 3>2>@OB 2A5 A2OBK5 ?8A0=8O. N1>2L ?;>BA:0O, =5 1C4CG8 A2O70=0 4CE>2=K< GC2AB2><, :0: B>;L:> ?@54AB028BAO A;CG09, 4065 :0:>9-=81C4L =57=0G8B5;L=K9 ?>2>4, >G5=L ;53:> 8A?0@O5BAO. N1>2L 65 4CE>2=0O =5 B0:>20: =>, E>BO A;CG8BAO ?>B5@?5BL :0:>5-;81> >3>@G5=85, 2 4CH5 1>3>;N182>9, A>AB>OI59 ?>4 2>7459AB285< >688<, A>N7 ;N128 =5 ?@5A5:05BAO, 81>, 2>73@52H8 A51O B5?;>B>N ;N128 : >3C, >=0 B>BG0A 2>72@0I05BAO : 1;03><C =0AB@>5=8N 8 A 25;8:>N @04>ABLN 2>A?@85<;5B ;N1>2L : 1;86=5<C, E>BO 8 =5<0;>5 >B =53> ?>;CG5=> 1K;> >A:>@1;5=85 8;8 ?>=5A5= 1>;LH>9 2@54; 81> B>340 A;04>AB8N >6859 A>25@H5==> ?>3;>I05BAO 3>@5GL @07;040. @5?. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  N1>2L A?@0254;82> =0720=0 <0B5@LN 4>1@>45B5;59, 3;02>N 70:>=0 8 ?@>@>:>2. >4K<5< 65 2AO:89 B@C4, ?>:0 C;CG8< ?@5?>4>1=CN ;N1>2L 8 G@57 =55 8AB>@3=5< 87 B8@0=AB20 AB@0AB59 8 =0 =515A0 27K45<, 2>7=>AOAL =0 :@K;LOE 4>1@>45B5;59, 8 >30 C7@8<, A:>;L:> MB> 4>ABC?=> 4;O G5;>25G5A:>3> 5AB5AB20. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  ;C1>:> CO7282H89AO ;N1>2LN : >3C =5 8<55B 4>AB0B>G=KE : C4>2;5B2>@5=8N A53> @0A?>;>65=8O A8; B5;0; 81> 2 B@C40E 8 ?>B0E ?>4286=8G5AB20 =5B =0AKI5=8O A5<C 53> @0A?>;>65=8N. 0E>4OAL 2 A>AB>O=88, ?>4>1=>< B><C, 2 :0:>< =0E>48BAO B><8<K9 :@09=5N 6064>N, =8G5< =5 <>65B >= 4> =0AKI5=8O C4>2;5B2>@8BL 2=CB@5==59 63CI59 53> 6064K; 45=L 8 =>GL 3>B>2 >= 1KBL 2 B@C40E, => A8;K B5;0 >AB02;ONB 53>. >;030N, GB> B0:8< 65 A25@EJ5AB5AB25==K< 60@>< ;N128 ?;5=5=K 1K2, 8 <CG5=8:8 %@8AB>2K =5 GC2AB2>20;8 <C: 8 =0AKI5=8O =5 8<5;8, ?@54020OAL 8<; => A0<8 A51O ?>15640;8 @0A?0;5==K< : >3C @25=85<, 8 2A5340 =0E>48;8, GB> AB@040=8O 8E 40;5:> >BAB>OB >B <5@K 8E ?;0<5==>3> 65;0=8O AB@040BL 70 >A?>40. 0G0;> ;N128 : >3C  ?@57@5=85 25I59 2848<KE 8 G5;>25G5A:8E; A@548=0  >G8I5=85 A5@4F0 8 C<0, >B :>53> <KA;5==>5 C<=KE >G59 >B:@KB85 8 ?>7=0=85 A>:@>25==>3> 2 =0A 515A=>3> &0@AB28O; 0 :>=5F  =5C45@68<>5 2>645;5=85 ?@55AB5AB25==KE 40@>2 >688E 8 5AB5AB25==>5 65;0=85 >1I5=8O A >3>< 8 C?>:>5=85 2 5<. 220 $0;0AA89.  #<, ABO602H89 4CE>2=CN ;N1>2L, =8G53> B0:>3> =5 4C<05B > 1;86=5<, GB> =5 ?@8;8G5AB2C5B ;N128.  AB8==CN ;N1>2L ABO60; B>B, :B> =8 ?>4>7@5=89, =8 A;>20 =5 4>?CA:05B ?@>B82 1;86=53>.  >4 284>< ;N128 A:@K205B ;8F5<5@85 B>B, :B> CAB0<8 1;03>A;>2;O5B, 0 A5@4F5< C=8G8605B.  5 CO72;O9 1@0B0 70304>G=K<8 ?>4>7@8B5;L=K<8 A;>20<8, 81> 8 A0< BK, 5A;8 A;CG8BAO, =5 ?5@5=5A5HL ?>4>1=>3>. !22. 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.  >5;8:C 2A5E 1;03 8;8 =@02AB25==KE 4>1@>B =0G0;>, A@548=0 8 :>=5F, 5A;8 E>G5HL, E>@>2>48B5;L 8 3;020@L, 5ABL 25@0, =045640 8 ;N1>2L  A8O B@8?;5B5==0O 8 1>3>B:0==0O 25@2L  ?0G5 65 2A5E ;N1>2L, ?>B><C GB> >3 ;N1K 5ABL (1 =. 4, 8), B> =5?@0254=> =5 2>A?>;=8BL 8<8, GB> 5I5 =5 4>AB05B 2 =0AB>OI5< A>G8=5=88; B5< ?0G5, GB> ?> A2. A00:C !8@8=C, «7025@H5=85 ?;>4>2 !2. CE0 B>340 1K205B, :>340 :B> A?>4>1;O5BAO A>25@H5==>9 ;N128». !2. 5AB28G=8: ?8H5B: «K=5 65 ?@51K20NB B@8 A8O, 2A5B5A=59H8< A>N7>< A2O7CNI85 8 45@60I85 2 =5<: 25@0, =045640 8 ;N1K, 1>;LH5 65 2A5E ;N1K, 81> 5N 8<5=C5BAO >3 (1 >@. 13; 1 =. 4). > <>5<C @07C<5=8N, ?5@20O 87 =8E 5ABL ;CG, 2B>@0O  A25B, 0 B@5BLO  :@C3; 2A5 65 >=8 >4=> ACBL A8O=85 8 >48= 1;5A:. 5@20O 2A5 <>65B B2>@8BL 8 CAB@>OBL; 2B>@CN <8;>ABL >68O >:@C605B 8 45;05B =5?>ABK4=>N; B@5BLO  =8:>340 =5 ?0405B, =5 ?5@5AB05B B5I8 8 CO72;5==><C 5N =5 405B ?>G8BL >B 1;065==>3> C?>5=8O».  !;>2> > ;N128 7=05<> =35;0<, => 8 ?> 459AB2C >A8O=8O >3 ;N1K 5ABL, 8 :B> E>G5B 87@5GL, :0:>2 ?@545; 55, B>B, 1C4CG8 A;5?, ?>:CH05BAO 8AG5ABL ?5A>: 2 1574=5 <>@A:>9. N1>2L, ?> :0G5AB2C A2>5<C, 5ABL C?>4>1;5=85 >3C, A:>;L:> >=> 4>ABC?=> 4;O A<5@B=KE; ?> 459AB2C  >?LO=5=85 4CH8; ?> A2>9AB2C  8AB>G=8: 25@K, 1574=0 4>;3>B5@?5=8O, <>@5 A<8@5=8O. N1>2L 8AB8==> 5ABL >B;>65=85 2AO:>3> ?@>B82=>3> ?><KH;5=8O, 81> ;N1K... =5 <KA;8B 7;0 (1 >@. 13, 5). N1>2L, 15AAB@0AB85 8 AK=>?>;>65=85 >4=8<8 8<5=0<8 @07;8G0NBAO. 0: A25B, >3=L 8 ?;0<O 2 >4=>< 459AB288 AE>4OBAO, B0: @07C<59 8 >1 MB8E. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  N18 >30 8 : A2>8< =5 1C4L ?@825@65= 1>;55, G5< : 5<C, GB>1K, ?> A;>2C 3>, =5 >:070BLAO B515 =54>AB>9=K< 3>, E>BO 8 =5 65;05HL BK A53>. ., !"!"/  #  "/ ABL ;N1>2L 2 4CH5 5AB5AB25==0O 8 5ABL >B !2. CE0, 2 =55 87;8205<0O. "0, 5A;8 70E>B8<, ?@8E>48B 2 A>@07<5@=>5 42865=85 8 >B =0H59 2>;8, ?>G5<C C4>1=> @0AE8I05BAO 7;K<8 4CE0<8, :>;L A:>@> ?5@5AB05< 2 CA8;5==>< =0?@O65=88 45@60BL A2>5 ?@>872>;5=85.  MB0 B0: ?;0<5=8B 4CHC ;N1>2LN : >3C, GB> 2A5 G0AB8 4CH8 ?@8;5?;ONBAO : =587@5G5==>9 A;04>AB8 >65AB25==>3> 2>7;N1;5=8O 2 157<5@=>9 =5:>59 ?@>AB>B5 @0A?>;>65=8O, 81> B>340 C<, :0: 1K G@520B 1K20O >B 4CE>2=>3> (1;03>40B=>3>) 459AB20 (M=5@388), 8AB>G05B >18;L=K9 =5:89 ?>B>: ;N128 8 @04>20=8O. .,   ;06. 804>E.  >340 :B> =0G8=05B 1>30B> >ICI0BL ;N1>2L : >3C, B>340 2 GC2AB25 4CE>2=>< =0G8=05B >= 8 1;86=53> ;N18BL 8, =0G02H8, =5 ?5@5AB05B: B0:>20 ;N1>2L, > :>59 3>2>@OB 2A5 A2OBK5 ?8A0=8O. N1>2L ?;>BA:0O, =5 1C4CG8 A2O70=0 4CE>2=K< GC2AB2><, :0: B>;L:> ?@54AB028BAO A;CG09, :0:>9 4065 =57=0G8B5;L=K9 ?>2>4, >G5=L ;53:> 8A?0@O5BAO. N1>2L 65 4CE>2=0O =5 B0:>20: => E>BO A;CG8BAO ?>B5@?5BL :0:>5-;81> >3>@G5=85, 2 4CH5 1>3>;N182>9, A>AB>OI59 ?>4 2>7459AB285< >688<, A>N7 ;N128 =5 ?@5A5:05BAO, 81> 2>73@52H8 A51O B5?;>B>N ;N128 : >3C, >=0 B>BG0A 2>72@0I05BAO : 1;03><C =0AB@>5=8N 8 A 25;8:>N @04>AB8N 2>A?@85<;5B ;N1>2L : 1;86=5<C,  E>BO 8 =5<0;>5 >B =53> ?>;CG5=> 1K;> >A:>@1;5=85 8;8 ?>=5A5= 1>;LH>9 2@54, ?>B><C GB> B>340 A;04>AB8N >6859 A>25@H5==> ?>3;>I05B 3>@5GL @07;040. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  >7;N18< 4@C3 4@C30 8 2>7;N1;5=K 1C45< >B >30. C45< 4>;3>B5@?5BL 4@C3 4@C3C, 8 = ?>4>;3>B5@?8B 3@5E0< =0H8<. 5 1C45< 2>74020BL 7;>< 70 7;>, 8 = =5 2>740AB =0< ?> 3@5E0< =0H8<. AB02;5=85 ?@53@5H5=89 =0H8E >1@5B5< 2 ?@>I5=88 1@0B8O<; 81> <8;>ABL >68O : =0< A>:@KB0 2 <8;>AB82>AB8 =0H59 : 1;86=8<. >G5<C 8 A:070; >A?>4L: >B?CI09B5, 8 >B?CABOB 20< (:. 1, 37).  0I5 1> >B?CI05B5 G5;>25:>< A>3@5H5=8O 8E, >B?CAB8B 8 20< B5F 20H =515A=K9 (D. 6,14). >A;5 A53> A?0A5=85 =0H5 C65 2 =0H59 2>;5.  A;8 ;N1>2L 8A:@5==5<C 7;0 =5 B2>@8B ( 8<. 13, 10), B> 70284CNI89 1@0BC, ?@82>48<K9 2 ?5G0;L 53> 4>1@>N A;02>N, ?><@0G0NI89 7;>@5G85< 8<O 53> 8;8 ?> 7;>=@028N =025BCNI89 =0 =53>, =5 45;05B ;8 A51O GC64K< ;N128 8 ?>28==K< 25G=><C >AC645=8N?  A;8 ;N1>2L 5ABL 8A?>;=5=85 70:>=0 ( 8<. 13,10), B> ?0<OB>7;>1AB2CNI89 =0 1@0B0, C3>B>2;ONI89 :>2K 5<C, ?@>:;8=0NI89 53> 8 @04CNI89AO ?045=8N 53>, =5 5ABL ;8 70:>=>?@5ABC?=8: 8 =5 4>AB>8= ;8 25G=>9 <C:8?  65;8 >:;525B0NI89 8 >AC640NI89 1@0B0 >:;525B05B 70:>= 8 >AC6405B 70:>= (0:. 4, 11), 70:>= 65 %@8AB>2 5ABL ;N1K (=. 13, 34), B> :;525B=8: =5 >B?0405B ;8 >B ;N128 %@8AB>2>9 8 =5 45;05BAO ;8 A0< 4;O A51O 28=>2=8:>< <C:8 25G=>9?  7 65 3;03>;N 20<, 3>2>@8B >A?>4L, ;N18B5 2@038 20H0... 4>1@> B2>@8B5 =5=0284OIK< 20A 8 <>;8B5AO 70 B2>@OI8E 20< =0?0ABL (D. 5, 44). ;O G53> 70?>2540; = A85? ;O B>3>, GB>1K >A2>1>48BL B51O >B =5=028AB8, >3>@G5=8O, 3=520, ?0<OB>7;>18O 8 A?>4>18BL 25;8G09H53> ABO60=8O A>25@H5==>9 ;N128, :>B>@>9 =5 2>7<>6=> 8<5BL B><C, :B> =5 2A5E G5;>25:>2 @02=> ;N18B, ?> ?@8<5@C >30, 2A5E G5;>25:>2 @02=> ;N1OI53> : E>BOI53> 2A5< A?0AB8AO 8 2 ?>7=0=85 8AB8=K ?@89B8 (1 "8<. 2, 4).  '5;>25:8 ?>E20;L=> 8;8 ?@54>AC48B5;L=> ;N1OB 4@C3 4@C30 ?> A;54CNI8< ?OB8 ?@8G8=0<: 8;8 4;O >30, :0: 4>1@>45B5;L=K9 ;N18B 2A5E, 0 4>1@>45B5;L=>3> ;N18B 4065 8 =5 4>1@>45B5;L=K9; 8;8 ?> 5AB5AB2C, :0: @>48B5;8 ;N1OB 45B59, 8 =0>1>@>B; 8;8 ?> BI5A;028N, :0: E20;8<K9 E20;OI53>; 8;8 87 :>@KAB8, :0: 1>30B>3> 70 ?>;CG:8; 8;8 ?> A;0AB>;N18N, :0: @01>B0NI89 G@52C, 8 B><C, GB> ?>4 G@52><, CAB@>ONI53> ?8@K. 5@20O 87 A8E ?>E20;L=0, 2B>@0O >1>N4=0, ?@>G85 AB@0AB=K.  !;CG8;>AL B515 8A:CH5=85 A> AB>@>=K 1@0B0, 8 >3>@G5=85 4>25;> B51O 4> =5=028AB8  =5 1C4L ?>15645= =5=028ABLN, => ?>1548 =5=028ABL ;N1>2LN. >1548BL 65 55 <>65HL B0:: 8A:@5==> <>;OAL > =5< >3C, ?@85<;O ?@8=>A8<>5 >B 1@0B0 8728=5=85, 8;8 A0< A51O 2@0GCO 8728=5=85< 53>, ?>AB0282H8 A0<>3> A51O 28=>2=8:>< 8A:CH5=8O 8 ?>;>682 B5@?5BL, ?>:0 ?@>945B >1;0:>.  5 1C4L A:>@ =0 >B25@65=85 4CE>2=>9 ;N128, 81> 8=>3> ?CB8 :> A?0A5=8N =5 >AB0;>AL G5;>25:0<.  0AB>@30NI85 ;N1>2L ?@8G8=K ACBL A;54CNI85: 15AG5AB85, ?@8G8=5==K9 C@>=, >:;525B0=85 8;8 25@K, 8;8 68B8O, ?>1>8, C40@K, @0=K 8 ?@>G.; 8 ?@8B><, :>340 A85 A;CG05BAO 8;8 A A0<8< :5<, 8;8 A :5< 87 @>4AB25==8:>2 53> 8 4@C759. 07@K20NI89 ;N1>2L ?> :0:>9-;81> 87 B0:>2KE ?@8G8= =5 ?>7=0; 5I5, :0:0O F5;L 70?>25459 %@8AB>2KE.  04;568B =0< B0: A51O A0<8E 8 4@C3 4@C30 GB8BL 8 ;N18BL, :0: !0< %@8AB>A ?5@2K9 !2>8< ?@8<5@>< ?>:070;, 1;03>2>;82 ?>AB@040BL 70 =0A.  A;8 E>G5HL 871028BLAO >B AB@0AB=KE ?><KA;>2, ABO68 2>745@60=85 8 ;N1>2L : 1;86=5<C. ! & #.) @5?>4>1=K9 A00: !8@8=.  / 1K; A?@>H5=, GB> B0:>5 A5@4F5 <8;CNI55, 8 A:070;: 2>73>@5=85 A5@4F0 C G5;>25:0 > 2A5< B2>@5=88, > G5;>25:0E, > ?B8F0E, > 682>B=KE, > 45<>=0E 8 2AO:>9 B20@8. @8 2>A?><8=0=88 > =8E 8 ?@8 2>77@5=88 =0 =8E >G8 C G5;>25:0 8AB>@30NB A;57K. B 25;8:>9 8 A8;L=>9 60;>AB8, >1J5<;NI59 A5@4F5, 8 >B 25;8:>3> B5@?5=8O C<8;O5BAO A5@4F5 53>, 8 =5 <>65B >= 2K=5AB8, 8;8 A;KH0BL, 8;8 2845BL :0:>3>-;81> 2@540 8;8 <0;>9 ?5G0;8, ?@5B5@?5205<>9 B20@LN.  ?>A5<C 8 > 15AA;>25A=KE, 8 > 2@030E 8AB8=K, 8 45;0NI8E 5<C 2@54 565G0A=> A> A;570<8 ?@8=>A8B <>;8B2C, GB>1K A>E@0=8;8AL 8 1K;8 ?><8;>20=K, 0 B0:65 8 > 5AB5AB25 ?@5A<K:0NI8EAO <>;8BAO A 25;8:>N 60;>ABLN, :0:0O 157 <5@K 2>71C6405BAO 2 A5@4F5 53> 4> C?>4>1;5=8O 2> 2A5< >3C. / @5?>4>1=K9 >0== 0AA80=.  !>25@H5==>5 ?>:0O=85 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K =5 45;0BL 1>;55 B5E 3@5E>2, 2 :>8E :05<AO 8 2 :>8E >1;8G05B =0A A>25ABL; 4>:070B5;LAB2>< 65 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O 70 =8E A =0H59 AB>@>=K 8 8E =0< ?@>I5=8O A;C68B 873=0=85 87 A5@45F =0H8E 8 A0<>3> A>GC2AB28O : =8<. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  5:B> 1K; A?@>H5=: GB> 5ABL ?>:0O=85?  >B25B8;: >AB02;5=85 ?@56=53> 8 ?5G0;L > =5<, B0:65  A5@4F5 A>:@CH5==>5 8 A<8@5==>5.  >340 G5;>25:, ?0<OBCO ?@56=85 3@5E8 A2>8, =0:07K205B A51O, B>340 >3 1;03>2>;8B5;L=> 278@05B =0 =53>. >3 @04C5BAO, GB> 70 C:;>=5=85 >B ?CB8 3> A0< G5;>25: =0;>68; =0:070=85, GB> A;C68B 7=0:>< ?>:0O=8O.  G5< 1>;55 ?@8=C6405B 4CH5 A2>59, B5< 1>;55 ?@8C<=>605BAO >3>< 1;03>2>;5=85 : =5<C.  >:0O=85 5ABL 2B>@0O 1;03>40BL 8 @>6405BAO >B 25@K 8 AB@0E0; AB@0E 65 5ABL >B5G5A:89 657;, C?@02;ONI89 =0<8, ?>:0 =5 4>AB83=5< 4CE>2=>3> @0O 1;03, ?>A;5 G53> >= >BE>48B >B =0A.  !<@04=>5 <>@5 <564C =0<8 8 <KA;5==K< @05< <>65< <K ?5@59B8 B>;L:> =0 ;04L5 ?>:0O=8O, =0 :>B>@>9 5ABL 3@51FK AB@0E0. > 5A;8 3@51FK AB@0E0 =5 ?@02OB :>@01;5< ?>:0O=8O, =0 :>B>@>< ?> <>@N <8@0 A53> ?@5E>48< : >3C, B> CB>?05< 2 MB>< A<@04=>< <>@5. >:0O=85 5ABL :>@01;L, 0 AB@0E  53> :>@<G89; ;N1>2L 65  >65AB25==0O ?@8AB0=L. !B@0E 22>48B =0A 2 :>@01;L ?>:0O=8O, ?5@52>78B ?> A<@04=><C <>@N 687=8 8 ?CB52>48B : >65AB25==>9 ?@8AB0=8, :>B>@0O 5ABL ;N1>2L.  A59 ?@8AB0=8 ?@8E>4OB 2A5, B@C4OI85AO 8 >1@5<5=5==K5,  ?>:0O=85<.  :>340 4>AB8305< <K ;N128, B>340 4>AB83;8 <K >30, 8 ?CBL =0H A>25@H5=. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  @0B A:070;: >BG53> MB>, >BG5, =5 8<5N A>:@CH5=8O? !B0@5F >B25B8;: >BB>3> GB> C =0A A B>1>N =5B AB@0E0 >68O ?@54 >G0<8 =0H8<8, >BB>3> GB> A45;0;8AL <K C1568I5< 2AO:>3> 7;0 8 AB@0H=K5 >689 ?@>I5=8O ?@578@05<, :0: ?CABK5 ?@54AB02;5=8O.  ;>4 ?>:0O=8O 5ABL 15AAB@0AB85 4CH8; 15AAB@0AB85 65 5ABL 873;0645=85 3@5E0. 5 8<55< 5I5 <K A>25@H5==>3> 15AAB@0AB8O, 5A;8 <K 8=>340 1K205< ABC605<K >B AB@0AB59, 0 8=>340  =5B. @5?. D@5< !8@88.  >:0O=85  ?@074=8: >3C, 81> 20=35;85 3>2>@8B, GB> >3 @04C5BAO 1>;55 > 548=>< 3@5H=8:5 :0NI5<AO, =565;8 > 452O=>AB> 452OB8 ?@0254=8:0E (:. 15, 7).  >:0O=85, B2>@O ?@074=8: >3C, ?@87K205B 8 =51> =0 ?8@. =35;K @04CNBAO, :>340 ?>:0O=85 ?@83;0H05B 8E =0 25G5@N. A5 =515A=K5 G8=K B>@65AB2CNB, 2>71C6405<K5 : 25A5;LN ?>:0O=85<.  5 3>2>@8: A53>4=O A>3@5HC, 0 702B@0 ?>:0NAL, => ;CGH5 A53>4=O ?>:05<AO, 81> =5 7=05<, 4>6825< ;8 4> 702B@0.  B ?@0@>48B5;L=>3> 3@5E0 >A2>1>48;8AL <K G@57 A2. :@5I5=85, >B B5E 65 3@5E>2, =0 :>B>@K5 45@70;8 <K ?> :@5I5=88, >A2>1>6405<AO =5 8=0G5, :0: ?>A@54AB2>< ?>:0O=8O. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  AC48< A51O  8 !C4LO C<8;>AB82;5=, 81> =, :0: 1;03>9, @04C5BAO, 284O, GB> 3@5H=8: @0AB>G05B 1@5<O A2>5.  A;8 A45;0=> =0<8 GB>-;81> =5G8AB>5, ><>5< MB> ?>:0O=85<, ?>B><C GB> >1@07 >689 4>;6=K <K ?@54AB028BL 2 A515 G8ABK<.  C4@ B>B G5;>25:, :>B>@K9 ?@5645 A>25@H5==>3> ?>:0O=8O =5 ?5@5AB05B A> A:>@1LN ?0<OB>20BL > 3@5E0E A2>8E 8 > ?@0254=>< 70 =8E 27KA:0=88 2 25G=>< >3=5. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  5=L 8 =>GL 1>;8 > 3@5E0E A2>8E.  5 >1@0I09 2 C<5 A2>5< 3@5E>2, =5:>340 A>25@H5==KE B>1>N, GB>1K >=8 >?OBL =5 2>7>1=>28;8AL. C4L C25@5=, GB> >=8 ?@>I5=K B515 2 B> 2@5<O, :>340 BK ?@540; A51O >3C 8 ?>:0O=8N, 8 =8<0;> 2 B>< =5 A><=5209AO. 1 C4>2>;LAB28OE 8 CB5E0E, :>B>@K< ?@54020;AO BK 2> 2@5<O =5@045=8O A2>53>, =5 2A?><8=09 8 @5G59 > B>< =5 702>48, 3>2>@O: O B> A45;0; 8;8 MB> =0@CH8;, 81> MB> <>65B ?>A;C68BL B515 2 ?@5B:=>25=85.  AB@0ABOE, :>B>@K< @01>B0; BK 2 <8@5, A>2A5< =5 ?><8=09, GB>1K >?OBL =5 2>71C48BL ?>E>B5=8O 8E 8 MB> =5 ?>A;C68;> 1K B515 2 A>1;07=. @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.  !>45O==K9 3@5E ?>GB8 B>BG0A A0< 3>=8B :0NI53>AO : >3C, :0: B>;L:> >= ?@8<5B 2 GC2AB2> 7;>2>=85, BO3>BC 8 =58AB>2AB2> 3@5E0. B> 65 =5 E>G5B ?@5:;>=8BLAO =0 ?>:0O=85, B>3> =5 3>=8B >= : >3C, 0 C45@68205B ?@8 A515 8 2O65B 53> =5@07@5H8<K<8 C70<8, 45;0O A8;L=59H8<8 8 ;NB59H8<8 ?03C1=K5 ?>65;0=8O.  >340 :B> 87 :@5?:> ?>42870NI8EAO 1C45B ?>15645=, 40 =5 ?0405B >= 4CE>< 8 40 =5 @0AA;01;O5BAO =@02><, => ?>4 459AB285< A;>2 A088, 2K?@O<OAL, 40 1;03>4CH5AB2C5B, B0:CN 2>A?520O ?5A=L: >3CI89, ?>:>@O9B5AO: >, ;C:02K5 15AK! I5 1> ?0:8 2>7<>65B5, ?0:8 ?>15645=8 1C45B5, 8 865 0I5 A>25B A>25I05B5, @07>@8B >A?>4L... O:> A =0<8 >3 (A. 8, 9-10). >3, 2>AAB02;ONI89 =8725@65==KE 8 70AB02;ONI89 2@03>2 =0H8E @0748@0BLAO A:>@1LN 8 4>A04>9, :>;L A:>@> ?>:05<AO.  0: <>65< <K ?@5>4>;5BL C:>@5=82H89AO ?@5645 3@5E? C6=> A0<>?@8=C645=85. 1> 3>2>@8BAO: C6 2 B@C45E B@C6405BAO A515 8 87=C6405B (=0A8;L=> ?@>3>=O5B) ?>3815;L A2>N (@8BG. 16, 26), 2A5340 ;N1>?@OAO 2>72>48BL ?><KA;K A2>8 3>@5 : A2OBK=5. 0A8;85 =0A8;85< @07@CH0BL =5 2>A?@5I5=> 70:>=0<8 (=0A8;85 3@5E0 =0A8;85< 4>1@KE AB@5<;5=89). ;06. 0220 >A8<0.   CAB@5<;5=8OE ?@>872>;5=88 2AO A8;0. >@OG55 ?@>872>;5=85 2 >48= G0A <>65B ?@8=5AB8 >3C 1>;55 1;03>C3>4=>3> <C, =565;8 B@C4K 4>;3>3> 2@5<5=8 157 =53>. @>872>;5=85 2O;>5 8 ;5=82>5 157459AB25==>.  A;8 :B> 0DCA08;>2K ?@>6825B ;5B0, 0 =5 1C45B H5AB2>20BL B5< ?@O<K< ?CB5<, :0:8< H5AB2>20;8 2A5 A2OBK5, 3>2>@N > ?CB8 >15AG5AB2>20=8O 8 =5A?@0254;82KE C:>@>2 8 <C65AB25==>3> 8E ?@5B5@?520=8O, B>B =5 ?@5CA?55B =8 <=>3> =8 <0;> 8 =5 >1@5B5B A>:@KB>3> 2 70?>254OE A>:@>28I0, 0 B>;L:> =0?@0A=> ?>B@0B8B 2A5 ;5B0 687=8 A2>59. ;8O :48:.  >B>@K5 =5 8<5NB @0A?>;>65=8O ?@8=>A8BL ?>:0O=85, B5 G0I5 8 3@5H0B; 0 :>B>@K5 =5 ?> @0A?>;>65=8N 3@5H0B, B5< C4>1>8A?>;=8<>5 ?>:0O=85, 2 :>B>@>< : B><C 65 @54:> 8 ?>B@51=>ABL 1K205B. =>:8 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.   ?>A:>;L7=>25=88 A2. A00: !8@8= 3>2>@8B: «5 B>340 1C45< ?5G0;8BLAO, :>340 ?>A:>;L7=5<AO 2 G5<-;81>, => :>340 70:>A=5205<, ?>B><C GB> ?>A:>;L7=>25=85 1K205B G0AB> 8 A A>25@H5==K<8, 0 70:>A=520BL 2 B>< 65 5ABL A>25@H5==>5 C<5@B285. 5G0;L 65, :0:CN GC2AB2C5< > A2>8E ?>A:>;L7=>25=8OE, 2<5AB> G8AB>3> 45;0=8O, 2<5=O5BAO =0< ?> 1;03>40B8. B> 2 =045645 =0 ?>:0O=85 ?>A:>;L7=5BAO 2B>@8G=>, B>B ;C:02> ?>ABC?05B A >3><. 5254><> =0?0405B =0 B0:>3> A<5@BL 8 =5 >AB02;O5B 5<C 2@5<5=8, GB>1K, :0: =045O;AO >=, ?>:0OBLAO 8 8A?>;=8BL 45;0 4>1@>45B5;8». = 65 (A2. A00: !8@8=) 3>2>@8B: «65G0A=> =04;568B =0< 7=0BL, GB> 2 A88 24 G0A0 4=O 8 =>G8 <K 8<55< =C64C 2 ?>:0O=88. =0G5=85 65 A;>20 ?>:0O=85, :0: 4C<0;8 <K 87 459AB28B5;L=>3> A2>9AB20 25I59, B0:>2>: >=> 5ABL A 8A?>;=5==>N A>:@CH5=8O <>;8B2>N ?@81;860NI55AO : >3C =5>A;01=>5 ?@>H5=85 >1 >AB02;5=88 ?@>H54H53> 8 1>;57=>20=85 > E@0=5=88 1C4CI53>. ;03>40BL =0 1;03>40BL ;N4O< ?> :@5I5=88 40=> ?>:0O=85, 81> ?>:0O=85 5ABL 2B>@>5 @>645=85 >B >30». @5?. $5>3=>AB.  5 1C45< <K =0:070=K 2 1C4CI5< 25:5 70 B>, GB> 3@5H8;8, 8 =5 1C45< >AC645=K ?> A59 ?@8G8=5, ?>;CG82 5AB5AB2> 87<5=G82>5 8 =5?>AB>O==>5; =>  70 B>, GB>, A>3@5H82, =5 ?>:0O;8AL 8 =5 >1@0B8;8AL >B 7;>3> ?CB8 : >A?>4C, ?>;CG82 2;0ABL 8 2@5<O 8<5O =0 ?>:0O=85. >3 1;03 8 <8;>A5@4 : :0NI8<AO, E>BO 87>1@0605BAO = C3@>60NI8< 8 3=520NI8<AO; => MB>  =0 7;> 8 3@5E, 0 =5 =0 =0A, :>B>@KE 2A5340 3>B>2 ?@8=OBL, :>;L A:>@> C2848B A;57C A>:@CH5=8O =0 ;8F5 =0H5<. >340 A;CG09=> ?>H0B=5HLAO 2 4>1@>< AB>O=88, =5 B@5?5I8, 0 2K?@O<8AL ?>A:>@55, A?5H8 2>72@0B8BLAO : ?@56=5<C 1;03>CAB@>5=8N ?5G0;LN, 60;5=85<, A0<>C:>@5=85< 8 A;57 4>2>;L=K< 87;8O=85< 2 A>:@CH5=88 4CE0; 2 A8;C :>8E, 8AH54H8 87 A;CG82H53>AO ?045=8O, 2=845HL 2 ;>=> A?0A8B5;L=>3> @04>20=8O, ?>;030O 2 A5@4F5 2?5@54 B25@4> AB>OBL, GB>1K, >?OBL ?@>3=5202 >30 !C4LN, =5 8<5BL =C64K 2 A;570E 8 A>:@CH5=88 2 >G8I5=88; 81> 5A;8 745AL MB>3> =5 1C45B, B> 2A5:>=5G=> 2 1C4CI5< =5 <8=>20BL B0< <C: 4>AB>9=KE. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  @5645 ?045=8O 2 3@5E 15AK ?@54AB02;ONB =0< >30 G5;>25:>;N182K<, 0 ?>A;5 ?045=8O ?@8ABC?=> AB@>38<. !2. @83>@89 !8=08B.  :CA8BL <CG5=85 A>25AB8 745AL 8;8 2 1C4CI5< =5 2A5E C45;, 0 >4=8E B5E, :>8 ?>3@5H0NB ?@>B82 25@K 8 ;N128. =0, 45@60 <5G @52=>AB8 8 >1;8G5=8O >1=065==K<, 157 60;>AB8 <CG8B. B> ?@>B828BAO 3@5EC 8 ?;>B8, B>3> >=0 CB5H05B, 0 :B> ?>4G8=O5BAO 8<, B5E <CG5=8O 55 ?@5A;54CNB, ?>:0 =5 ?>:0NBAO.  5A;8 =5 ?>:0NBAO, <CG5=85 ?5@5E>48B A =8<8 2 4@C3CN 687=L 8 B0< ?@>4;8BAO 2>25:8. ;06. 804>E.  "5 87 =0A, :>B>@K5 A>45;0;8AL ?@8G0AB=8:0<8 A2OB>3> 2545=8O, 2A5:>=5G=> 4>;6=K 1C45< >B40BL >BG5B 8 2 =52>;L=KE ?0@5=8OE C<0, :0: 3>2>@8B >2: 07=0<5=0; 65 ecu, 0I5 GB> =52>;5N ?@5ABC?8E (>2. 14,17) 8 ?@0254=>. 1>, 5A;8 :B> 1C45B 2A5340 ?0<OB>20BL > >35 8 =5 1C45B =51@5GL > A2. 3> 70?>254OE, B>B =8 2 =52>;L=K9, =8 2 2>;L=K9 3@5E =5 2?045B. 04;568B =0< B>BG0A 8 > =52>;L=KE ?045=8OE A>:@CH5==>5 8A?>2540=85 ?@8=>A8BL ;04K:5, ?@8;030O 53> : A>25@H5=8N >1KG=>3> =0G0;0 <>;8B25==>3> ?@028;0. A;8 65 =5 1C45< 4>AB>4>;6=> 8 >1 MB8E =52>;L=KE 3@5E0E 8A?>254>20BLAO, B> 2> 2@5<O 8AE>40 =0H53> AB@0E =5:89 =5>?@545;5==K9 =0945< 2 A515.  =0<, ;N1OI8< >A?>40, =04;568B 65;0BL 8 <>;8BLAO, GB>1K 2 B> 2@5<O >:070BLAO =5?@8G0AB=K<8 =8:0:><C AB@0EC,  81> :B> B>340 1C45B =0E>48BLAO 2 AB@0E5, B>B =5 ?@>945B A2>1>4=> <8<> :=O759 04A:8E, ?>B><C GB> MBC 1>O7;82>ABL 4CH8 >=8 AG8B0NB 70 ?@87=0: A>CG0AB8O 55 2 8E 7;5, :0: MB> 2 =8E A0<8E 5ABL. 1@04>205<0O 65 ;N1>2LN >30 4CH0, 2 G0A @07;CG5=8O >B B5;0, A 0=35;0<8 <8@0 =5A5BAO 2KH5 2A5E B5<=KE ?>;G8I, ?>B><C GB> B0:0O 4CH0 =5:0:> >:@K;5=0 1K205B 4CE>2=>9 ;N1>2LN, 8<5O 2 A59 ;N128 ?>;=>5, 157 2AO:>3> =54>AB0B:0, 8A?>;=5=85 70:>=0. >G5<C 8AE>4OI85 87 A59 687=8 A B0:8< 45@7=>25=85< 8 2> 2B>@>5 ?@8H5AB285 >A?>4=5 2>AE8I5=K 1C4CB A> 2A5<8 A2OBK<8. "5 65, :>B>@K5 2> 2@5<O A<5@B8 E>BO <0;> ?>@0605<K 1K20NB AB@0E><, 1C4CB >AB02;5=K B>340 2 B>;?5 2A5E 4@C38E ;N459, :0: A>AB>OI85 ?>4 AC4><, GB>1 8A?KB0=K 1K2 >3=5< AC40, 4>;6=K9 8<, ?> 45;0< 8E, C45; ?>;CG8;8 >B 1;03>3> >30. !  @5?>4>1=K9 =B>=89 5;8:89.  A;8 2 G5;>25:5 =5 1C45B :@09=53> A<8@5=8O  A<8@5=8O 2A5< A5@4F5<, 2A5< C<><, 2A5< 4CE><, 2A5N 4CH>N 8 B5;><  B> >= &0@AB28O >68O =5 =0A;548B.  >7;N18 A<8@5=85, 8 >=> ?>:@>5B 2A5 3@5E8 B2>8. 5 70284C9 B><C, :B> 845B 225@E, => ;CGH5 AG8B09 2A5E ;N459 2KAH8<8 A51O, GB>1K A B>1>N 1K; !0< >3.  C4L 2> 2A5< A<8@5= 2 >A0=:5, 2 >45645, 2 A845=88, 2 AB>O=88, 2 ?>E>4:5, 2 :5;88 8 2> 2A5E ?@8=04;56=>ABOE 55. A;8 AB0=CB E20;8BL B51O 70 45;0 B2>8, =5 @04C9AO B><C 8 =5 CA;06409AO B5<, CB08209 8E A:>;L:> <>65HL, =5 ?>72>;O9 A515 :><C-;81> 3>2>@8BL > =8E 8 2AOG5A:8 ?>AB0@09AO 4>AB83=CBL B>3>, GB>1K ;N48 =5 E20;8;8 B51O. >9AO A45;0BLAO 8725AB=K< ?> :0:><C-;81> 87 45; B2>8E.  A;8 :B> C:>@O5B B51O 15728==> 2 :0:>< 3@5E5, A<8@8 A51O, 8 ?>;CG8HL 25=5F.  02K:=8, GB>1 O7K: B2>9 2> 2A5E A;CG0OE, 2> 2AO:>5 2@5<O 8 2AO:><C 1@0BC 3>2>@8;: «@>AB8 <=5».  N18 B@C4K, 2A5< A51O ?>4G8=O9, CAB0 A2>8 45@68 70:;NG5==K<8 8 4>AB83=5HL A<8@5=8O. !<8@5=85 65 ?@82;5G5B >B?CI5=85 2A5E 3@5E>2 B2>8E.  @5645 2A53>, =5 AG8B09 A51O G5<-;81>,  8 MB> ?>@>48B 2 B515 A<8@5=85; A<8@5=85 65  =0C:C (>?KB=>ABL 8 74@02><KA;85); =0C:0 65  25@C; 25@0  C?>20=85; C?>20=85  ;N1>2L; ;N1>2L  ?>28=>25=85; ?>28=>25=85 @>48B =587<5==>5 ?>AB>O=AB2> (B25@4>ABL 2 4>1@5).  A;8 ?>428705<AO 4>1@K< ?>4283><, B> 4>;6=> =0< :@09=5 A<8@OBLAO ?@54 >3><, GB>1K =, 2540NI89 =5<>IL =0HC, ?>:@K20; =0A 45A=8F5N !2>5N 8 E@0=8;; 81> 5A;8 2>7=5A5<AO 3>@4>ABLN, = >B=8<5B ?>:@>2 !2>9 >B =0A, 8 <K ?>381=5<.  A;8 :B> 15@5B =0 A51O ?>4283 <>;G0=8O, ?CABL =5 4C<05B, GB> ?@>E>48B :0:CN 4>1@>45B5;L, => ?CABL 45@68B 2 A5@4F5, GB> ?>B><C <>;G8B, GB> =5 4>AB>8= 3>2>@8BL.  !2. =B>=89 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K CA;KH0; 3;0A: «=B>=89, BK 5I5 =5 ?@8H5; 2 <5@C 10H<0G=8:0 2 ;5:A0=4@88». =B>=89 =0H5; 10H<0G=8:0 8 C1548; 53> >B:@KBL, GB> 5ABL >A>15==>3> 2 53> 687=8. ">B A:070;: «/ =5 7=0N, GB>1K :>340-=81C4L 45;0; :0:>5-;81> 4>1@>. >G5<C, 2AB02H8 CB@>< A ?>AB5;8, ?@5645 G5< AO4C 70 @01>BC, 3>2>@N: «A5 2 MB>< 3>@>45 >B <0;0 4> 25;8:0 2>94CB 2 &0@AB2> >685 70 A2>8 4>1@K5 45;0: >48= O 70 3@5E8 <>8 >AC645= 1C4C =0 25G=K5 <C:8». -B> 65 A0<>5 A> 2A5N 8A:@5==>ABLN A5@45G=> ?>2B>@ON O 8 25G5@><, ?@5645 G5< ;O3C A?0BL». #A;KH02 MB>, A2. =B>=89 A>7=0;, GB> B>G=> =5 4>H5; 5I5 2 B0:CN <5@C. @5?. D@5< !8@88.  >74020O >68O >3>28, =5 ?@52>7=>A8AL; =>, <>;OAL >A?>4C, 3>2>@8: «"2>O >B "2>8E ?@8=>HC "515, ;04K:>, 8 C "51O B>;L:> 8IC 87102;5=8O 4CH8».  >7=09, :0: ?@5:@0A=> A<8@5==><C4@85, 8 53> 8715@8 A515, ?>B><C GB> >=> 2>72>48B : =51C. >1@0O =03@040 ?@54;>65=0 B515 70 A<8@5==><C4@85  &0@AB2> 515A=>5: =5 2>7=5@048 > =5<!  5 2 B@C40E >4=8E O2;O5BAO >3, => ?@8 =8E 2 ?@>AB>B5 8 A<8@5=88, E>BO, A8;0 >68O 2 =5<>I8 A>25@H05BAO (2 >@. 12, 9), => =5A<8@5==><C4@>3> 45;0B5;O >B@8=5B >A?>4L. !22. 0@A>=>D89 8 >0==.  > 2A5E A;CG0OE 1C45< ?@81530BL : A<8@5=8N, 81> A<8@5==K9 ;568B =0 75<;5, 0 ;560I89 =0 75<;5 :C40 <>65B C?0ABL? 0E>4OI5<CAO 65 =0 2KA>B5 C4>1=> ?0ABL. A;8 <K >1@0B8;8AL 8 8A?@028;8AL  MB> =5 >B =0A  >689 40@, 81> >A?>4L C<C4@O5B A;5?FK: >A?>4L 2>72>48B =8725@65==KO (A. 145, 8).  >G8B0BL =04;568B A51O 3@5H=8:>< ?0G5 2A5E 3@5H=8:>2, =5 A45;02H8< =8G53> E>@>H53> ?5@54 >3><, C:>@OBL A51O 2> 2AO:>5 2@5<O, =0 2AO:>< <5AB5 8 70 2AO:>5 45;>, =8:>3> =5 EC;8BL 8 =5 =0E>48BL =0 75<;5 G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9 1K; 1K 3@5H=55 8 =5@048255 B51O A0<>3>. @5?. A00: !8@88.  AB8==K5 ?@0254=8:8 2A5340 ?><KH;ONB 2 A515, GB> =54>AB>9=K >=8 >30, 8 A0<>5 B>, GB> >=8 8AB8==K5 ?@0254=8:8, 4>7=05BAO 87 B>3>, GB> >=8 ?@87=0NB A51O >:0O==K<8 8 =54>AB>9=K<8 ?>?5G5=8O >68O 8 8A?>254CNB A85 B09=> 8 O2=> C<C4@ONBAO =0 A85 !2. CE><, GB>1K ?@51K20BL 2 B@C45 8 B5A=>B5, ?>:0 =0E>4OBAO 2 687=8 A59. @5<O 65 C?>:>5=8O >3 A>1;N; 8< 2 1C4CI5< 25:5.  8<5NI85 2 A515 682CI53> >A?>40 ?>A5<C A0<><C =5 65;0NB 1KBL 2 ?>:>5 8 >A2>1>48BLAO >B A:>@18, E>BO ?> 2@5<5=0< 8 405BAO 8< B08=AB25==>5 CB5H5=85 2 4CE>2=><. >AB83 ;8 :B> A<8@5=8O, C7=05B >= 87 B>3>, 5A;8 =0E>48B 4;O A51O 3=CA=K< C3>640BL <8@C A2>8< >1I5=85< A =8< 8;8 A;>2>< 8 5A;8 2 3;070E 53> =5=028AB=0 A;020 <8@0 A53>. !B@0==8G5A:0O 687=L, =8I5B0 8 ?@51K20=85 2 C548=5=88  2>B >B G53> @>6405BAO A<8@5=85 8 >G8I05BAO A5@4F5.  !<8@5==><C4@85, ?> ?@8G8=5 ?>AB>O==>3> A0<>>3@0=8G5=8O (2>745@60=85, =8I5B0 2 >45645 8 ?@>G.), ?@8E>48B 2 A>75@F0=85 8 4CHC C:@0H05B F5;><C4@85<.  B> A> A<8@5=85< B5@?8B 2>72>48<K5 =0 =53> >128=5=8O, B>B 4>AB83 A>25@H5=AB20, 8 5<C C482;ONBAO A2. =35;K. 1> =8:0:0O 8=0O 4>1@>45B5;L =5 1C45B AB>;L 2KA>:0 8 =5C4>1>8A?>;=8<0. B> 8AB8==> A<8@5==><C4@, B>B, 1C4CG8 >=5>?@024>20=, =5 2>7<CI05BAO 8 =5 3>2>@8B 2 A2>N 70I8BC > B><, 2 G5< >=5>?@024>20=, => ?@8=8<05B :;525BC :0: 8AB8=C 8 =5 AB0@05BAO C25@OBL ;N459, GB> >:;525B0=, 0 ?@>A8B ?@>I5=8O.  '5;>25:, 4>AB83H89 B>3>, GB>1K ?>7=0BL <5@C A2>59 =5<>I8, 4>AB83 A>25@H5=AB20 A<8@5=8O.  ;03>40B8 ?@54H5AB2C5B A<8@5=85, 0 =0:070=8N  A0<><=5=85.  K205B A<8@5=85 ?> AB@0EC >68N, 1K205B 87 ;N128 : >3C 8 1K205B ?> @04>AB8.  !>1@0=85 A<8@5==KE 2>7;N1;5=> >3><, :0: A>1>@ !5@0D8<>2.  !<8@5=85 8 F5;><C4@85 C3>B>2;ONB 2 4CH5 4;O !2. "@>8FK >1@CG0;L=K9 70;>3. 220 >@>D59.  5:B> 87 AB0@F52 A:070;: «@5645 2A53> =C6=> =0< A<8@5=85». >G5<C >= =5 A:070; > 4@C3>9 :0:>9 4>1@>45B5;8? !B0@5F ?>:07K205B =0< A8<, GB> =8 AB@0E >689, =8 <8;>ABK=O, =8 25@0, =8 2>745@60=85, =8 4@C30O :0:0O-;81> 4>1@>45B5;L =5 <>65B 1KBL A>25@H5=0 157 A<8@5==><C4@8O. !<8@5==><C4@85< 65 A>:@CH0NBAO 8 2A5 AB@5;K 2@030 8 ?@>B82=8:0. A5 A2OBK5 H5AB2>20;8 A8< ?CB5< 53> 8 B@C4><. 864L A<8@5=85 <>5 8 B@C4 <>9, u >AB028 2AO 3@5E8 <>O,  27K205B 0284 8 5I5: !<8@8EAO, 8 A?0A5 <O >A?>4L (A. 24, 18; 114, 5).  ">B 65 AB0@5F A:070;: «!<8@5=85 =8 =0 :>3> =5 3=5205BAO 8 =8:>3> =5 ?@>3=52;O5B. !<8@5=85 ?@82;5:05B =0 4CHC 1;03>40BL >68N. ;03>40BL 65 >68O ?@8H54H8, 87102;O5B 4CHC >B A8E 42CE BO6:8E AB@0AB59. 1> GB> <>65B 1KBL 1>;55 BO6:8<, :0: 3=520BLAO =0 1;86=53> 8 ?@>3=52;OBL 53>? => 87102;O5B 4CHC 8 >B 2AO:>9 AB@0AB8, 8 >B 2AO:>3> 8A:CH5=8O».  >340 A2. =B>=89 C2845; @0A?@>AB5@BK<8 2A5 A5B8 4802>;0 8, 274>E=C2, 2>?@>A8; >30: «B> 65 8715305B 8E?»  B> >3 >B25B8; 5<C: «!<8@5=85 8715305B 8E»; 8, GB> 5I5 1>;55 C4828B5;L=>, ?@8A>2>:C?8;: «=8 4065 =5 ?@8:0A0NBAO 5<C». >8AB8=5, =5B =8G53> :@5?G5 A<8@5==><C4@8O, =8GB> =5 ?>156405B 53>. A;8 A> A<8@5==K< A;CG8BAO GB> A:>@1=>5, >= B>BG0A A51O >AC6405B, GB> 4>AB>8= B>3>,  8 =5 AB0=5B C:>@OBL =8:>3>, =5 1C45B =0 4@C3>3> 2>7;030BL 28=C. "0:8< >1@07><, ?5@5=>A8B >= A;CG82H55AO 157 A<CI5=8O, 157 A:>@18, A A>25@H5==K< A?>:>9AB285<, 0 ?>B><C 8 =5 3=5205BAO =8 =0 :>3> 8 =8:>3> =5 ?@>3=52;O5B. !<8@5=8O 420. 5@2>5 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K ?>G8B0BL 1@0B0 A2>53> @07C<=55 8 ?> 2A5<C ?@52>AE>4=55 B51O 8;8 ?>G8B0BL A51O =865 2A5E. B>@>5 65  GB>1K A2>8 ?>42838 ?@8?8AK20BL >3C  MB> 5ABL A>25@H5==>5 A<8@5=85 A2OB>AB8. !>25@H5==>5 A<8@5=85 @>6405BAO >B 8A?>;=5=8O 70?>25459. !2OBK5, G5< 1>;55 ?@81;860NBAO : >3C, B5< 1>;55 284OB A51O 3@5H=K<8. "0:, 2@00<, :>340 C2845; >A?>40, =0720; A51O 75<;5N 8 ?5?;>< (KB, 18. 27), A08O, C28452 >30 ?@52>7=5A5==>3>, 2>7720;: «:0O==K9 8 =5G8ABK9 5A<L 07» (A. 6, 5).  >340 0220 30D>= ?@81;860;AO : :>=G8=5 8 1@0B8O A:070;8 5<C: « BK ;8 1>8HLAO, >BG5?»  B> >= >B25B8;; «!:>;L:> <>3C, O ?>=C640; A51O A>E@0=OBL 70?>2548, => O G5;>25: 8 ?>G5<C <>3C 7=0BL, C3>4=> ;8 >3C 45;0 <>5? 1> 8=>9 AC4 >689, 8 8=>9  G5;>25G5A:89». !B0@5F, 1K2 A?@>H5=: «'B> 3;02=>3> 87 =0945==>3> B>1>N =0 ?CB8 A5<, >BG5?»  >B25B8;: «">, GB>1K 2> 2A5< C:>@OBL A51O». "0: 8 0220 8<5= A:070; A> AB5=0=85<: «A5 4>1@>45B5;8 2>H;8 2 4>< A59, => 157 >4=>9 4>1@>45B5;8 B@C4=> CAB>OBL G5;>25:C».  «0:0O 65 MB> 4>1@>45B5;L?»  A?@>A8;8 53>. = >B25B8;: «"0, GB>1K G5;>25: C:>@O; A51O».  A2. =B>=89 A:070;: «5;8:> 45;0=85  2>7;030BL ?@54 ;8F> >30 A>3@5H5=8O A2>8 =0 A51O 8 4> ?>A;54=53> 874KE0=8O >6840BL 8A:CH5=8O».  25745 =0E>48<, GB> >BFK =0H8 >1@5B0;8 ?>:>9 >BB>3>, GB>, 2>7;>682 =0 >30 2A5, 4065 8 A0<>5 <0;>5, >=8 2A5340 A>1;N40;8 ?@028;>  A51O 2> 2A5< C:>@OBL. ;06. 0220 >A8<0.  4=064K A?@>A8;8 022C: «0: 4>AB83=CBL B>3>, GB>1K =5 3=520BLAO, :>340 C=860NB 8 7;>A;>2OB 4@C385?» = >B25G0;: «B> 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< 8<55B A51O =8GB>6=59H8<, B>B =8:0:8< C=865=85< =5 2>7<CI05BAO, :0: A:070; 0220 8<5=: 5A;8 C=8G868HL A51O, 1C45HL 8<5BL ?>:>9». ;06. 804>E.  5;53:> ?@8>1@5B05<>5 45;> 5ABL A<8@5=85, 81>, G5< 2KH5 >=>, B5< 1>;LH8E B@C4>2 B@51C5B ABO60=85 53>. @8E>48B 65 >=> : ?@8G0AB=8:0< A2. 2545=8O 42C<O A?>A>10<8: 1) :>340 ?>4286=8: 1;03>G5AB8O =0E>48BAO 2 A@548=5 4CE>2=>3> ?@5CA?5=8O, B>340 A<8@5==59H55 > A515 <C4@>20=85 45@68BAO C =53> 8;8 @048 =5<>I8 B5;5A=>9, 8;8 @048 =5?@8OB=>AB8 A> AB>@>=K 2@064CNI8E =0 @52=8B5;59 > ?@0254=>9 687=8, 8;8 @048 ;C:02KE ?><KA;>2; 2) :>340 65 C< 2 ?>;=>< GC2AB25 8 C4>AB>25@8B5;L=> >70@8BAO A2. 1;03>40B8N, B>340 4CH0 =0G8=05B 8<5BL A<8@5==><C4@85 :0: 1K 5AB5AB25==K< A2>8< @0A?>;>65=85<. 1>, 1C4CG8 =0?>O5<0 8 =0AKI05<0 >65AB25==>N 1;03>40B8N, ?> 1;03>AB8 >6859, =5 <>65B C65 =04K<0BLAO 8 =0?KI0BLAO A;02>;N185<, E>BO 1K =5?@5AB0==> 8A?>;=O;0 70?>2548 >689, => ?>G8B05B A51O =8GB>6=59H5N ?0G5 2A5E, 2 GC2AB25 >1I5=8O >65AB25==>9 1;03>ABK=8 (GB> >=0 B0:>20 ?> <8;>AB8 >6859). "> (1-5) A<8@5==><C4@85 A>?@>2>6405BAO 1>;LH59 G0ABLN ?5G0;LN 8 C?04:>< 4CE0, 0 MB> (2-5)  @04>AB8N A> ABK45=85< 2A5<C4@K<; B> ?@8E>48B : B5<, :>8 =0E>4OBAO ?>A@548=5 ?>4283>2, 0 MB> =8A?>AK;05BAO ?@81;860NI8<AO C65 : A>25@H5=AB2C. >G5<C B> =5@54:> >B 68B59A:8E 1;03>?>A?5H5=89 =5:0:> ?>402;O5BAO, 0 MB>, E>BO 1K :B> ?@54;>68; 5<C 2A5 F0@AB20 <8@0, =5 :>;51;5BAO 8 A0<KE AB@0H=KE AB@5; 3@5E0 =5 B>;L:> =5 1>8BAO, => 4065 8 A>2A5< =5 GC2AB2C5B, ?>B><C GB>, 1C4CG8 2A54CE>2=>, =5 8<55B C65 >=> GC2AB20 4;O 2=5H=59 A;02K. >E>48B, >4=0:> 6, 4> A53>, ?>A;54=53>, ?>4286=8: =5 8=0G5, :0: ?@>H54H8 G@57 B>, ?5@2>5, 2AO:8< >1@07><: 81> 1;03>40BL =5 405B =0< 1>30BAB20 2B>@>3>, 5A;8 =0?5@54 =5 C<O3G8BL ?@>872>;5=8O =0H53> 8A?KB0=8O<8, G@57 >1CG8B5;L=>5 ?>?CI5=85 ?@8@065=8O AB@0AB59 2 ?5@8>4 ?5@2>3>. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  >;8B20 A<8@5==>3> ?@5:;>=O5B >30, 0 ?@>H5=85 3>@4>3> >A:>@1;O5B 3>. !;>2> A<8@5==>3>  <O3G8B5;L=0O <07L 4CH5, 0 A;>2> 3>@4>3>  8A?>;=5=> :8G5=8O.  5:B> 87 1;03>8A:CA=59H8E, 254O @5GL > A<8@5=88, ?5@5A:070; 8 A;54CNI55: «5AL<0 1;03>8A:CA=K9 >B5F C40@5= 1K; ?> ;0=8B5 15A=>20BK<, :>B>@K9 1K; 2 A8;L=>< ?@8?04:5 157C<8O, 8 >B5F, =5<54;5==> >15@=C2H8AL, ?>4AB028; 5<C 4@C3CN ;0=8BC A 3>B>2=>ABLN ?@8=OBL C40@. ">340 15A, :0: <>;=859 ?>@065==K9 A<8@5=85<, 2A:@8G0; 8 B>BG0A 2KH5; 87 A>740=8O >68O». @5?. $8;>D59 !8=09A:89.  >B@51=> =0< 25;8:>5 A<8@5=85, 5A;8 8A:@5==55 8<55< ?>?5G5=85 > E@0=5=88 C<0 2 >A?>45: 2>-?5@2KE, 2 >B=>H5=88 : >3C 8, 2>-2B>@KE, 2 >B=>H5=88 : ;N4O<. AOG5A:8 4>;6=K <K A>:@CH0BL A2>5 A5@4F5, 87KA:820O 8 2 45;> 22>4O 2A5, <>3CI55 A<8@OBL 53>. !>:@CH05B 65 8 A<8@O5B A5@4F5, :0: 8725AB=>, > ?@56=59 =0H59 2 <8@5 687=8 ?0<OBL, 5A;8 >=0 ?@8?><8=05BAO =0<8 :0: A;54C5B, B0:65 ?0<OBL > 2A5E 3@5E0E >B N=>AB8; :>340 :B> ?5@5A<0B@8205B 8E C<>< ?> G0ABO<, >1K:=>25==> 8 A<8@O5B, 8 A;57K @>6405B, 8 :> 2A5A5@45G=><C 1;03>40@5=8N >30 ?>428305B =0A, :0: 2A5340H=OO 459AB25==0O (4> GC2AB20 4>2>48<0O) ?0<OBL > A<5@B8, :>B>@0O ?@8B>< @>6405B 8 ?;0G @04>AB=K9 A> A;04>AB8N, 8 B@5725=85 C<0. @58<CI5AB25==> 65 A<8@O5B <C4@>20=85 =0H5 8 @0A?>;0305B ?>BC?;OBL >G8 2 75<;N 2>A?><8=0=85 > AB@0ABOE >A?>40 =0H53> 8ACA0 %@8AB0, :>340 :B> ?@>E>48B 8E 2 ?0<OB8 8 2A5 ?>4@>1=> 2>A?><8=05B. -B> ?>405B B0:65 8 A;57K. !25@E B>3>, 8AB8==> A<8@ONB 4CHC 25;8:85 >689 1;03>45O=8O, 8<5==> : =0<, :>340 :B> ?>4@>1=> ?5@5G8A;O5B 8E 8 ?5@5A<0B@8205B: 81> <K 8<55< 1@0=L A 3>@4K<8, =51;03>40@=K<8 45<>=0<8. @5?. 0AA80= 8<;O=8=.  57 3;C1>:>3> 8A:@5==53> A<8@5=8O =8 =04 :0:>9 AB@0ABLN =8:>340 =5 <>65B 1KBL ?@8>1@5B5=0 ?>1540. 8:B> =5 <>65B 4>AB83=CBL ?>A;54=53> ?@545;0 A>25@H5=AB20 8 G8AB>BK 8=0G5, :0: A<8@5=85< 8AB8==K<, :>B>@>5 >=, 2848<>, A2845B5;LAB2CO ?@54 1@0BLO<8, 87JO2;O5B B0:65 8 ?@54 >3>< 2 A>:@>25==>ABOE A5@4F0 A2>53>, 25@CO, GB> 157 3> ?>:@>20 8 ?><>I8, 2 :064K9 <><5=B 53> ?>A5I0NI8E, =8:0: =5 <>65B >= 4>AB83=CBL A>25@H5=AB20, :>B>@>3> 65;05B 8 : :>B>@><C A CA8;85< B5G5B. !2. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.   4CH5 A<8@5==KE C?>:>5205BAO >A?>4L, 2 A5@4F5 65 3>@4KE  AB@0AB8 15AG5AB8O; 81> =8GB> B0: =5 CA8;8205B 8E ?@>B82 =0A, :0: 2KA>:>-<C4@K5 ?><KA;K, 8, =0?@>B82, =8GB> B0: 459AB25==> =5 8AB>@305B A :>@=5< 87 4CH8 MB8 1K;LO 7;K5, :0: 1;065==>5 A<8@5=85, :>B>@>5 A?@0254;82> ?>B><C =0720=> AB@0AB5C189F5N. @5?. $5>3=>AB.  !B@0==>5 A:06C B515 A;>2>, => =5 4828AL. A;8 =5 4>AB83=5HL 15AAB@0AB8O, ?> ?@8G8=5, <>65B 1KBL, B8@0=A:8E ?@54@0A?>;>65=89, =>, =0E>4OAL 2> 2@5<O 8AE>40 2 3;C1>:8E GC2AB20E A<8@5=8O,  =8G5< =5 <5=LH5 15AAB@0AB=>3> 2>7=5A5HLAO =0 >1;0:0E. 1> ?CABL A>:@>28I5 15AAB@0AB=KE A>AB02;5=> 1K205B 87 2AO:>9 4>1@>45B5;8, => 4@03>F5==K9 :0<5=L A<8@5=8O ?0G5 2A5E 8E 4>AB>G5AB5= 8 2KA>: 8 ABO602H5<C 53> 4>AB02;O5B =5 B>;L:> C<8;>AB82;5=85 ?@54 >3><, => 8 2E>4 2<5AB5 A 871@0==K<8 2 1@0G=K9 G5@B>3 F0@AB28O 3>. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  45 3;C1>:>5 A<8@5=85, B0< 8 A;57K >18;L=K5, 0 345 5ABL A85, B0< 5ABL 8 ?@8A5I5=85 !2. CE0; :>340 65 ?@845B 1;03>40BL ?>:;0=O5<>3> CE0, B>340 2 B><, :B> =0G8=05B 1KBL ?>4 459AB285< 3>, O2;O5BAO 2AO:0O G8AB>B0 8 A2OB>ABL,  B>340 >= 7@8B >30, 8 >3 ?@878@05B =0 =53>. 1> >A?>4L 3>2>@8B: 0 :>3> 2>77@N, B>:<> =0 :@>B:>3> 8 <>;G0;82>3> 8 B@5?5ICI53> A;>25A >8E (A. 66, 2). @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  !<8@5=85 A>AB>8B =5 2 =0:;>=5=88 2K8, 8;8 2 @0A?CI5=88 2>;>A, 8;8 2 >45O=88 =5>?@OB=><, 3@C1>< 8 154=><, 2 G5< <=>385 ?>AB02;ONB 2AN ACBL 4>1@>45B5;8 A59, => 2 A>:@CH5=88 A5@4F0 8 A<8@5=88 4CE0, :0: A:070; 0284: CE A>:@CH5=: A5@4F5 A>:@CH5==> 8 A<8@5==> >3 =5 C=8G868B (A. 50, 19).  =>  A<8@5==>A;>285, 8=>  A<8@5=85, 8=>  A<8@5==><C4@85. !<8@5==>A;>285 8 A<8@5=85 ?@>O2;ONBAO ?>42870NI8<8AO 2> 2AO:>< 7;>AB@040=88 (?@>872>;L=KE ;8H5=8OE) 8 2> 2=5H=8E B@C40E 4>1@>45B5;8, B0: :0: >=8 2A5 >1@0I5=K 1K20NB =0 45;0=8O 8 70=OB8O B5;5A=K5, ?>G5<C ?@8 =8E 4CH0, =5 2A5340 1K20O 2 B25@4>< 1;03>=0AB@>5=88, ?@8 2AB@5G5 8A:CH5=8O, A<CI05BAO.  A<8@5==><C4@85  45;> 5ABL =5:>5 ACI8 >65AB25==>5 8 25;8:>5 1K205B 2 >4=8E B5E, :>8 =08B85< #B5H8B5;O ?5@5ABC?8;8 C65 A@548=C, B> 5ABL 40;5:> ?@>H;8 2?5@54 :@0BG09H8< ?CB5< 4>1@>45B5;8, ?>A@54AB2>< 2AO:>3> A<8@5=8O.  !<8@5==><C4@85, ?@>=8:H8 2 3;C18=C 4CH8 8 BO65;K< :0<=5< =0;53H8 =0 =55, B0: A8;L=> 3=5B5B 55 8 AB8A:8205B, GB> 2AO :@5?>ABL 55 8AB>I05BAO 2 =5C45@68<>< 87;8O=88 A;57, >B :>8E C< >G8I05BAO >B 2AO:>9 A:25@=K ?><KA;>2, 1K205B 2 2845=88 >685< 8 ?>4 459AB285< 53> ?>=C6405BAO 2>7720BL ?>4>1=> A088: 0, >:0O==K9 07, O:> C<8;8EAO, O:> G5;>25: AK9 8 =5G8ABK CAB=5 8<K9, ?>A@545 ;N489, =5G8ABKO CAB=5 8<CI8E 07 682C: 8 &0@O >A?>40 !020>D0 2845E >G8<0 <>8<0 (A. 6, 5). >340 ?@845B : B515 3;C1>:>5 A<8@5==>A;>285, B>340 2KA>:>@5G85 C?@074=8BAO >B B51O. >340 A<8@5=85 2:>@5=8BAO 2 3;C18=5 A5@4F0 B2>53>, B>340 8 A<8@5==>A;>285 2AO:>5 >B?045B >B B51O. >340 65 A2KH5 >1>30B8HLAO A<8@5==><C4@85<, B>340 8 2=5H=55 A<8@5=85 8 A<8@5==>A;>285 O7K:0 C?@074=8BAO 2 B515, ?> A;>2C 0?. 02;0: 340 65 ?@8845B A>25@H5==>5, B>340, 565 >BG0AB8, C?@074=8BAO (1 >@. 13, 10). 0A:>;L:> >BAB>8B >AB>: >B 0?040, =0AB>;L:> >BAB>8B 8AB8==>5 A<8@5==>A;>285 >B 8AB8==>3> A<8@5=8O. 0A:>;L:> 65 =51> 1>;LH5 75<;8 8 4CH0 B5;0, =0AB>;L:> !2. CE>< ?>40205<>5 A>25@H5==K< A<8@5==><C4@85 8 A>25@H5==55 8 1>;LH5 8AB8==>3> A<8@5=8O.  8 B>3>, :B> ?@8 A<8@5==>< 2845 8 >45O=88 3>2>@8B A<8@5==>, B>BG0A =5 ?@54?>;0309 A<8@5==K< 2 A5@4F5, =8 B>3>, :B> 3>2>@8B 2KA>:> 8 2KA>:>?0@=>, =5 24@C3 ?>G8B09 8A?>;=5==K< =04<5=8O 8 3>@4>AB8, =5 8A?KB02H8 8E =0?5@54, => >B 45; 8E ?>7=09 8E.  >7=09 A51O A0<>3>; 8 MB> 5ABL 2>8AB8=C 8AB8==>5 A<8@5=85, =0CG0NI55 A<8@5==><C4@AB2>20BL 8 A>:@CH0NI55 A5@4F5, 8 A85 A0<>5 45;0B8 8 E@0=8B8 ?>=C640NI55. A;8 65 BK =5 ?>7=0; 5I5 A51O, B> =5 7=05HL 8 B>3>, GB> 5ABL A<8@5=85, 8 45;0=8O 8 E@0=5=8O 53> 5I5 =5 :>A=C;AO, 81> ?>7=0=85 5ABL :>=5F 45;0=8O 70?>25459. >340 :B> ?>7=05B A51O, 0 MB> B@51C5B <=>3>3> A>2=5 >E@0=5=8O, C?@074=5=8O >B 45; <8@A:8E 8 AB@>3>3> 8A?KB0=8O A>25AB8, B>340 B>BG0A 2=570?=> ?@8E>48B 2 4CHC 8 >65AB25==>5 =5:>5 ?0G5 A;>20 A<8@5=85, ?@8=>AOI55 A5@4FC A>:@CH5=85 8 A;57K B5?;>3> C<8;5=8O, B0: GB> B>340 8 8A?KBK20NI89 53> 2 A515 459AB285 ?>G8B05B A51O 75<;5N 8 ?5?;><, G5@25<, 0 =5 G5;>25:><, =54>AB>9=K< 4065 8 682>B=>9 A59 687=8, 70 ?@52>AE>4AB2> A53> 40@0 >68O, 2 :>5< ?@51KBL A?>4>182H89AO 8A?>;=O5BAO =587@5G5==K< =5:88< >?LO=5=85< C<8;5=8O; 2E>48B 2 3;C18=C A<8@5=8O, 8, 87 A51O 8AH54H8, =8 2> GB> 2<5=O5B 2A5 2=5H=55: OAB20, ?8B8O, >45O=8O B5;0  :0: 87<5=82H59AO 4>1@K< 87<5=5=85< 45A=8FK KH=O3> (A. 76, 11). @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  !<8@5=85 8 7;>AB@040=85 (B5;5A=K5 ;8H5=8O) >A2>1>640NB G5;>25:0 >B 2AO:>3> 3@5E0, ?>B><C GB> A<8@5=85 >BA5:05B AB@0AB8 4CH52=K5, 0 7;>AB@040=85  B5;5A=K5. "0: ?>ABC?0; ?@>@. 0284, :0: 284=> 87 A;54CNI59 <>;8B2K 53> : >3C: 864L A<8@5=85 <>5 8 B@C4 <>9, 8 >AB028 2AO 3@5E8 <>O (A. 24,18). 0CG8B5AO >B 5=5,  3;03>;5B >A?>4L,  O:> :@>B>: 5A<L 8 A<8@5= A5@4F5< (D. 11, 29). @>B>ABL ?@54>E@0=O5B @074@068B5;L=>ABL >B 2>7<CI5=8O, 0 A<8@5=85 >A2>1>6405B C< >B =04<5=8O 8 BI5A;028O.  5 ?@8<5@O9 A51O : A;0159H8< 87 ;N459, 0 ;CGH5 @0AH8@O9 A51O 2 <5@C 70?>2548 > ;N128. @8<5@OOAL : ;N4O<, 2?045HL 2 ?@>?0ABL 2KA>:><5@8O, 0 @0AH8@OO A51O 2 <5@C ;N128, 4>AB83=5HL 2KA>BK A<8@5==><C4@8O. !<8@5==><C4@85 @>6405BAO >B G8AB>9 <>;8B2K, A> A;570<8 8 1>;57=>20=85<. 1> >=0, ?@87K20O 2A5340 =0 ?><>IL >30, =5 ?>?CA:05B 157C<=> ?>;030BLAO =0 A2>N A8;C 8 <C4@>ABL, 8 ?@52>7=>A8BLAO =04 4@C38<8, 425 ;NBK5 1>;57=8 3>@45;82>9 AB@0AB8. !B0@5F !8<5>= ;03>3>259=K9.  A5E ACI8E 2 :8=>288 (>1I568B88) 4>;6=> 2845BL A2OBK<8, 8 B>;L:> A51O >4=>3> ?>G8B0BL 3@5H=K< 8 ?>A;54=8<, ?@8;030O : A5<C, GB> 87 2A5E A?0A05<KE BK >48= >AC645= 1C45HL =0 25G=K5 <C:8 2 45=L >=. !2. @83>@88 !8=08B.  ABL A5<L @07=KE 45;0=88 8 @0A?>;>65=88, 22>4OI8E 8 @C:>2>4OI8E : MB><C 1>3>40==><C A<8@5=8N, :>8 2708<=> 2E>4OB 2 A>AB02 4@C3 4@C30 8 4@C3 >B 4@C30 ?@>8AE>4OB: 1) <>;G0=85, 2) A<8@5==>5 > A515 4C<0=85, 3) A<8@5==>5 3>2>@5=85, 4) A<8@5==>5 >45O=85, 5) A0<>C=8G865=85, 6) A>:@CH5=85, 7) ?>A;54=>ABL  8<5BL A51O 2> 2A5< ?>A;54=8<. >;G0=85 A @07C<>< @>6405B A<8@5==>5 > A515 4C<0=85; >B A<8@5==>3> 65 > A515 4C<0=8O @>640NBAO B@8 2840 A<8@5=8O: A<8@5==>5 3>2>@5=85, A<8@5==>5 8 154=KE >45O=89 =>H5=85 8 A0<>C=8G865=85. !88 65 B@8 2840 @>640NB A>:@CH5=85, 1K20NI55 >B ?>?CI5=8O 8A:CH5=89 8 8<5=C5<>5 ?@><KA;8B5;L=K< >1CG5=85< 8 >B 15A>2 A<8@5=85<. !>:@CH5=85 65 45;0< 70AB02;O5B 4CHC GC2AB2>20BL A51O ACI5N =865 2A5E 8 2A5E ?>A;54=59H5N, O:> 2A5<8 ?@52>AE>48<CN. 20 65 A88 2840 ?@8=>AOB A>25@H5==>5 8 1>3>40@=>5 A<8@5=85, :>B>@>5 8<5=C5BAO A8;>9 8 A>25@H5=AB2>< 2A5E 4>1@>45B5;59, 8 >=>-B> >3C ?@8?8AK205B 4>1@K5 =0H8 45;0. B0:: ?5@2>5 87 2A5E @C:>2>4AB2 : A<8@5=8N 5ABL <>;G0=85; 87 =53> @>6405BAO A<8@5==>5 > A515 4C<0=85; 0 MB> @>6405B B@8 2840 A<8@5=8O. "@8 MB8 @>640NB >48=  A>:@CH5=85; 0 A>:@CH5=85 @>6405B A54L<>9 284  ?>G8B0=85 A51O =87H8< 2A5E, GB> 8 =07K205BAO ?@><KA;8B5;L=K< A<8@5=85<. -B> A<8@5=85 ?@8=>A8B 1>3>40@=>5, A>25@H5==>5, =5?@8B2>@=>5, 8AB8==>5 A<8@5=85. @><KA;8B5;L=>5 A<8@5=85 B0: ?@8E>48B: :>340 G5;>25:, 1C4CG8 >AB02;5= A0<><C A515, ?>15645= 1K205B, ?>@01>I5= 8 2>73>A?>4AB2>20= 2AO:>9 AB@0ABLN 8 ?><KA;><, B>340, 1C4CG8 ?>156405< 4CE>< 2@065A:8< 8 =5 =0E>4O ?><>I8 =8 >B 45;, =8 >B >30, 8 =8 >B G53> A>2A5<, 8 3>B>2 1C4CG8 4065 2?0ABL 2 >BG0O=85, A<8@O5BAO >= 2> 2A5<, A>:@CH05BAO, =87H8< 2A5E A51O 8<55B, ?>A;54=59H8< 8 @01>< 2A5E, EC4H8< 4065 A0<8E 15A>2, :0: B8@0=AB2C ?>4;560I89 8 8<8 ?>156405<K9. A5 MB> 8 5ABL ?@><KA;8B5;L=>5 A<8@5=85, 2 A8;C :>B>@>3> >B >30 405BAO 2B>@>5, 2KAH55, :>B>@>5 5ABL >65AB25==0O A8;0, 2A5459AB25==0O 8 2A5B2>@=0O. 3> @048 284O A51O >@30=>< >65AB25==>9 A8;K, G5;>25: 5N A>25@H05B 482=K5 >689 45;0. @??. 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.  !<8@5=85 8 157 45; <=>38< ?@53@5H5=8O< ABO60205B ?@>I5=85, 0 45;0 157 A<8@5=8O, =0?@>B82, =5?>;57=K. 'B> A>;L 4;O 2AO:>9 ?8I8, B> A<8@5=85 4;O 2AO:>9 4>1@>45B5;8, 8 :@5?>ABL <=>38E 3@5E>2 <>65B >=> A>:@CH8BL.  =5< ?>B><C =C6=> 2 4CH5 ?5G0;8BLAO (701>B8BLAO) =5?@5AB0==>, A CG8=5=85< A2>53> @07C<5=8O; 8 5A;8 ?@8>1@5B5< 53>, >=> 45;05B =0A AK=0<8 >688<8 8 157 45; 4>1@KE ?@54AB028B =0A >3C, 0 157 =53> 2A5 45;0 =0H8, 2AO:85 4>1@>45B5;8 8 2AO:>5 45;0=85 =0?@0A=K. 3> >4=>3> 4>AB0B>G=>, GB>1K 157 AB>@>==59 ?><>I8 ?@54AB028BL =0A ?@54 ;8F5 >30 8 3>2>@8BL 70 =0A E>40B09AB25==>&  5I5 =5:B> A:070;: :>340 ?@845B : B515 ?><KA; 3>@4K=8, 3>2>@O: 2A?><=8 4>1@>45B5;8 A2>8,  BK A:068 5<C: A<>B@8 AB0@8: =0 1;C4 A2>9.  04C9AO, :>340 45;05HL 4>1@>45B5;L, => =5 ?@52>7=>A8AL, GB>1K =5 A;CG8;>AL :@CH5=85 2 ?@8AB0=8.  5@=><C =04;568B A<8@OBLAO ?@54 2A5<8, 81> A<8@OBLAO B>;L:> ?@54 =5:>B>@K<8, 7=0G8B 8<5BL A<8@5=85 ;>6=>5.  !",  ")! @5?>4>1=K9 >0== 5AB28G=8:.  >@4K=O 5ABL >B@5G5=85 >B >30, 45<>=A:>5 87>1@5B5=85, C=8G865=85 G5;>25:>2, <0B5@L >AC645=8O, 8AG0485 ?>E20;, ?@87=0: 15A?;>48O, C:@K20B5;LAB2> >B >6859 ?><>I8, ?@54H5AB25==8F0 C<>8AABC?;5=8O, ?@54C3>B>28B5;L=8F0 ?045=89, 8AB>G=8: @074@068B5;L=>AB8, 425@L ;8F5<5@8O, >?>@0 45<>=>2, ?@54C3>B>28B5;L=8F0 =5<8;>A5@48O, =52545=85 A>AB@040=8O, ?@>B82=8: >3C, :>@5=L EC;K...  0G0;> 3>@4K=8  :>=5F BI5A;028O, A@548=0 65  C=8G865=85 1;86=53>, 15AABK4=>5 @073;0H5=85 > A2>8E B@C40E 8 ?>42830E, A0<>E20;LAB2> 2 A5@4F5, 2>7=5=02845=85 >1;8G5=8O; 0 :>=5F  >B@5G5=85 >B >6859 ?><>I8, ?@52>7=>H5=85 A>1AB25==>9 A2>5N @0G8B5;L=>ABLN, 45<>=A:89 =@02. ;5=5==K9 3>@4>ABLN 8<55B =C64C 2 ?><>I8 >B >A?>40, ?>B><C GB> G5;>25G5A:>5 A?0A5=85 4;O =53> =0?@0A=>. @5?. 0220 >@>D59.  0: A<8@5=8O 420, B0: 65 8 425 3>@4>AB8. 5@20O 3>@4>ABL 5ABL B0, :>340 :B> C:>@O5B 1@0B0, :>340 >AC6405B 8 15AG5AB8B 53>, :0: =8G53> =57=0G0I53>, 0 A51O AG8B05B 2KH5 53>, B0:>2K9, 5A;8 =5 >?><=8BAO 2A:>@5 8 =5 ?>AB0@05BAO 8A?@028BLAO, B> <0;>-?><0;C ?@8E>48B 8 2> 2B>@CN 3>@4>ABL, B0: GB> 2>73>@48BAO 8 ?@>B82 A0<>3> >30, 8 ?>42838 8 4>1@>45B5;8 A2>8 ?@8?8AK205B A515, 0 =5 >3C, :0: 1C4B> A0< A>1>N A>25@H8; 8E, A2>8< @07C<>< 8 AB0@0=85<, 0 =5 ?><>ILN >685N. >8AB8=5, 1@0B8O <>8, 7=0N O >4=>3>, ?@8H54H53> =5:>340 2 A85 60;:>5 A>AB>O=85. !=0G0;0, 5A;8 :B> 87 1@0B88 3>2>@8; 5<C GB>-;81>, >= C=8G860; :064>3> 8 2>7@060;: «'B> 7=0G8B B0:>9-B>? 5B =8:>3> 4>AB>9=>3>, :@><5 >A8<K 8 ?>4>1=>3> 5<C». >B>< =0G0; 8 A8E >AC640BL 8 3>2>@8BL: «5B =8:>3> 4>AB>9=>3>, :@><5 0:0@8O». !?CABO =5<=>3> =0G0; 3>2>@8BL: «'B> B0:>5 0:0@89? 5B =8:>3> 4>AB>9=>3>, :@><5 0A8;8O 5;8:>3> 8 @83>@8O >3>A;>20». > A:>@> =0G0; >AC640BL 8 A8E, 3>2>@O: «'B> B0:>5 0A8;89?  GB> B0:>5 @83>@89? 5B =8:>3> 4>AB>9=>3>, :@><5 0?>AB>;>2 5B@0 8 02;0». / 3>2>@N 5<C: «>8AB8=5, 1@0B, BK A:>@> 8 8E AB0=5HL C=8G860BL». , ?>25@LB5 <=5, G@57 =5A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8 >= =0G0; 3>2>@8BL: «'B> B0:>5 5B@?  GB> B0:>5 025;? 8:B> =8G53> =5 7=0G8B, :@><5 !2OB>9 "@>8FK». 0:>=5F 2>73>@48;AO >= 8 ?@>B82 A0<>3> >30, 8, B0:8< >1@07><, ;8H8;AO C<0. >A5<C-B> 4>;6=K <K ?>42870BLAO 2A5<8 A8;0<8 =0H8<8 ?@>B82 ?5@2>9 3>@4>AB8, 401K <0;>-?><0;C =5 2?0ABL 8 2> 2B>@CN, B. 5. 2 A>25@H5==CN, 3>@4K=N. @5?. A00: !8@88.  N4O< 3=CA=0 =8I5B0, 0 >3C 3>@074> 1>;55 3=CA=0 4CH0 2KA>:>A5@4=0O 8 C< ?0@OI89. # ;N459 ?>G5B=> 1>30BAB2>, 0 C >30 4>AB>G5AB=0 4CH0 A<8@5==0O.  >@45;82><C ?>?CA:05BAO 2?040BL 2 EC;C, ?@52>7=>AOI5<CAO 45OB5;L=>9 4>1@>45B5;LN ?>?CA:05BAO 2?040BL 2 1;C4, 0 ?@52>7=>AOI5<CAO A2>59 <C4@>ABLN  2 B5<=K5 A5B8 =52545=8O. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.   4>1@>< 45;5, :>B>@>5 BK =0<5@5= A45;0BL, =5 3>2>@8 =8:><C =0?5@54, => A45;09 53>. @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.  5=028AB=8:8 4CH =0H8E  15AK  2=CH0NB =5:88< 2>740BL =0< :0:CN-;81> =8GB>6=CN ?>E20;C, 0 ?>B>< 8 =0A ?>4CI0NB ?>@04>20BLAO > B><. A;8 ?>A;5 A53>, @0AA;0152 >B A0<><=5=8O, 4048< <5AB> 8 BI5A;028N, B> 2@030< =0H8< =5 <=>3> C65 1C45B B@C40 A>2A5< 701@0BL =0A 2 ?;5=. @5?. @83>@89 0;0<0.  !B@064CB 8 B5, :>8 A;02K @048 G5;>25G5A:>9 4>1@K5 45;0 45;0NB. 1> B0:>2K5, ?>;CG82 6@5189 8<5BL 68B85 =0 =515A0E, A;02C A2>N, C2K, 2A5;ONB 2 ?5@ABL, =02;5:0O =0 A51O A8N 0284A:CN :;OB2C (A. 7, 6).  <>;8B20 8E =5 2>AE>48B : =515A0< 8 2AO:>5 @0G5=85 8E =8A?>405B 4>;C, =5 1C4CG8 >1;>65=> :@K;0<8 >65AB25==>9 ;N128, :>B>@0O 75<=K5 45;0 =0H8 45;05B 3>@5 2>AE>4OI8<8: B0: GB> >=8 B@C4K ?>4J5<;NB, 0 =03@04K =5 ABO6020NB. > GB> O 3>2>@N > 15A?;>488 B@C4>2 8E? =8 ?@8=>AOB ?;>4. > :0:>9?  ?>A@0<;5=85, =5?>AB>O=85 ?><KA;>2, ?;5=5=85 8 A<OB5=85 ?><KH;5=89. /:> >3 @07AK?0 :>AB8 G5;>25:>C3>4=8:>2: ?>ABK45H0AO, O:> >3 C=8G868 8E (A. 52, 6). @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  "I5A;0285 5ABL =5@07C<=0O AB@0ABL, 8 C4>1=> ?@8<5H8205BAO :> 2AO:><C 45;C 4>1@>45B5;8.  "I5A;02=K9 <>=0E  15A?;0B=K9 @01>B=8:  =5A5B B@C4, 0 =03@04K =5 ?>;CG8B.  0: A:@K205HL >B ;N459 3@5E8 A2>8, B0: A:@K209 >B =8E 8 B@C4K A2>8. "K ABK48HLAO >B:@K20BL > A@0<=KE 45;0E A2>8E, GB>1K =5 ?>425@3=CBLAO ?>=>H5=8N 8 C=8G865=8N, GB> ?>;57=> 1K;> 1K 4;O 4CH8 B2>59. >9AO ?>:07K20BL 8 B@C4K A2>8, GB>1K 3@5E G5;>25:>;N18O =5 ?@8=5A ?03C1K 4CH5 B2>59. A;8 >4=><C >3C >B:@K205HL ?>ABK4=K5 ?045=8O, B> =5 >B:@K209 ;N4O< A2>8E ?@>B82>1>@AB289 >=K<, GB>1K =5 A>G;8 8E C25=G0=85< ?>154K.  >@4>ABL 5ABL >?CE>;L 4CH8, =0?>;=5==0O 8A?>@G5==>N :@>2LN, 5A;8 A>7@55B, ?@>@25BAO 8 ?@8G8=8B 1>;LHCN =5?@8OB=>ABL.  >3 ?><>305B B515  =5 >B@8F09AO ;03>45B5;O: 27>H5; BK =0 2KA>BC 68B8O, => ?CB52>48; B51O >3; ?@5CA?5; 2 4>1@>45B5;8, => 459AB2>20; 2 B515 >3; 8A?>254C9 >72KA82H53>, GB>1K =5 :>;51;5<> ?@51KBL B515 =0 2KA>B5.  >340 27>945HL =0 2KA>BC 4>1@>45B5;59, B>340 25;8:0O B515 ?>B@51=>ABL 2 >3@0645=88: 81> 5A;8 C?045B AB>OI89 =0 ?>;C, B> 2A:>@5 2AB0=5B, 0 C?02H89 A 2KA>BK ?>425@305BAO >?0A=>AB8 C<5@5BL.  >@4>ABL  2>4O=>9 ?C7K@L, =04CBK9 AC5B=K< > A515 <=5=85<, :>B>@K9, 5A;8 B>;L:> 4C=CBL, >1@0I05BAO 2 =8GB>. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  5<>= 3>@4>AB8 42>O:>5 8<55B ;C:02AB2>: 8;8 C156405B <>=0E0 8A?@02=K5 45;0 A2>8 ?@8?8AK20BL A515, 0 =5 >3C  >40B5;N 1;038E 8 ><>I=8:C 2 8A?@02=>AB8; 8;8, :>340 >= =5 A>3;0H05BAO =0 A85, ?>4CI05B C=8G860BL <5=55 A>25@H5==KE 1@0B88. > =5 25405B >=, GB> ?@8 B0:>< 459AB288 =0 =53> 45<>= =0CI05B 53> >B25@30BLAO >6859 ?><>I8. 1>, C=8G860O B5E, :0: =5 <>3H8E ?>4>1=> 5<C >:070BLAO 8A?@02=K<8, >= 2KAB02;O5B A51O 8<5==> ?>:0702H8< >A>15==CN 8A?@02=>ABL A>1AB25==>N A8;>N. 'B> =52>7<>6=>, :0: A:070; >A?>4L: 57 <5=5 =5 <>65B5 B2>@8B8 =8G5A>65 (=. 15, 5). 1> =0H0 =5<>IL B0:>20, GB>, 8 2>765;02 4>1@0, >=0 =5 <>65B 4>25ABL 53> 4> :>=F0 157 >40B5;O 1;038E.  "I5A;0285 @>6405B 3>@4>ABL, 8=>340 1K2 873>=O5<>, 0 8=>340 >AB020OAL. >, 1K2 873>=O5<>, >=> ?@82>48B A0<><=5=85, 0 >AB020OAL  =04<5==>ABL. "I5A;0285 8AB@51;O5BAO A:@KB=K< 459AB2>20=85<, 0 3>@4>ABL  ?@8?8AK20=85< >3C 8A?@02=> 45;05<KE 45;. 5 <0;K9 ?>4283 >A2>1>48BLAO >B BI5A;028O! A2>1>640NBAO 65 >B =53> B09=K< B2>@5=85< 4>1@>45B5;59 8 G0AB>N <>;8B2>N; 0 ?@87=0: >A2>1>645=8O  =5 7;>?0<OB>20BL =0 7;>A;>282H53> 8;8 7;>A;>2OI53>.  8F5<5@, ?>:0 4C<05B, GB> =5 @073040=, ?>:>5= 1K205B 8 <>;G8B, 4>2>;LAB2COAL A;02>9, :0:CN 8<55B >BB>3>, GB> :065BAO ?@0254=K<. >340 65 1K205B >B:@KB, B> O728B5;L=K5 87@K305B A;>20, ?>=>H5=85< 4@C38E 4C<0O ?@8:@KBL A>1AB25==CN A@0<>BC. "0:><C A;>20 8A0=8O, C?>4>182 53> ?>@>645=8N 5E84=K, :0: ;C:02>3>, ?>25;520NB B2>@8BL 4>AB>9=K5 ?;>4K ?>:0O=8O, B. 5. A>>1@07=> A B5<, G5< >= :065BAO, ?5@545;0BL 8 A2>5 A>:@>25==>5 =0AB@>5=85 A5@4F0.  >7=5AH89AO A5@4F5<, ?> ?@8G8=5 ?>;CG5==KE 8< 40@>20=89, 8 2>72KA>:>C<AB2>202K9, O:> =5 ?@85< (=5 ?>;CG8;) (1 >@. 4, 7), ?@0254=> 8A?KBK205B =0E>4OI89 =0 =53> 3=52, :>340 >3 ?>?CA:05B 4802>;C A?;5AB8AL A =8< <KA;5==>, 8 :0: ?>:>;510BL 45OB5;L=K5 53> ?>@O4:8 4>1@>45B5;8, B0: 8 ?><@0G8BL C<AB25==K5 53> A25B;K5 @07C<5=8O, GB>1K >=, 2>AGC2AB2>202 A2>N =5<>IL, A>7=0;, 345 B0 A8;0, :>B>@0O >4=0 ?>156405B 2 =0A AB@0AB8, 8, ?>=O2H8, A<8@8;AO, >B25@30O :8G5=85 A0<><=5=8O, 8 B5< C<8;>AB828; >30 >B2@0B8BL >B =53> >1K:=>25==> =0E>4OI89 =0 =5@0A:0O==KE 3=52, >BJ5<;NI89 1;03>40BL, >E@0=ONICN 4CHC, 8 >AB02;ONI89 ?CABK< =51;03>40@=K9 C<.  !B@0ABL 3>@4K=8 A>AB>8B 87 42CE =52545=89 8;8 =5A>7=0=89, :>8, A>H54H8AL 2>548=>, ?@>872>4OB >4=> A;8O==>5 <C4@>20=85 (3>@4>AB=>5). 1> >48= B>B 3>@4, :B> =5 ?@87=05B =8 >65A:>9 ?><>I8, =8 G5;>25G5A:>9 =5<>I=>AB8. "0:8< >1@07><, 3>@4>ABL 5ABL >65AB25==>3> 8 G5;>25G5A:>3> 7=0=8O ;8H5=85.  "I5A;0285 5ABL >BABC?;5=85 >B F5;8, :>B>@0O ?> >3C, 8 ?5@5ABC?;5=85 : 4@C3>9 F5;8, :>B>@0O =5 ?> >3C. 1> BI5A;025= B>B, :B> 4;O A2>59, 0 =5 4;O >6859 A;02K 701>B8BAO > 4>1@>45B5;8 8 B@C40<8 A2>8<8 8<55B 2 284C =0:C?8BL ;8HL G5;>25G5A:8E =5?>AB>O==KE ?>E20;.  '5;>25:>C3>4;82K9 >1 >4=>< B>< ?5G5BAO, GB>1K 2=5H=55 53> ?>2545=85 1K;> ?>:07=> 8 GB>1K 70A;C68BL 4>1@>5 A;>2> ;LAB5F0: ?5@2K<  7@5=85, 0 2B>@K<  A;CE, ?>4:C?0O 2 A2>N ?>;L7C C B5E, :>8 CA;0640NBAO 8;8 2 C482;5=85 ?@82>4OBAO B>;L:> 2848<K< 8 A;KH8<K< 8 4>1@>45B5;L >?@545;ONB B>;L:> B5<, GB> ?>:07K20NB GC2AB20. '5;>25:>C3>485, B0:8< >1@07><, 1C45B 4>1@KE =@02>2 8 A;>2 ?>:07K20=85 ?@54 ;N4L<8 8 4;O ;N459.  8F5<5@85 5ABL ?@5B2>@5=85 4@C61K, 8;8 =5=028ABL, ?@8:@K205<0O 284>< 4@C61K, 8;8 2@0640, ?>4 ?@8:@KB85< 1;03>2>;5=8O 459AB2CNI0O, 8;8 7028ABL, ?>4@060NI0O E0@0:B5@C ;N128, 8;8 687=L, :@0A=0O ?@8B2>@=K< 284>< 4>1@>45B5;8, 0 =5 459AB28B5;L=>9 4>1@>45B5;LN, 8;8 ?@8B2>@5=85 ?@0254=>AB8 ?>:070=85<, B>;L:> 1C4B> >=0 5ABL A>1;N405<>5, 8;8 >1<0=, 8<5NI89 284 8AB8=K, GB> 2A5 CE8B@ONBAO CAB@>OBL 2 =@02AB25==>9 8A?>@G5==>AB8 ?>4@060NI85 7<8N.  @>:;OB0O, 2>8AB8=C, AB@0ABL  =04<5==>ABL, A>AB>OI0O 87 A>G5B0=8O 42CE 7>;: 3>@4>AB8 8 BI5A;028O; 87 :>8E 3>@4>ABL >B@8F05BAO >B "2>@F0 4>1@>45B5;8 8 ?@8@>4K, 0 BI5A;0285 :0: ?@8@>4C, B0: 8 A0<CN 4>1@>45B5;L ?>445;K205B, 81> C 3>@4>3> =8G53> =5 45;05BAO ?> >3C, 0 C BI5A;02=>3> =8GB> =5 ?@>8AE>48B ?> ?@8@>45. #   !" + #", @5?>4>1=K9 D@5< !8@88.  > 2A5<C ?@>AB@0=AB2C 8A0=8O C1;060NBAO >4=8, 84CI85 C7:8< ?CB5<, 2ABC?82H8< 65 =0 ?CBL H8@>:89 8 ?@>AB@0==K9, 25745 ?@54A:07K205BAO 3>@5. AB028< 65 ?CBL H8@>:89, 254CI89 2 ?03C1C, 8 2ABC?8< =0 C7:89, GB>1, ?>B@C482H8AL =5<=>3> 745AL, F0@AB2>20BL 2 15A:>=5G=K5 25:8. >B@C48<AO, 2A5340 8<5O ?@54 >G0<8 @O4CI53> AC48BL 682KE 8 <5@B2KE, 8 =5?@5AB0==> A>45@60 2 ?0<OB8 25G=CN 687=L, =5A:>=G05<>5 F0@AB2>, ;8:>AB>O=85 A =35;0<8, ?@51K20=85 A> %@8AB><. >945< ?CB5< C7:8< 8 B5A=K<, ;N1O A>:@CH5=85, GB>1 ?@51K20;> 2 =0A ?0<OB>20=85 A<5@B8 8 GB>1K >A2>1>48BLAO =0< >B >AC645=8O. 1> A:070=>: >@5 20< A<5NIK<AO =K=5: O:> 2>7@K405B5 8 2>A?;0G5B5 (:. 6, 25). ;065=8 65 ?;0GCI88 =K=5, O:> B88 CB5H0BAO (D. 5,4). 03;O=5< 2 <>38;C 8 C2848< B09=K =0H53> 5AB5AB20  :CGC ;560I8E >4=0 =0 4@C3>9 :>AB59, G5@5?0, >1=065==K5 >B ?;>B8, 8 ?@>G85 :>AB8. !<>B@O =0 =8E, C2848< 2 =8E A51O A0<8E. 45 :@0A>B0 =0AB>OI53> F25B0, 345 4>1@>7@0G=>ABL ;0=8B? 07<KH;OO > A5<, >B:065<AO >B ?;>BA:8E 2>645;5=89, GB>1 =5 1KBL =0< ?>ABK65==K<8 2 2>A:@5A5=85. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  @>1C48<AO >B A=0, ?>:0 5I5 =0E>48<AO 2 B5;5 A5<, 2>74>E=5< > A515 A0<8E 8 1C45< >?;0:820BL A51O >B 2A53> A5@4F0 =0H53> 45=L 8 =>GL, GB>1K 871028BLAO >B B>3> AB@0H=>3> <CG5=8O, AB5=0=8O, ?;0G0 8 BC38, :>B>@K< =5 1C45B :>=F0, ?>AB5@565<AO 84B8 2 ?@>AB@0==K5 2@0B0 8 H8@>:8< ?CB5<, 22>4OI8< 2 ?03C1C, E>BO >G5=L <=>385 84CB 8<, => ?>945< 2 C7:85 2@0B0 8 B5A=K< ?CB5<, 254CI8< 2 682>B, E>BO >G5=L =5<=>385 84CB 8<. 4CI85 A8< ?>A;54=8< ACBL 8AB8==K5 45;0B5;8, :>B>@K5 ?>;CG0B <74C B@C4>2 A2>8E A @04>ABLN 8 =0A;54CNB F0@AB2>.  B> 65 =5 A>2A5< 5I5 3>B>2 ?@54AB0BL BC40,  C<>;ON 53> =5 =5@045BL, ?>:0 =5 CH;> 2@5<O, GB>1K 2 =C6=K9 G0A =5 >:070BLAO =5 8<5NI8< 5;5O, ?@8B>< B0:, GB> =5 1C45B =8:>3>, :B> 1K E>B5; ?@>40BL 53>. 1> B0: A;CG8;>AL A B5<8 ?OBLN 4520<8 N@>482K<8, :>B>@K5 =5 =0H;8, C :>3> 1K :C?8BL. ">340 >=8 A ?;0G5< 2>7720;8, 3>2>@O: >A?>48, >A?>48, >B25@78 =0<. = 65 >B25I02 @5G5 8<: 0<8=L, 0<8=L, 3;03>;N 20<: =5 25< 20A (D. 25, 11 12).  MB> A;CG8;>AL A =8<8 =5 ?> 4@C3>9 :0:>9 ?@8G8=5, :0: ?> ;5=>AB8. >B>< >=8 E>BL ?@>1C48;8AL 8 =0G0;8 E;>?>B0BL, => C65 MB> =8 : G5<C =5 ?>A;C68;>, ?>B><C GB> >A?>48= 4><0 2AB0; 8 70:;NG8; 425@8, :0: =0?8A0=>. @8254C 20< 8 4@C3>9 ?>4>1=K9 A5<C ?@8<5@. >340 >9 2>H5; 2 :>2G53 A0< A AK=>2LO<8 A2>8<8 8 65=0<8 8E, 8 A> 2A5< ?@>G8<, GB> 1K;> A =8<, 8 70:;NG8; 425@L :>2G530 ?> ?@8G8=5 ?>B>?=KE 2>4, =8A?>A;0==KE =0 B2>@OI8E 7;>5, B> =5 >B:@K20; 1>;55 425@8 :>2G530 8 AK=0< A2>8< =5 ?>?CA:0; 2845BL MB> C60A=>5 7@5;8I5, :>B>@>5 1K;> 2 :07=L =5G5AB82K< B5<; B5< 1>;55 7;K5 A88, ?> 70:;NG5=88 425@8, =5 <>3;8 2>9B8 BC40, GB>1 1KBL 2<5AB5 A ?@0254=K<8, => ?03C1>N ?>381;8 2A5 >B 2>4K ?>B>?=>9, 70 A2>N ;5=>ABL 8 =5?>:>@=>ABL. 1> >9 2 ?@>4>;65=85 B5E AB0 ;5B, 2 :>B>@K5 AB@>8; :>2G53, =5?@5AB0==> ?@87K20; 8E : ;CGH59 687=8, => >=8 =5 2=8<0;8 5<C 8 =5 ?>A;CH0;8AL 53>, >BB>3> 8 ?>381;8. !2. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  >B>@K9 ?CBL %@8AB>A 8 >3 =0H 2 20=35;88 =08<5=>20; B5A=K< 8 ?@8A:>@1=K<, ">B ?>B>< =0720; 83>< 1;038< 8 1@5<5=5< ;53:8< (D. 7, 13-14; 11, 30). 0: 65 B> 8 4@C3>5, :06CI55AO ?@>B82>?>;>6=K<, 2848BAO 2 >4=>< 8 B>< 65?  "0: ?> A2>9AB2C A2>5<C ?CBL A59 65AB>: 8 B@C45=; 0 ?> ?@>872>;5=8N A>25@H0NI8E 53> 8 ?> =045640< 1;038<  >= 2>645;5=, 2>7;N1;5= 8 A;04>AB5= ?0G5, =565;8 A:>@15= 4;O 4CH 4>1@>;N182KE. >B ?>G5<C BK 8 2848HL, GB> 871@02H85 A59 ?CBL, B5A=K9 8 ?@8A:>@1=K9, A 1>;LH5N 3>B>2=>ABLN 84CB ?> =5<C, G5< ?> ?@>AB@0==><C 8 H8@>:><C. >A;CH09, GB> 3>2>@8B 1;065==K9 C:0 >1 0?>AB>;0E, :0: >=8 ?>A;5 185=8O 18G0<8 2>72@0B8;8AL >B ;8F0 A>1>@0, @04COAL (5O=. 5, 41). > 254L =5 B0:>2> A2>9AB2> 18G59  =5 A;04>ABL 8 @04>ABL, 0 A:>@1L 8 1>;57=L ?@8G8=ONB >=8. A;8 65 18G8 A;04>AB=K 1K;8 %@8AB0 @048, GB> 482=>3>, 5A;8 3> @048 8 4@C385 284K 7;>AB@040=89 8 >7;>1;5=88 ?;>B8 B0:>2K<8 65 1K20NB? " . ! , !#(/   "  !2OB>9 D@5< !8@8=.  5B 8 <5@K B5@?5=8N, 5A;8 B>;L:> >=> @0AB2>@5=> ;N1>2LN. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  AO:>5 B5A=>5 >1AB>OB5;LAB2> 8 2AO:0O A:>@1L, 5A;8 =5B ?@8 =8E B5@?5=8O, A;C60B : AC3C1><C <CG5=8N, ?>B><C GB> B5@?5=85 2 G5;>25:5 >B@0605B 154AB28O, 0 <0;>4CH85 (=54>AB0B>: B5@?5=8O) 5ABL <0B5@L <CG5=8O, B5@?5=85 5ABL <0B5@L CB5H5=8O 8 =5:0O A8;0, >1K:=>25==> ?>@>6405<0O H8@>B>N A5@4F0. '5;>25:C B@C4=> =09B8 B0:CN A8;C 2 A:>@1OE 157 >65AB25==>3> 40@>20=8O 1;03>40B8, >1@5B05<>3> =5>BABC?=>9 <>;8B2>9 8 87;8O=85< A;57. @5?. $5>4>@ !BC48B.  A5340 B0: 1K205B, GB> =K=5 <0;>4CH85, 0 702B@0 <C65AB2>; B5?5@L ?5G0;L=>5 @0A?>;>65=85, 0 24@C3 2>>4CH52;5=85; A8N <8=CBC AB@0AB59 2>AAB0=85, 0 2 A;54CNICN  >68O ?><>IL 8E ?@5A5G5B. 5 B0:8<, :0: 2G5@0, O28HLAO BK, 2>7;N1;5==K9. > ?@845B : B515 1;03>40BL >68O 8 ?>1>@5B ?> B515 >A?>4L. 5G5HL B>340: «45 1K; 5A8 4>A5;5, >A?>48?» 8 = A:065B B515 =0 MB>: «!<>B@5;, :0: BK 1>@5HLAO, 8 7=0;». C45< 65 B5@?5;82K, 2>725;8:>4CH5AB2C5< =5<=>3>, AB5A=8< A51O 8 B5;> A2>5 ?@84028<, ?>@01>I0O 53> 8 40;5:> >B A51O >B1@0AK20O AB@0AB8. !B0@FK >0== 8 0@A>=>D89.  AO:89 4>;65= A 1;03>40@5=85< B5@?5BL B>, GB> ?> =5>1E>48<>AB8 ?>AB8305B 53>, A>AB@040BL 2A5< =0E>4OI8<AO 2 >1I568B88; 81> 8A?>;=O5B G@57 A85 70?>254L 0?>AB>;0, B> 5ABL, 5A;8 :B> A:>@18B, ?>A:>@18 A =8<, C25I09 53>, CB5HL 53> ( 8<. 12,15; 1 !>;. 5; 11,14). !   !#(/ 220 >@>D59.  >1@> ;8 =0< :B>-=81C4L A45;05B, 8;8 7;>5 ?>B5@?8< >B :>3>-=81C4L, <K 4>;6=K 278@0BL 3>@5 8 1;03>40@8BL >30 70 2A5, A;CG0NI55AO A =0<8 2A5340, C:>@OO A0<8E A51O 8 3>2>@O, :0: A:070;8 >BFK, GB> 5A;8 A;CG8BAO A =0<8 =5GB> 4>1@>5, B> MB> 45;> >68O @><KA;0, 0 5A;8 7;>5, B> MB> 3@5E8 =0H8, 81>, ?>8AB8=5, 2A5, GB> <K =8 B5@?8<, B5@?8< 70 3@5E8 =0H8. !2OBK5, 5A;8 8 AB@040NB, B> AB@040NB 70 8<O >685, 8;8 4;O B>3>, GB>1K >1=0@C68;8AL 4>1@>45B5;8 8E =0 ?>;L7C <=>38<, 8;8 4;O B>3>, GB>1K C<=>68;8AL 25=FK 8 =03@04K 8E >B >30.  =>9 @04C5BAO, :>340 53> >A:>@1;ONB, => ?>B><C, GB> 8<55B 2 284C =03@04C >B >30. !59 ?@8=04;568B : 8A:>@5=ONI8< AB@0ABL, => =5@07C<=>. @C3>9 @04C5BAO, ?>;CG0O >A:>@1;5=8O, 8 4C<05B, GB> >= 4>;65= 1K; ?@5B5@?5BL >A:>@1;5=8O, ?>B><C GB> A0< >= ?>40; ?>2>4 : B><C: A59 @07C<=> 8A:>@5=O5B AB@0ABL. 1> ?@8=8<0BL >A:>@1;5=85, 2>7;030BL 28=C =0 A51O 8 ?>G8B0BL 2A5 =0E>4OI55 =0 =0A 70 =0H5 A>1AB25==>5  5ABL 45;> @07C<0, ?>B><C GB> :064K9 <>;OI89AO >3C: «>A?>48, 409 <=5 A<8@5=85», 4>;65= 7=0BL, GB> >= ?@>A8B >30, 401K = ?>A;0; 5<C :>3>-=81C4L >A:>@18BL 53>. @C3>9 =5 B>;L:> @04C5BAO, :>340 53> >A:>@1;ONB, 8 ?>G8B05B 28=>2=K< A0<>3> A51O, => 8 A>60;55B > A<CI5=88 >A:>@182H53> 53>. >3 40 22545B =0A 2 B0:>2>5 CAB@>5=85.  ABL =5:>B>@K5 =5@07C<=K5 ;N48, 4> B>3> 87=5<>30NI85 ?@8 A;CG0NI8EAO A:>@1OE, GB> >=8 >B:07K20NBAO 8 >B A0<>9 687=8 8 AG8B0NB A;04:>N A<5@BL, ;8HL 1K B>;L:> 871028BLAO >B A:>@159, 1>;57=59 8 =0?0AB59 =0 75<;5, => MB> ?@>8AE>48B >B <0;>4CH8O 8 <=>3>3> =5@07C<8O, 81> B0:>2K5 =5 7=0NB B>9 AB@0H=>9 =C64K, :>B>@0O 2AB@5G05B =0A ?> 8AE>45 4CH8 87 B5;0. >B GB> ?>25AB2C5BAO 2 :=835 B5G=8:. 48= 25AL<0 @52=>AB=K9 1@0B A?@>A8; =5:>53> AB0@F0: «BG53> 4CH0 <>O 65;05B A<5@B8?» !B0@5F >B25G0; 5<C: «BB>3>, GB> BK 8715305HL A:>@18 8 =5 7=05HL, GB> 3@O4CI0O A:>@1L 3>@074> BO65;55 745H=59».  4@C3>9 B0:65 A?@>A8; AB0@F0: «BG53> O 2?040N 2 15A?5G=>ABL 8 C=K=85, ?@51K20O 2 :5;88 <>59?» !B0@5F A:070; 5<C: «BB>3>, GB> BK =5 C7=0; 5I5 =8 >68405<>3> ?>:>O, =8 1C4CI53> <CG5=8O, 81> 5A;8 1K BK 4>AB>25@=> 7=0; MB>, B> E>BO 1K :5;8O B2>O 1K;0 1K ?>;=0 G5@259, B0: GB> BK AB>O; 1K 2 =8E ?> A0<CN H5N, BK AB5@?5; 1K A85 =5 @0AA;01520O». > <K, A?O, E>B8< A?0AB8AL 8 ?>B><C 87=5<>305< 2 A:>@1OE; B>340 :0: <K 4>;6=K 1K;8 1K 1;03>40@8BL >30 8 AG8B0BL A51O 1;065==K<8, GB> A?>4>1;O5<AO =5<=>3> ?>A:>@15BL 745AL, 401K B0< >1@5AB8 <0;K9 ?>:>9.  CH0 G5;>25:0, :>340 ?5@5AB0=5B 8A?>;=OBL 3@5E8 =0 A0<>< 45;5, A?5@20 4>;6=0 ?>B@C48BLAO 2 ?>42830E 8 <=>38E A:>@1OE, 8 B0: G@57 A:>@18 2>9B8 2 A2OBK9 ?>:>9, 81> <=>38<8 A:>@1L<8 ?>4>105B =0< 2=8B8 2> &0@AB285. >685. (5O=. 14, 22). !:>@18 ?@82;5:0NB 4CH5 <8;>ABL >68N ?>4>1=> B><C, :0: 25B@K =0=>AOB 1;03>40B=K9 4>64L. 5@045=85, 15A?5G=>ABL 8 ?>:>9 75<=>9 @0AA;01;ONB 8 @0AA5820NB 4CHC, 8A:CH5=8O 65, =0?@>B82, A:@5?;ONB 8 A>548=ONB A >3><, :0: 3>2>@8B ?@>@>:: >A?>48, 2 A:>@18 ?><O=CE>< "O (A. 33, 2), ?>A5<C-B>, =0< =5 4>;6=> =8 A<CI0BLAO, =8 C=K20BL 2 8A:CH5=8OE, 0 =04>1=> B5@?5BL 8 1;03>40@8BL >30 2 A:>@1OE 8 2A5340 <>;8BLAO <C A> A<8@5=85<, GB>1K = A>B2>@8; <8;>ABL A =5<>ILN =0H59 8 ?>:@K; =0A >B 2AO:>3> 8A:CH5=8O 2> A;02C 3>. ;06. 804>E.  0: =5 @07>3@5BK9 8 =5 C<O3G5==K9 2>A: =5 <>65B 4>1@5 >B?5G0B;5BL =0;0305<CN =0 =53> ?5G0BL, B0: 8 G5;>25:, 5A;8 =5 1C45B 8A:CH5= B@C40<8 8 =5<>I0<8, =5 <>65B 2<5AB8BL ?5G0B8 4>1@>45B5;8 >6859. >4>105B A 1;03>40@5=85< ?@5B5@?520BL 2AO:85 8A?KB0=8O, 1K205<K5 ?> 2>;5 8 ?@><KH;5=8N >68N, 8 B>340 :0: 1>;57=8, B0: 8 1>@L10 A 45<>=A:8<8 ?><KA;0<8 2<5=8BAO =0< 2> 2B>@>5 <CG5=8G5AB2>. 1> 3>2>@82H89 B>340 CAB0<8 15770:>==KE =0G0;L=8:>2 A2. <CG5=8:0<: >B@5:8B5AL %@8AB0 8 2>7;N18B5 A;02C 25:0 A53>,  B> 65 8 =K=5 A0< 3>2>@8B @010< >688<; <CG82H89 B>340 B5;0 ?@0254=KE 8 :@09=5 ?>=>A82H89 G5AB=KE CG8B5;59 G@57 A;C682H8E 4802>;LA:8< >=K< <C4@>20=8O<, >= 65 (4802>;) 8 =K=5 =02>48B @07=K5 AB@040=8O =0 8A?>254=8:>2 1;03>G5AB8O A 25;8:8<8 ?>=>H5=8O<8 8 C=8G865=8O<8, >A>15==> :>340 >=8 A;02K @048 >A?>40 A 25;8:>9 A8;>9 ?><>30NB C3=5B05<K< 154=K<. !53> @048 =04;568B =0< A> 2A5< >?0AB2>< 8 B5@?5=85< A>7840BL 2 A515 B0:>5 A2845B5;LAB2> A>25AB8 ?@54 ;8F5 >A?>40: B5@?O ?>B5@?5E >A?>40 8 2=OB <8 (A. 39, 2). @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.   C4>1=> 8, 2<5AB5 A B5<, 4CH5?>;57=> B25@4> ?5@5=>A8BL 2AO:CN A:>@1L, ;N4L<8 ;8 >=0 ?@8G8=O5BAO 8;8 15A0<8, 7=0O, GB> <K 70A;C65==> ?>4;568< 2AO:>9 BO3>B5 8 =8:>3> ?@8 B><, :@><5 A51O A0<8E, 70 B> =5 C:>@OO. 52>7<>6=> <8=>20BL ?5G0;8 B><C, :B> >1CG05BAO 8A:CH5=8O<8; => ?>A;5 A53> 25;8:>9 A?>4>1;ONBAO @04>AB8 B0:>2K5, 8 A;57 A;04:8E 8 ?><KH;5=89 >65AB25==KE 70 B>, GB> 1>;57=>20=85 8 A>:@CH5=85 2>745;0;8 2 A5@4F0E A2>8E.  @5645 5B@C 2@CG0NBAO :;NG8, 0 ?>B>< ?>?CA:05BAO 5<C 2?0ABL 2 >B@5G5=85 >B %@8AB0 >A?>40, GB>1K ?045=85< B0:8< CF5;><C4@8BL 53> > A515 <C4@>20=85. "0: 8 BK, 5A;8, ?>;CG82 :;NG @07C<5=8O, ?>4?0405HL @07=K< 8A:CH5=8O<, =5 4828AL A5<C, => ?@>A;02;O9 48=>3> @5<C4@>3> >A?>40, ?045=8O<8 >1C74K20NI53> A0<><=5=85, =0E>4OI55 2A;54 70 >65AB25==K< 2545=85<: 81> 8A:CH5=8O ACBL C740 ?> >68N ?@><KH;5=8N, <>3CI0O >1C740BL G5;>25G5A:>5 =04<5=85. ;06. 0220 >A8<0.  5AK 1>OBAO, 5A;8 C284OB, GB> :B>-;81>, 1C4CG8 ?>425@65= >A:>@1;5=8N, 15AG5AB8N, CI5@10< 8 2AO:8< 4@C38< =5?@8OB=>ABO<, A:>@18B =5 > B><, GB> ?>425@3AO A5<C, => > B><, GB>, ?>425@3H8AL, =5 ?5@5=5A B>3> <C65AB25==>, 81> C@07C<5205B 87 A53>, GB> >= 2ABC?05B =0 8AB8==K9 ?CBL 8 8<55B B25@4>5 65;0=85 E>48BL 2 A>25@H5=AB25 ?> 70?>254O< >688<.  #=8GB>6L 8A:CH5=8O 8 ?><KA;K  8 =5 1C45B =8 >4=>3> A2OB>3>. 53CI89 >B 8A:CH5=8O A?0A8B5;L=>3>  1568B >B 25G=>9 687=8. 5:B> 87 A2OBKE 3>2>@8B: «B> 4>AB028; A2. <CG5=8:0< 25=FK >=K5, 5A;8 =5 <CG8B5;8 8E? B> 40@>20; A2. !B5D0=C B0:CN, >:@C60NICN 53>, A;02C, 5A;8 =5 B5, :>8 ?>18;8 53> :0<=O<8?»  ?@8;030O : A5<C 87@5G5=85 4@C3>3> A2OB>3>, :>B>@K9 3>2>@8;: «/ =5 28=N ?>=>AOI8E <5=O, 0, =0?@>B82, =07K20N 8E 8 ?>G8B0N A2>8<8 1;03>45B5;O<8; 8 =5 >B@520N @0G0 4CH, ?>40NI53> 8 BI5A;02=>9 4CH5 <>59 2@0G52AB2> 15AG5AB8O, 1>OAL, :0: 1K = =5:>340 8 <>59 154=>9 4CH5 =5 A:070;: 2@0G520E>< 028;>=0 8 =5 8AF5;5 (5@. 51, 9)». !2. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  «@>HC, >BG5, A:068, GB> 7=0G8B 4>;3>B5@?5BL?» !B0@5F >B25B8;: «KBL B25@4C 4CE>< 2 =5AG0ABLOE, A=>A8BL 2AO:>5 7;> 8 640BL :>=F0 8A:CH5=8N, =5 ?>72>;OO ?@>B>@30BLAO 3=52C, 8;8 A:070BL =5@07C<=>5 A;>2>, 8;8 70?>4>7@8BL GB>, 8;8 ?>4C<0BL GB> =5?@8;8G=>5 1;03>G5AB82><C G5;>25:C, :0: 3>2>@8B 8A0=85: 4> 2@5<5=8 AB5@?8B >;3>B5@?5;82K9, 8 ?>A;548 2>740AB 5<C 25A5;85 (!8@. 1, 23)». 1> <=>3> 87 A;CG0NI53>AO A =0<8 1K205B 2 =0CG5=85 =0A, 8;8 2> >G8I5=85 ?@>H54H8E 3@5E>2, 8;8 2 8A?@02;5=85 =0AB>OI53> =5@045=8O, 8;8 ?@54>B2@0I5=85 1C4CI8E ?045=89. B> ?><KH;O5B, GB> 8A:CH5=85 A;CG8;>AL A =8< 4;O G53>-;81> >4=>3> 87 ?>:070==>3>, B>B =5 AB0=5B 3=520BLAO, 1C4CG8 185=, >A>15==> :>340 A>7=05B ?@8 A5< 70 A>1>9 3@5E8; =5 AB0=5B >128=OBL B>3>, G@57 :>3> 8A:CH5=85, 81> G@57 =53> 8;8 G@57 4@C3>3> 2AOG5A:8 >= 4>;65= 1K; ?8BL G0HC AC4>2 >688E  => : >3C 2>77@8B C<>< 8 2>71;03>40@8B 3>, ?>?CAB82H53> 8A:CH5=85, >128=OO A51O >4=>3> 8 >E>B=> ?@8=8<0O 2@07C<;5=85, :0: ?>ABC?8; 0284.  =5@07C<=K9 G0AB> ?@>A8B C >30 <8;>AB8, :>340 65 ?@8E>48B <8;>ABL, =5 ?@8=8<05B, ?>B><C GB> ?@8H;0 =5 B0:, :0: 5<C E>B5;>AL, 0 :0: AC48; ?>;57=K< @0G 4CH. >G5<C <0;>4CH5AB2C5B, <OB5BAO 8 B> =0 ;N459 3=5205BAO, B> =0 >30 87@K305B EC;C, 8 B0:8< >1@07><, 8 =51;03>40@=>ABL >1=0@C68205B, 8 2@0G52AB20 >B 2@07C<8B5;L=>3> 657;0 =5 ?>;CG05B.  !BO602H89 2 A515 ;N1>2L >65AB25==CN, ?>4>1=> ?@>@. 5@5<88, =5 B@C6405BAO, ?>A;54CO >A?>4C >3C A2>5<C (5@. 1, 17, 16), => <C65AB25==> ?5@5=>A8B 2AO:85 B@C4K, >A:>@1;5=8O 8 ?>=>H5=8O, =5 <KA;O 7;0 A>25@H5==> =8 ?@>B82 :>3>.  >340 BO6:> B515 >B C:>@87=K 8;8 15AG5AB8O, B> 7=09, GB> BK 25;8:CN ?>;CG8; >B B>3> ?>;L7C,  81> G@57 C=8G865=85 ?@><KA;8B5;L=> 873=0=> 87 B51O BI5A;0285.  5<>=K 8;8 A0<8 =0A 8A:CH0NB, 8;8 2>>@C60NB ?@>B82 =0A ;N459, =5 1>OI8EAO >A?>40: A0<8 8A:CH0NB, :>340 C548=O5<AO >B ;N459, :0: 8A:CH05< 1K; >A?>4L 2 ?CABK=5; 8A:CH0NB G@57 ;N459, :>340 >1@0I05<AO A ;N4L<8, :0: >?OBL 8A:CH0;8 >A?>40 G@57 D0@8A552. > <K, 278@0O =0 >1@075F =0H, B. 5. >A?>40, >B@078< 8E 2 B>< 8 4@C3>< A;CG05.  A;8 ?@8945B =0 B51O =5G0O==>5 8A:CH5=85, =5 28=8 B>3>, G@57 :>3> >=> ?@8H;>, 0 8I8  4;O G53> >=> ?@8H;>, 8 >1@5B5HL 8A?@02;5=85.  '5< BK 7;>=@02=55, B5< <5=55 >B@8F09AO >B 7;>AB@040=8O, 401K A<8@5= 1K2 8<, 87@K3=C; BK 3>@4>ABL.  A:CH5=8O =02>4OBAO =0 >4=8E 4;O 873;0645=8O 3@5E>2, ?@5645 1K2H8E; =0 4@C38E  4;O ?@5:@0I5=8O B5?5@L 455<KE, 0 =0 8=KE  4;O ?@54>B2@0I5=8O 8<5NI8E 1KBL A>45O==K<8, :@><5 B5E, :>8 1K20NB 4;O 8A?KB0=8O G5;>25:0, :0: B> 1K;> A >2><. OB8 @048 ?@8G8= >B >30 ?>?CA:05BAO =0< 1KBL 1>@8<K<8 >B 45<>=>2: 1-O ?@8G8=0 B0, GB>1K <K, 1C4CG8 1>@8<K 8 ?@>B82>1>@AB2CO, 4>H;8 4> C<5=8O @07;8G0BL 4>1@>45B5;L >B 3@5E0; 2-O  GB>1K <K, 1>@L1>9 8 B@C4>< A=8A:02 4>1@>45B5;L, 8<5;8 55 B25@4>9 8 =587<5==>9; 3-O  GB>1K, ?@5CA?520O 2 4>1@>45B5;8, <K =5 2KA>:> > A515 <C4@AB2>20;8, => =0CG8;8AL A<8@5==><C4@8N; 4-O  GB>1K, 8A?KB02 45;><, A:>;L 7>; 3@5E, A>25@H5==>9 2>7=5=02845;8 53> =5=028ABLN; 5-O 8 206=59H0O  GB>1K, A45;02H8AL 15AAB@0AB=K<8, =5 701K20;8 <K A2>59 =5<>I8 8 A8;K ><>3H53> =0<.  !?0AB8AL 8A:@5==> 65;05B B>B, :B> =5 ?@>B828BAO 2@0G520B5;L=K< ;5:0@AB20<; ;5:0@AB20 65 A88  ACBL A:>@18 8 ?5G0;8, @07=K<8 =5AG0ABLO<8 =02>48<K5. @>B82OI89AO 65 1540< =5 7=05B =8 B>3>, :0:>9 B>@3 845B C =0A 745AL =0 75<;5, =8 B>3>, A :0:>N ?@81K;LN >BK45B >= >BAN40. A;8 ;N1>2L 4>;3>B5@?8B 8 <8;>A5@4C5B (1 >@. 13, 4), B> <0;>4CH5AB2CNI89 ?@8 ?5G0;L=KE ?@8:;NG5=8OE, 7;>1AB2CNI89 =0 >?5G0;82H8E 53> 8 >BA5:0NI89 A51O >B ;N128 : =8< =5 >BABC?05B ;8 >B F5;8 >68O @><KA;0?  >;3>B5@?5;82 B>B, :B> 645B 4> :>=F0 8A:CH5=8O 8 ?>;CG05B ?>E20;C 70 ?@5B5@?5==>5.  A;8 >3 AB@0645B ?;>B8N, 1K2 G5;>25:, B> :B> =5 ?>@04C5BAO, :>340 AB@0405B, 8<5O >30 A>CG0AB=8:>< 2 AB@040=88? 1> A>AB@040=85 5<C 28=>2=> 1K205B &0@AB28O. AB8=5= A:0702H89: A 8< AB@0645<, 40 8 A 8< ?@>A;028<AO ( 8<. 8, 17).  B@5G5<AO, A:>;L:> A8;K 5ABL, >B C4>2>;LAB289 =0AB>OI59 687=8 8 >B AB@0E0 ?@8A:>@1=>AB59 55 8 2A5:>=5G=> 871028<AO >B 2AO:>3> AB@0AB=>3> ?><KA;0 8 >B 2AO:>9 7;>:>7=5==>AB8 45<>=A:>9. 1> @048 C4>2>;LAB28O ;N18< <K AB@0AB8 8 ?> ?@8G8=5 ?@8A:>@1=>AB59 15305< 4>1@>45B5;8.  =52 >689 5ABL 1>;57=5==>5 GC2AB2> >1CG05<KE; ?@8G8=O5BAO 65 A85 GC2AB2> 1>;57=5==>5 =02545=85< =52>;L=KE =5?@8OB=>AB59 2 687=8, :>8<8 >3 G0AB> ?@82>48B : A:@><=>AB8 8 A<8@5=8N C<, =04<520NI89AO 4>1@>45B5;LN 8 7=0=85<, 4020O 5<C G@57 =8E ?>7=0BL A0<>3> A51O 8 A>7=0BL A2>N =5<>IL, 2>AGC2AB2>202 :>B>@CN, >= >B;0305B AC5B=>5 =04<5=85 A5@4F0. @5?. 0220 $0;0AA89.  ;03>4CH=>5 ?5@5=5A5=85 AB@0H=KE =0?@0A;8= @>6405B =57;>185; B5@?5=85 65 4> :>=F0 8A:>@5=O5B 87 4CH8 2A5 EC4>5. !2. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  "5<, :>B>@K5 7;>A;>2OB 8 C:>@ONB =0A 8;8 4@C38< :0:8< >1@07>< =0?040NB =0 =0A, =5 B5< 65 >B25G0BL ?>;CG8;8 <K 70?>254L, B.5. =5 ?@>B82>7;>A;>28BL 8 =5 ?@>B82>C:>@OBL, 0, =0?@>B82, 4>1@K5 3>2>@8BL > =8E @5G8 8 1;03>A;>2;OBL 8E. 1> :>340 <K <8@AB2C5< A ;N4L<8 =5<8@=K<8, B>340 2 1@0=8, 8;8 18B25, A>AB>8< A 45<>=0<8; :>340 65 A 1@0BLO<8 <K A>AB>8< 2 =5?@8O7=8 8 1@0=8, B>340 <8@AB2C5< A 45<>=0<8, :>B>@KE =0CG5=K <K A>25@H5==>N =5=02845BL =5=028ABLN 8 =5?@5@K2=CN 25AB8 A =8<8 1@0=L. ;8O :48:.  5 >A:>@1;O9AO =0 B>3>, :B> ?@>B82 B2>59 2>;8 >?5@8@>20; B51O (B. 5. >1;8G5=85< 2K25; =0@C6C :@>NI55AO 2 B515 7;>), =>, 278@0O =0 2K1@>H5==CN =5G8AB>BC, A51O >:0O209, 0 >30, 1K2H53> ?@8G8=>9 B0:>3> > B515 CAB@>5=8O, 1;03>A;>2;O9. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  5 E>G5B >3, GB>1K 45;0=85 @52=>AB=KE ?>4286=8:>2 >AB020;>AL =58A:CH5==K<, => GB>1K ?>425@30;>AL 1>;LH8< 8A?KB0=8O<. >G5<C =0?CA:05B =0 =8E >3=L 8A:CH5=89 8 =0 2@5<O A:@K205B 405<CN 8< A2KH5 1;03>40BL, 0 4CE0< 7;>1K 8=>9 @07 ?>?CA:05B 272>;=>2K20BL B8H8=C ?><KA;>2 8E, GB>1K 2845BL A:;>=5=85 4CH8, :><C >=0 1>;LH5 C3>48BL E>G5B  "2>@FC ;8 8 ;03>45B5;N A2>5<C 8;8 <8@A:><C GC2AB2C 8 A;0AB8 C4>2>;LAB28O GC2AB25==>3>.  ?>B><,  8;8 CAC3C1;O5B 8< 1;03>40BL, 5A;8 >=8 ?@5CA?520NB 2 ;N128 3>, 8;8 18GC5B 8A:CH5=8O<8 8 A:>@1O<8, 5A;8 ?@8AB@0AB=K : 75<=K< 25I0<, ?>:0 2>A?@88<CB =5=028ABL : 2848<K< 1;030<, ?> ?@8G8=5 87<5=G82>3> 8E =5?>AB>O=AB20, 8 3>@5GL C4>2>;LAB28O >B =8E ?>B>?OB 2 A;570E.  !;020 >A?>4C >3C, 3>@L:8<8 2@0G52AB20<8 (1540<8, 8A:CH5=8O<8) 2 A;04>ABL 74@028O =0A 22>4OI5<C! @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  "5@?8 A:>@18, ?>B><C GB> 2 =8E, :0: @>7K 2 B5@=0E, 70@>640NBAO 8 A>7@520NB 4>1@>45B5;8. @5?. A00: !8@88.  A;8 =5 <>65HL ?>B@C48BLAO B5;><, ?>A:>@18 E>BO <KA;LN.  >A?>4L A=>A8B 2AO:85 =5<>I8 G5;>25G5A:85, =5 B5@?8B 65 G5;>25:0, 2A5340 @>?ICI53>, 8 =5 >AB02;O5B 157 2@07C<;5=8O.  ;06. 804>E.  @0G0 ?@83;0H0BL 2> 2@5<O =54C3>2 =8GB> =5 ?@5?OBAB2C5B. >3 ?@>2845;, GB> 1C45B =C640 2> 2@0G520B5;L-=>< 8A:CAAB25, 8 1;03>2>;8;, GB>1K >=>, =0:>=5F, A>AB028;>AL =0 >A=>20=88 >?KB>2 G5;>25G5A:8E; 4;O B>3> =0?5@54 40; 1KB85 8 2@0G52AB20< 2 @O4C B2>@5=89. ?@>G5<, =5 =0 =8E 4>;6=> ?>;030BL =04564C C2@0G520=8O, => =0 8AB8==>3> =0H53> @0G0 8 !?0A8B5;O 8ACA0 %@8AB0. -B>, >4=0:> 6, O 3>2>@N B5<, :>B>@>5 687=L ?>4286=8G5A:CN ?@>2>4OB 2 :8=>28OE 8;8 2 3>@>40E, ?> B>9 ?@8G8=5, GB> >=8, AC4O ?> B5G5=8N ?@8:;NG0NI8EAO A =8<8 >1AB>OB5;LAB2, =5 2A5340 <>3CB 8<5BL =5?@5AB0NI8< 459AB2> 25@K, 1C4CG8 >:@C65=K ;N1>2LN, 0 B> 8 ?> B>9, GB>1K =5 2?040;8 >=8 2 BI5A;0285 8 2 8A:CH5=85 4802>;0, ?> :>B>@K< =5:>B>@K5 87 =8E ?@8 <=>38E >1JO2;ONB, GB> =5 8<5NB =C64K 2> 2@0G51=>9 ?><>I8. A;8 65 :B> >BH5;L=8G5A:CN 687=L ?@>2>48B 2 <5AB0E ?CABK==KE A 2 8;8 3 548=>25@=K<8 1@0BLO<8, B> :0:8< 1K =54C30< =5 ?>425@30;AO >=, 40 ?@540AB A51O 48=><C >A?>4C, &5;8B5;N 2AO:>9 =0H59 1>;57=8 8 =5<>I8. > >A?>45 >= 2 A0<>9 ?CABK=5 8<55B 4>2>;L=>5 CB5H5=85 2 1>;57=OE.  B><C 65, :0: 459AB2> 25@K <>65B C =53> =5 >A:C4520BL =8:>340, B0: 8 2KAB028BL =0?>:07 A2>N 4>1@>45B5;L B5@?5=8O =5 8<55B >= 2>7<>6=>AB8, 1C4CG8 ?@8:@KB 4>1@>9 7025A>9 ?CABK=8. ;O A53>-B> >A?>4L 8 2A5;O5B 548=><KA;5==KO 2 4>< (A. 67, 7). @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  7<>645=85 B5;0  C:@5?;5=85 4CH8. 0: 2@0G8, B5;> 2@0GCNI85, =5 >4=> 8 B> 65 ?@54;030NB ;5:0@AB2>, B0: 8 >3, 2@0GCO 4CH52=K5 1>;57=8, =5 >48= 4;O 2A5E ?@83>4=K9 7=05B A?>A>1 2@0G520=8O,  => :064>9 4CH5, ?>4020O 1;03>?>B@51=>5, A>25@H05B 8AF5;5=8O. >71;03>40@8< 65 3>, 1C4CG8 2@0GC5<K, E>BO 1K 1K20NI55 A =0<8 8 <C:C 8<5;>, 81> :>=5F 1;065=. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  >;57=8 ?>;57=K 4;O B5E, :>8 B>;L:> 22>4OBAO 2 4>1@>45B5;L=CN 687=L, B5<, GB> A>459AB2CNB 8< : 8AB>I0=8N 8 CA<8@5=8N 3>@OG59 ?;>B8. =8 A8;C ?;>B8 45;0NB A;0159H5N, 3@C1>5 ?5@AB=>5 <C4@>20=85 4CH8 8AB>=G020NB, 55 65 A>1AB25==CN A8;C A>45;K20NB A8;L=59H59 8 <>I=59H59, ?> 1>65AB25==><C 02;C: 5340 1> =5<>IAB2CN, B>340 A8;5= 5A<L (2 >@. 12,10). @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.   1>;57=OE, ?@5645 2@0G59 8 ;5:0@AB2, ?>;L7C9AO <>;8B2>9. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  >;57=L ?>AK;05BAO 8=>340 4;O >G8I5=8O A>3@5H5=89, 0 8=>340 4;O B>3>, GB>1K A<8@8BL 2>7=>H5=85. " !2OB>9 0A8;89 5;8:89.  1. >;8B20 5ABL ?@>H5=85 1;03, 2>AAK;05<>5 1;03>G5AB82K<8 : >3C.  > =04>1=> =5 2 A;>20E >4=8E ?>AB02;OBL <>;8B2C, 0 ?0G5 2 4CH52=>< @0A?>;>65=88 <>;8B25==><.  <>;8BLAO =04>1=> 2A5340, ?@8 2AO:>< A;CG05. !848HL ;8 70 AB>;><  <>;8AL; 2:CH0O E;51  2>7409 1;03>40@5=85 402H5<C >A?>4C; ?>4:@5?;OO =5<>IL B5;0 28=><  ?><=8 >402H53> B515 40@ A59 =0 25A5;85 A5@4FC 8 2 >1;8G5=85 =54C3>2. 8=>20;0AL ;8 ?>B@51=>ABL 2 A=54OE  40 =5 ?@5:@0I05BAO ?0<OB>20=85 > ;03>45B5;5. 045205HL E8B>=  1;03>40@8 02H53>; >1;5:05HLAO 2 >4564C  CAC3C1L ;N1>2L : >3C, 40@>202H5<C =0< ?>:@>2K, ?@83>4=K5 4;O 78<K 8 ;5B0, >E@0=ONI85 687=L =0HC 8 70:@K20NI85 =0H5 157>1@0785. @>H5; ;8 45=L  1;03>40@8 0@>202H53> =0< A>;=F5 4;O >B?@02;5=8O 4=52=KE 45; 8 02H53> >3>=L >A25I0BL =>GL 8 A;C68BL 4;O ?@>G8E 68B59A:8E ?>B@51. >GL ?CABL 4>AB028B B515 4@C385 ?>1C645=8O : <>;8B25. >340 2>77@8HL =0 =51> 8 CAB@5<8HL 27>@ =0 :@0A>BC 72574, <>;8AL ;04K:5 2848<>3> 8 ?>:;>=8AL =08;CGH5<C %C4>6=8:C 2AOG5A:8E, >3C, >B>@K9 2AO ?@5<C4@>AB8» A>B2>@8; (A. 103, 24). >340 C2848HL, GB> 2AO 682>B=0O ?@8@>40 >1JOB0 A=><, >?OBL ?>:;>=8AL "><C, B> ?>A@54AB2>< A=0 8 ?@>B82 2>;8 =0H59 @07@5H05B =0A >B =5?@5@K2=>AB8 B@C4>2 8 G@57 <0;>5 CA?>:>5=85 >?OBL ?@82>48B 2 1>4@>ABL A8;K. >MB><C =>GL =5 2AO 40 1C45B C B51O C45;>< A=0,  =5 ?>?CA:09, GB>1K >B A>==>3> 15AGC2AB28O A45;0;0AL 15A?>;57=>N ?>;>28=0 687=8; =0?@>B82, =>G=>5 2@5<O 40 @0745;8BAO C B51O =0 A>= 8 =0 <>;8B2C. "0:8< >1@07><, =5?@5AB0==> 1C45HL <>;8BLAO, =5 2 A;>20E 70:;NG0O <>;8B2C, => G@57 2A5 B5G5=85 687=8 ?@81;860OAL : >3C, GB>1K 687=L B2>O 1K;0 =5?@5@K2=>N 8 =5?@5AB0==>N <>;8B2>N. 2. 0: 4>AB83=CBL =5@0AA5O==>AB8 2 <>;8B25?  5A><=5==> C15482H8AL, GB> >3 ?@54 >G0<8. A;8 B>B, :B> 2848B =0G0;L=8:0 8;8 =0AB>OB5;O 8 15A54C5B A =8<, =5 >B2@0I05B >B =535 27>@0; B> :>;L<8 ?0G5 <>;OI89AO >3C 1C45B 8<5BL C<, =5 C:;>=ONI89AO >B A?KBCNI53> A5@4F0 8 CB@>1K, 8A?>;=OO =0?8A0==>5: 2>745NI5 ?@5?>4>1=K9 @C:8 157 3=520 8 @07<KH;5=8O (1 "8<. 2, 8). 3. >;8B20 8<55B 420 2840: ?5@2K9  A;02>A;>285 A> A<8@5==><C4@85<, 0 2B>@>9, =87H89,  ?@>H5=85. >A5<C, <>;OAL, =5 24@C3 ?@8ABC?09 : ?@>H5=8N, 2 ?@>B82=>< A;CG05 A0< > A2>5< ?@>872>;5=88 405HL 2A5< 7=0BL, GB> <>;8HLAO >3C, 2K=C645==K9 ?>B@51=>ABLN.  @>A8 B>3>, GB> 4>AB>9=> >30, =5 ?5@5AB0209 ?@>A8BL, ?>:0 =5 ?>;CG8HL. %>BO ?@>945B <5AOF, 8 3>4, 8 B@5E;5B85, 8 1>;LH55 G8A;> ;5B, ?>:0 =5 ?>;CG8HL, =5 >BABC?09, => ?@>A8 A 25@>N, =5?@5AB0==> 45;0O 4>1@>. !2OB8B5;L $5>D0= 0B2>@=8:.  59AB285 <>;8B2K C A2. >BF>2 1K;> ?@87=0:>< 687=8 4CE>2=>9, 8 >=8 8<5=>20;8 55 4KE0=85< 4CE0. ABL 4KE0=85 2 B5;5  6825B B5;>; ?@5:@0B8BAO 4KE0=85  ?@5:@0I05BAO 8 687=L. "0: 8 2 4CE5. ABL <>;8B20  6825B 4CE, =5B <>;8B2K  =5B 8 687=8 2 4CE5. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  >340 G5;>25: 4>945B 4> B>9 AB5?5=8, GB> A5@4F5 53> 459AB28B5;L=> 8A?>;=8BAO 25@K (25@0 A>25@H5==0O, >?KB=0O), B>340 5<C >B:@K205BAO, GB> 2A5 <=>65AB2> 4CE>2=KE 1;03 45;05BAO 4;O =53> 4>ABC?=K< <>;8B2>N.  B> 65;05B 2845BL >A?>40 2=CB@8 A51O, 40 =0?@O65BAO 2A5CA8;L=> >G8AB8BL A5@4F5 A2>5 =5?@5AB0==K< ?0<OB>20=85< > >35, 8 B0:> 2> A25B;>AB8 C<0 A2>53> 2AO:89 G0A >= 1C45B 7@5BL >A?>40. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  K205B, GB> :>340 AB>8< =0 <>;8B25, 2AB@5G05BAO 45;> 1;03>B2>@5=8O, =5 4>?CA:0NI55 ?@><54;5=8O.  B0:>< A;CG05 =04> ?@54?>G5ABL 45;> ;N128. 1> ;N1>2L 1>;LH5 <>;8B2K, B0: :0: <>;8B20 5ABL 4>1@>45B5;L G0AB=0O, 0 ;N1>2L >1J5<;5B 2A5 4>1@>45B5;8.  0 =5 >1>;LI05B =0A 3>@45;82>5 CA5@485, ?>1C640O ?@5645 2@5<5=8 8A:0BL B>3>, GB> ?@845B 2 A2>5 2@5<O. 0G0;> <>;8B2K A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K >B3>=OBL ?@8E>4OI85 ?><KA;K ?@8 A0<>< 8E ?>O2;5=88, A@548=0 65 2 B><, GB>1K C< 70:;NG0;AO 2 A;>20E, :>B>@K5 3>2>@8< 8;8 ?><KH;O5<; 0 A>25@H5=AB2> <>;8B2K 5ABL 2>AE8I5=85 :> >A?>4C ;LO :48:.  5 <>65B G8AB> <>;8BLAO B>B, :B> >45@68< :>@KAB>;N182>N 8 G5AB>;N182CN AB@0ABLN. 1> ?@8AB@0AB85 : A8< 25I0< 8 AC5B=K5 ?><KA;K >?CBK20NB B0:>3>, :0: 25@28O<8, 8 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K A>2;5:0NB 53> 4>;C, :0: 1K205B A ?@82O70==>9 ?B8F59, :>340 >=0 ?>:CH05BAO ?>4=OBLAO =0 2>74CE.  5 <>65B A>4@C68BLAO A <>;8B2>9 B>B, :B> =5 >B@5:AO >B 2A53> 25I5AB25==>3>, :@><5 ?8I8 8 >4564K (1 "8<. 6, 8). !B0=L 2=5 2A53> 4@C3>3>, 5A;8 65;05HL 1KBL 2 <>;8B25 A 548=K< C<><. «A;8 2 ;>=> 4CH8 =5 2=84CB A;>25A0 <>;8B2K, B> A;57K =5 ><>NB ;0=8B 4CH8. 'B> ?8I0 157 A>;8 4;O 3>@B0=8, B> <>;8B20, 157 A>:@CH5=8O ?@>E>48<0O, 4;O C<0».  >42870NI5<CAO =04> B5;> A2>5 >3@0=8G8BL >4=8< 284>< ?8I8, 0 C<  >4=>A;>2=>N <>;8B2>N.  B>340, AB02 =5C45@68205< AB@0ABO<8, 1C45B >= 2 A>AB>O=88 2>AB>@30BLAO : >A?>4C 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K.  >3 2A5E 2848B; >30 65 284OB >4=8 B5, :>8 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K =8G53> 4@C3>3>, :@><5 >30 =5 284OB.  :>B>@K5 284OB B0:8< >1@07>< >30, B5 8 CA;KH0=K 1K20NB >B 53>; :>B>@K5 65 =5 1K20NB CA;KH0=K, B5 8 =5 284OB 3>. ;065= B>B, :B> 25@C5B, GB> 2848< 5ABL >B >30, 81> B0:>2K9 =5 ?>4283=5BAO A ?CB8 1;03>C3>645=8O <C (A. 15, 8). ;06. 0;;8AB.  >:CH5=85 B5E, :>B>@K5 ?@5645 2@5<5=8 27KA:820NB B>3>, GB> 1K205B 2 A2>5 2@5<O, 8 BI0BAO =0A8;L=> ?@>B5A=8BLAO 2 ?@8AB0=L 15AAB@0AB8O 157 4>;6=>3> : B><C ?@83>B>2;5=8O, A2. >BFK =07K20NB C<>8AABC?;5=85<, 81> =5 7=0NI5<C 1C:2 =52>7<>6=> G8B0BL :=838. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  #< 40 E@0=8B A5@4F5 2 B> 2@5<O, :>340 <>;8BAO, 8 2=CB@8 53> 40 2@0I05BAO =5>BE>4=> 8 >BBC40 87 3;C18=K A5@4F0 40 2>AAK;05B <>;8B2K : >3C.  MB>< 2A5, B@C48AL, ?>:0 =5 2:CA8HL >A?>40. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  >AB>8= 2AO:>3> ?>@8F0=8O B>B, :B>, ;N1O 8AB8==CN <>;8B2C, 3=5205BAO 8;8 7;>?0<OBAB2C5B, 81> >= ?>E>6 =0 B>3>, :B> 65;05B >AB@> A<>B@5BL, 0 <564C B5< 70?>@>H8205B 3;070.  ABL 2KAH0O <>;8B20 A>25@H5==KE, =5:>5 2>AE8I5=85 C<0, 2A5F5;>5 >B@5H5=85 53> >B GC2AB25==>3>, :>340 =5873>;0==K<8 2>74KE0=8O<8 4CE0 ?@81;8605BAO >= : >3C, >B>@K9 2848B @0A?>;>65=85 A5@4F0, >B25@AB>5 ?>4>1=> 8A?8A0==>9 :=835 8 2 15AG8A;5==KE >1@070E 2K@060NI55 2>;N A2>N.  A;8 65;05HL ABO60BL <>;8B2C, >B@5:8AL >B 2A53>, 40 2A5 =0A;54C5HL.  ;065= <C6, :>B>@K9 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K E@0=8B A>25@H5==CN 157>1@07=>ABL 8;8 157<5GB0=85.  >;8B20 5ABL 25B2L >B 4@520 :@>B>AB8 8 1573=528O, ?@>O2;5=85 @04>AB8 8 1;03>40@5=8O, 2@0G52AB2> ?5G0;8 8 C=K=8O. A;8 BK B5@?5;82, B> 2A5340 1C45HL <>;8BLAO A @04>ABLN.  =5 ABO602H89 G8AB>9 <>;8B2K =5 8<55B >@C68O 2 1@0=8.  ! >3>< 15A54C9 <=>3>, 0 A G5;>25:>< <0;>...  ;03>45B5;L=0O 4;O 4CH8 10=O  A;57K 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K, => ?>A;5 <>;8B2K ?><=8, > G5< BK ?;0:0;. @5?. 8:>48< !2OB>3>@5F.  5 A;>2>< B>;L:> =04> <>;8BLAO, => 8 C<><; 8 =5 C<>< B>;L:>, => 8 A5@4F5<; 40 OA=> 2848B 8 ?>=8<05B C<, GB> ?@>87=>A8BAO A;>2><, 8 A5@4F5 40 GC2AB2C5B, GB> ?><KH;O5B ?@8 A5< C<. A5 A85 2 A>2>:C?=>AB8 8 5ABL =0AB>OI0O <>;8B20; 8 5A;8 =5B 2 <>;8B25 B2>59 G53>-;81> 87 A53>, B> >=0 5ABL 8;8 =5A>25@H5==0O <>;8B20, 8;8 A>2A5< =5 <>;8B20. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  4=064K 1@0B, C :>B>@>3> =54>AB020;> @52=>AB8 > A?0A5=88, ?@8H54H8 : A2. =B>=8N, ?@>A8; 53> ?><>;8BLAO > =5<. 5;8:89 AB0@5F >B25B8;: «8 O =8 >3 =5 A60;OBAO =04 B>1>N, 5A;8 BK =5 1C45HL 701>B8BLAO A0< > A515 8 <>;8BLAO >3C». ;06. 804>E.  081>;55 C?@06=OBLAO 2 <>;8B25, 0 =5 1>3>A;>2AB2>20=88. #< =0H 1>;LH5N G0ABLN <0;> @0A?>;>65= 1K205B : <>;8B25 ?> ?@8G8=5 CB5A=5=8O 53> 8 >3@0=8G5=8O <>;8B25==>N 4>1@>45B5;LN; 2 1>3>A;>2AB2>20=85 65 >= >E>B=> 2405BAO ?> ?@8G8=5 ?@>AB>@0 8 =5>3@0=8G5=8O >65AB25==KE A>75@F0=89. B0:, GB>1K =5 4020BL E>40 53> A2>1>4=><C 2 A515 @073;03>;LAB2>20=8N 8 =5 ?>1;060BL 53> >E>B5 157<5@=> ?@54020BLAO 2KA?@5==8< ?0@5=8O<, 1C45< C?@06=OBLAO =081>;55 2 <>;8B25. >340 4CH0 5AB5AB25==K<8 A2>8<8. 87>18;C5B ?;>40<8, B>340 25;53;0A=59H5 A>25@H05B 8 ?A0;<>?5=85 A2>5 8 1K205B @0A?>;>65=0 <>;8BLAO =08?0G5 3;0A><. >340 65 >=0 2>7459AB2C5<0 1K205B CE>< !2OBK<, B>340 A> 2A5N >B@04>N 8 A;04>ABLN ?>5B 8 <>;8B2K 2 >4=>< A5@4F5. 0 ?5@2K< =0AB@>5=85< A;54C5B @04>ABL <5GB0B5;L=0O (>B A0<>4>2>;LAB20), 0 70 2B>@K<  A;57K 4CE>2=K5, 0 ?>B>< @04>20=85 =5:>5 157<>;25;N182>5; 81> ?0<OBL, ?@8 C45@60=88 3;0A0 ?@51K20O B5?;>N, =0AB@08205B A5@4F0 ?@>872>48BL A;57>B2>@=K5 =5:85 8 2 A51O C3;C1;ONI85 ?><KH;5=8O.  MB><, 2>8AB8=C, <>6=> 2845BL A5<5=0 <>;8B2K A> A;570<8, @04>AB=>, >4=0:> 6, A55<K5 =0 75<;5 A5@4F0, 2 25@=>9 =045645 >18;L=>9 60B2K (A. 125, 5). ?@>G5<, :>340 1K205< ?>402;O5<K 1>;LH>N ?5G0;LN, B>340 =04> =5<=>3> 3@><G5 A>25@H0BL A2>5 ?A0;<>?5=85, @04>ABLN =04564K ?>402;OO A:>@1=K5 2>?;8 4CH8, ?>:0 MB> BO65;>5 >1;0:> ?5G0;8 =5 @07255BAO 25B@>< ?A0;<A:>9 <5;>488. @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.  >B>@K5 A8;L=55 =0;530NB =0 <>;8B2C, B5 ?>425@30NBAO 1>;55 AB@0H=K< 8 A28@5?K< 8A:CH5=8O<. >;389 ?>4283 2 <>;8B20E 8 =5<0;>5 2@5<O ?>B@51=K 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 2 =5ABC605<>< CAB@>5=88 C<0 >1@5AB8 8=>5 =5:>5 A5@45G=>5 =51>, 345 >18B05B %@8AB>A.  +" " !!(!"# " !/"+% @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  =>3> 1> <>65B <>;8B20 ?@0254=>3> ?>A?5H5AB2C5<0 (0:. 5, 16). >A?5H5AB2C5<0 65 >=0 1K205B 42>O:>: 1) :>340 <>;OI89AO A0< ?@02545= 8 2>7=>A8B : >3C <>;8B2C ?@8 45;0E ?> 70?>254O<, :0: B0:CN, :>B>@0O =8 2 >4=>< B>;L:> A;>25 A>AB>8B 8 =5 ?CABK< 72C:>< 3>;>A0 ?@>87=>A8BAO, 8 ?@54;568B ?@074=>N 8 =8G53> B25@4>3> ?>4 A>1>N =5 8<5NI5N, => 5ABL 459AB25==0 8 6820, 2>>4CH52;O5<0 1C4CG8 45;0<8 ?> 70?>254O<. 1> A8;0 8 A>AB>OB5;L=>ABL <>;8B2K 7028AOB >B 8A?>;=5=8O 70?>25459 G@57 B2>@5=85 4>1@>45B59; 2A;54AB285 G53> ?@0254=K9 8<55B A8;L=CN 8 <=>3><>3CGCN <>;8B2C, ?>A?5H5AB2C5<CN 70?>254O<8. 2) :>340 :B>, ?@>AO <>;8B2K C ?@0254=>3>, A0< B2>@8B 45;0 <>;8B2K, >15I0O 8A?@028BL 8 459AB28B5;L=> 8A?@02;OO ?@56=NN 687=L 8 B0:8< 4>1@K< A2>8< >1@0I5=85< 45;0O <>;8B2C ?@0254=>3> A8;L=>N 8 <=>3><>3CI5N.  4=>3> B>;L:> =0AB>OB5;L=> 8 =5>BABC?=> 8I8 (2 <>;8B25)  GB>1K =5 >B?0ABL >B >30. @5?. >0== 0AA80=.  > ?@54<5B0< 0?>AB>; @07;8G05B G5BK@5 2840 <>;8B2: <>;8B2K, <>;5=8O (?@>A52E0A), ?@>H5=8O, 1;03>40@5=8O (1 "8<. 2,1). >;8B20  5ABL <>;5=85 8;8 C<0;820=85 > 3@5E0E, :>340 :B>, ?@8H54H8 2 A>:@CH5=85 > A>45O==KE 8< =0AB>OI8E 8;8 ?@>H54H8E 3@5E0E, 8A?@0H8205B ?@>I5=8O 2 =8E; <>;5=85 1K205B, :>340 :B>, <>;OAL, GB>-;81> ?@8=>A8B 8;8 >15I05B >3C, 3>2>@O: «/ B> 8 B> A45;0N, B>;L:> CI54@8, >A?>48!» @>H5=85 1K205B, :>340, =0E>4OAL 2 3>@OG=>AB8 4CE0, 2>AAK;05< <>;8B2K 70 4@C38E, > B5E, :>3> <K ;N18<, 8;8 > <8@5 2A53> <8@0; 1;03>40@5=85  :>340 C< ?@8=>A8B >3C 1;03>40@=>ABL 8 A;02>A;>285, 2A?><8=0O ?@>H54H85 1;03>45O=8O >689 8;8 284O =0AB>OI85, 8;8 ?@>7@520O, :0:85 2 1C4CI5< C3>B>20; >3 1;030 ;N1OI8< 3>.  %>BO <>;8B20 >A?>4=O «BG5 =0H», 1C4CG8 87@5G5=0 !0<8< >A?>4><, 70:;NG05B 2 A515 ?>;=>BC A>25@H5=AB20 <>;8B25==>3>, >4=0:> 6 >A?>4L ?@8A=KE !2>8E ?@>2>48B 5I5 40;55,  : 2>72KH5==59H5<C =5:>5<C A>AB>O=8N, : B>9 ?;0<5==>9, 25AL<0 =5<=>38<8 4>7=0==>9 8;8 8A?KB0==>9, 4065 A:06C, =587@5G5==>9 <>;8B25, :>B>@0O, ?@52>AE>4O 2AO:>5 G5;>25G5A:>5 ?>=OB85, =5 72C:>< 3>;>A0, =5 42865=85< O7K:0 8 ?@>87=5A5=85< :0:8E-;81> A;>2 >1>7=0G05BAO 8 :>B>@CN C<, 87;8O=85< =515A=>3> >=>3> A25B0 >70@5==K9, =5>A;01=> G5;>25G5A:>N @5GLN 2K@0605B, =>, A>1@02 GC2AB20, :0: 1K 87 >18;L=59H53> =5:>53> 8AB>G=8:0 87;8205B 87 A51O =5C45@68<> 8 =587@5G5==> =5:0:> >B@K3=5B ?@O<> :> >A?>4C, B> 87JO2;OO 2 MB>B :@0BG09H89 <><5=B 2@5<5=8, G53>, 2 A51O ?@8H54H8, =5 2 A8;0E 1K205B >= =8 A;>2>< 87@5GL, =8 ?@>A;548BL <KA;5==>. !" "+  #( %/)%!/  # (7 68B8O ?@5?. 0:0@8O 5;8:>3>)  4=064K ?@5?>4>1=K9 0:0@89 H5; ?> ?CABK=5 8 =0H5; 2KA>EH89 G5;>25G5A:89 G5@5?, ;5602H89 =0 75<;5. >25@=C2 53> A2>8< 657;><, ?@5?>4>1=K9 CA;KE0;, :0: 1C4B> >= 8740; :0:>9-B> 72C:. ">340 0:0@89 A?@>A8; G5@5?:  B> BK B0:>9?  /,  >B25G0; B>B,  1K; =0G0;L=8:>< O7KG5A:8E 6@5F>2, >18B02H8E =0 A5< <5AB5. >340 BK, 0220 0:0@89, 8A?>;=5==K9 CE0 >68O, C<8;>A5@482H8AL =04 =0E>4OI8<8AO 2 <C:0E 2 04C, <>;8HLAO 70 =0A, <K B>340 ?>;CG05< =5:>B>@>5 >1;53G5=85.  0:>5 65 >1;53G5=85 ?>;CG05B5 2K,  A?@>A8; 0:0@89,  8 :0:>2K 20H8 <CG5=8O, @0AA:068 <=5?  0: 40;5:> >BAB>8B =51> >B 75<;8,  >B25G0; A> AB>=>< G5@5?,  B0: 25;8: >3>=L, A@548 :>B>@>3> <K =0E>48<AO, ?0;8<K5 >B>2AN4C, A =>3 4> 3>;>2K. @8 MB>< <K =5 <>65< 2845BL ;8F0 4@C3 4@C30. >340 65 BK <>;8HLAO 70 =0A, =0E>4OI8EAO 2 04C, <K 2848< =5<=>3> 4@C3 4@C30, 8 MB> A;C68B =0< =5:>B>@K< CB5H5=85<. !;KE02 B0:>9 >B25B, ?@5?>4>1=K9 ?@>A;578;AO 8 A:070;:  @>:;OB B>B 45=L, :>340 G5;>25: ?@5ABC?8; >65AB25==K5 70?>2548.  A=>20 >= A?@>A8; G5@5?:  ABL ;8 :0:85-;81> 4@C385 <CG5=8O, ;NB59H85 20H8E?  =87C, =0<=>3> 3;C165 ?>4 =0<8, =0E>4OBAO <=>385 4@C385,  >B25G0; B>B.  B> 65 =0E>4OBAO A@548 B5E ;NB59H8E <CG5=89?  A?@>A8; 0:0@89.  K, =5 7=02H85 >30,  >B25B8; G5@5?,  E>BO 8 =5<=>3> 5I5 >ICI05< <8;>A5@485 >685. "5 65, :>B>@K5 ?>7=0;8 8<O >685, => >B25@3;8AL 3> 8 70?>25459 3> =5 A>1;N40;8, <CG0NBAO 2=87C =0A 3>@074> 1>;55 BO6:8<8 8 ;NB59H8<8 <CG5=8O<8. >A;5 A53> ?@5?>4>1=K9 0:0@89 27O; B>B G5@5?, 70:>?0; 53> 2 75<;N 8 C40;8;AO >BBC40.  ) "+  !#& (7 68B8O ?@5;. 0E><8O 5;8:>3>) 725AB5= >48= 206=K9 A;CG09 87 687=8 65=A:>3> <>=0ABK@O. 4=0 87 <>=0E8=L :0:-B> 2KH;0 70 >3@04C <>=0ABK@O. =0 2AB@5B8;0AL A <8@O=8=><, ?>@B=K<, 8, C482;OOAL, A?@>A8;0 53> > ?@8G8=5 ?@8E>40 2 MB8 <5AB0. ">B >B25B8;, GB> 65;0; 1K 8<5BL @01>BC. !5AB@0 2>7@078;0, GB> >=8 8<5NB A>1AB25==KE ?>@B=KE. >@B=>9 C40;8;AO. !2845B5;L=8F59 MB>3> @073>2>@0 1K;0 >4=0 <>=0E8=O. >AA>@82H8AL A B>9 <>=0E8=59, >=0 AB0;0 ?>@8F0BL 55 8 ?@8?><8=0;0 A C:>@87=>N 55 @073>2>@ A ?>@B=K<. >;>40O 8=>:8=O, 272>;=>20==0O ;>6=K< >128=5=85<, 3>@OG> ?;0:0;0. =0 ?@5C25;8G5==> ?@54AB02;O;0 A515 B>B ?>7>@, :0:>9, ?> 55 <=5=8N, >6840; 55 B5?5@L 2 <>=0ABK@5. #3=5B05<0O A:>@1LN, >=0 B09=> ?>H;0 : @5:5, 1@>A8;0AL 2 55 2>;=K 8 CB>=C;0. #7=02 >1 MB><, 4@C30O A5AB@0, ?>72>;82H0O A515 =570A;C65==> C:>@8BL =5AG0AB=CN <>;>4CN 8=>:8=N, 2?0;0 2 25;8:>5 >BG0O=85 8 ;8H8;0 A51O 687=8, 704CH82H8 A51O 25@52:>9. !:>@> C7=0; >1 MB>< ?@5?>4>1=K9 0E><89. ;C1>:> >?5G0;5==K9 MB8< A;CG05<, AB0@5F 70?@5B8; ?><8=0BL 8E 2 <>;8B20E 4><0H=8E, A>25@H0BL ;8BC@38N 8 ?>4020BL <8;>ABK=N 70 =8E. 0E><89 AB@>3> >B=5AAO 8 :> 2A5< A5AB@0< >1I568B8O. 284C B>3> GB> >=8 =5 C?>B@518;8 4>;6=>3> AB0@0=8O, GB>1K =09B8 =528==CN 8 >184G8FC, ?@8<8@8BL 8 CA?>:>8BL 8E, 8 ?@5=51@53;8 8E ?>;>65=85< 8 A?>:>9AB285<, 0 <>65B 1KBL, 8 ?>25@8;8 :;525B5 >4=>9 87 A5AB5@, AB0@5F >B;CG8; 8E >B A2OB>3> ?@8G0I5=8O =0 A5<L ;5B. " !#! @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  @0B A:070;: «> :0: C< <>65B =5?@5AB0==> <>;8BLAO? 1> :>340 ?>5< 8;8 G8B05<, :>340 15A54C5< A :5< 8;8 A;C68< :><C, B>340, 5AB5AB25==>, @072;5:05< 53> <=>38<8 ?><KH;5=8O<8 8 ?@54AB02;5=8O<8». !B0@5F >B25B8;: «>65AB25==>5 8A0=85 =5 ?>25;5205B =8G53> =52>7<>6=>3>. !0< 0?>AB>;, G@57 :>53> 87@5G5=> A85, 8 ?5;, 8 G8B0;, 8 =5?@5AB0==> <>;8;AO. 5?@5AB0==> <>;8BLAO  7=0G8B A>45@60BL C< ?@8;5?;5==K< : >3C A 25;8:8< 1;03>3>25=85< 8 B5?;K< 65;0=85<, 28A5BL =0 C?>20=88 =0 53> 8 > 5< 45@70BL 2> 2A5<,  2 45;0E 8 ?@8:;NG5=8OE» ( 8<. 8,35; 2 >@. 4, 8-10).  KA>G09H55 A>AB>O=85 <>;8B2K 5ABL, :>340 C< 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K 1K205B 2=5 ?;>B8 8 <8@0, A>25@H5==> 15725I5AB25= 8 1572845=. B> A>E@0=O5B B0:>5 A>AB>O=85 =5=0@CH8<K<, B>B 2>8AB8=C =5?@5AB0==> <>;8BAO. 20 5ABL 2KA>G09H8E A>AB>O=8O G8AB>9 <>;8B2K. 4=> A;CG05BAO A ;N4L<8 687=8 45OB5;L=>9, 4@C3>5 A ;N4L<8 687=8 A>75@F0B5;L=>9. 4=> 1K205B 2 4CH5 >B AB@0E0 >68O 8 1;03>9 =04564K, 4@C3>5 >B >65AB25==>9 ;N128 8 :@09=59 G8AB>BK. @87=0: ?5@2>9 <5@K 5ABL B>B, :>340 A>18@0NB C< >B 2A5E <8@A:8E ?><KA;>2, B2>@O <>;8B2K 157 @072;5G5=8O 8 A<OB5=8O, 8 :0: 1K !0< >3 ?@54AB>O; 5<C, :0: 8 ?@54AB>8B 459AB28B5;L=>. @87=0: 2B>@>9  :>340 2 A0<>< CAB@5<;5=88 <>;8B2K C< 1K205B 2>AE8I05< >65AB25==K< 8 157<5@=K< A25B>< 8 A>2A5< =5 GC2AB2C5B =8 A51O 8 =8G53> 8=>3> 87 ACI8E, :@><5 48=>3>, ;N1>2LN A>4520NI53> 2 =5< B0:>2>5 >70@5=85.  A5< A>AB>O=88, ?>428705<K9 : C@07C<5=8N A;>25A > >35, ?>;CG05B >= G8ABK5 8 A25B;K5 > 5< ?>7=0=8O. B> GB> ;N18B, B>B B> 8 >1JOBL 2AOG5A:8 65;05B, 8 2A5, ?@5?OBAB2CNI55 5<C 2 MB><, >BAB@0=O5B, 401K A53> =5 ;8H8BLAO. "0: 8 >30 ;N1OI89 ?5G5BAO > G8AB>9 <>;8B25 8 2AO:CN AB@0ABL, ?>;030NICN 5<C 2 B>< ?@5?>=C, 87 A51O 8725@305B. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  "25@4> 7=09, GB> =5?@5AB0==0O <>;8B20 B0 5ABL, :>B>@0O =5 >BE>48B >B 4CH8 =8 4=5< =8 =>GLN 8 :>B>@0O A>AB>8B =5 2 2>745O=88 @C:, =5 2 ?>;>65=88 B5;0 <>;8B25==>< 8 =5 2 2>73;0H5=88 <>;8B2 O7K:><, GB>1K <>6=> 1K;> 55 2845BL B5;5A=K<8 >G0<8, => A>AB>8B 2 C<=>< 45;0=88 8 A ?0<OB>20=85< > >35 ?@8 ?>AB>O==>< C<8;5=88 8 C@07C<5205BAO B>;L:> C<5NI8<8 C@07C<520BL A85.  A;8 8AB8==> E>G5HL ?>:@KBL ABK4>< ?><KA;K, 4>AB>4>;6=> 157<>;2AB2>20BL 8 157 B@C40 B@5725=AB2>20BL A5@4F5<, 40 ?@8;L?=5B : 4KE0=8N B2>5<C <>;8B20 8ACA>20  8 2 =5<=>3> 4=59 C2848HL MB> =0 45;5.  ! 4KE0=85< B2>8< A>548=8 B@5725=85 8 8<O 8ACA>2> 8;8 ?><KH;5=85 > A<5@B8 8 A<8@5=88, 81> B> 8 4@C3>5 25;8:CN 4>AB02;O5B ?>;L7C. @5?. A00: !8@88.  >;3>2@5<5==K< A>E@0=5=85< ?0<OB>20=8O > >35 4CH0 ?> 2@5<5=0< ?@82>48BAO 2 87C<;5=85 8 C482;5=85. @5?. A8E89.  CGH59 ?><>I8, :@><5 8ACA>2>9, =5 =09B8 B515 2> 2AN 687=L B2>N, ?>B><C GB> B>;L:> = >48= >A?>4L, O:> >3, 7=05B 45<>=A:85 :>2K, >1E>4K 8 ;C:02AB20. ;06. 804>E.  >340 C< =0G=5B >ICI0BL 1;03>40B=>5 CB5H5=85 !2. CE0, B>340 8 A0B0=0 A2>5 2;0305B 2 4CHC CB5H5=85 2 :06CI5<AO A;04:>< GC2AB25, 2> 2@5<O =>I=KE CA?>:>5=89, 2 <><5=B B>=G09H53> =5:>53> A=0 (8;8 70AK?0=8O). A;8 2 MB> 2@5<O C< >:065BAO 45@60I8< 2 B5?;59H59 ?0<OB8 A2. 8<O >A?>40 8ACA0, 8, :0: 25@=K< >@C685< ?@>B82 ?@5;5AB8, 2>A?>;L7C5BAO A8< ?@5A2OBK< 8 ?@5A;02=K< 8<5=5<, B> ;C:02K9 >1>;LAB8B5;L >=K9 B>BG0A C40;O5BAO, => 70 B> 2>73>@05BAO =0:>=5F 1@0=8N ?@>B82 4CH8 A2>8< ;8F><. "0: C<, B>G=> @0A?>7=020O >1<0=G82K5 ?@5;5AB8 ;C:02>3>, 1>;55 8 1>;55 ?@5CA?5205B 2 @07;8G5=88 4CE>2=KE 25I59. . 5;0NI89 >G8AB8BL A5@4F5 A2>5 40 @07>3@5205B 53> =5?@5AB0==> ?0<OBLN > >A?>45 8ACA5, 8<5O MB> >4=> ?@54<5B>< 1>3><KA;8O 8 =5?@5AB0==K< 4CE>2=K< 45;0=85<. 1> 65;0NI5<C A1@>A8BL A A51O 3=8;>ABL A2>N =5 B0: A;54C5B 25AB8, GB>1K 8=>340 <>;8BLAO, 0 8=>340 =5B, => 2A5340 4>;6=> C?@06=OBLAO 2 <>;8B25 A 1;N45=85< C<0, E>BO 1K 68; 40;5:> =5345 >B <>;8B25==KE 4><>2. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  5?@5AB0==> <>;8BLAO  7=0G8B A>45@60BL C< ?@8;5?;5==K< : >3C A 25;8:8< 1;03>3>25=85< 8 B5?;K< 65;0=85<, 28A5BL =0 C?>20=88 =0 53> 8 > 5< 45@70BL 2> 2A5<  2 45;0E 8 ?@8:;NG5=8OE ( 8<. 8, 35). !2. $8;8<>=.  >7K<59 A>:@>25==>5 ?>CG5=85 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< 8 >=> >G8AB8B C< B2>9 >B ?0@5=8O.  A>:@>25==>5 ?>CG5=85  B@5728AO 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< 8 2 <KA;8 A2>59 B@5725==> A> AB@0E>< 3>2>@8: «>A?>48 8ACA5 %@8AB5, ?><8;C9 <O!..» A;8 ?@51C45B 2 B515 =5?@5AB0==> <>;8B20 8 ?>CG5=85 2 ?8A0=8OE, B> >B25@7CBAO >G8 4CH8 B2>59 8 1C45B 2 =59 @04>ABL 25;8:0O 8 GC2AB2> =5:>5 =587@5G5==>5 8 3>@OG55, ?@8 A>3@5O=88 >B CE0 8 ?;>B8, B0: GB> 25AL G5;>25: AB0=5B 4CE>2=K<. B0:, =>GLN ;8 8;8 4=5< A?>4>18B B51O >3 =5@0AA5O=> ?><>;8BLAO G8ABK< C<><, >AB02L A2>5 <>;8B25==>5 ?@028;> 8, A:>;L:> A8; 5ABL, ?@>AB8@09AO C<=>A5@45G=> ?@8;5?;OBLAO : >3C.  = ?@>A25B8B A5@4F5 B2>5 2 4CE>2=>< 45;0=88. !2. @83>@88 !8=08B.  0G0;> C<=>9 <>;8B2K 5ABL >G8AB8B5;L=>5 459AB2> 8;8 A8;0 !2OB>3> CE0 8 B08=AB25==>5 A2OI5==>459AB285 C<0, :0: =0G0;> 157<>;28O  C?@074=5=85 >B 2A53> 8;8 15A?>?5G5=85; A@548=0  ?@>A25B8B5;L=0O A8;0 CE0 8 A>75@F0=85; 0 :>=5F  8AABC?;5=85 8;8 2>AB>@65=85 C<0 : >3C.  ! CB@0 ?>=C4L C< B2>9 A>9B8 87 3>;>2K 2 A5@4F5 8 45@68 53> 2 =5<, 8 =5?@5AB0==> 27K209 C<=> 8 4CH52=> : «>A?>48 8ACA5 %@8AB5, ?><8;C9 <O!»  0: @0AB5=8O =5 C:>@5=ONBAO, 5A;8 G0AB> 8E ?5@5A06820NB, B0: 8 <>;8B25==K5 42865=8O 2 A5@4F5 ?@8 G0AB>9 ?5@5<5=5 A;>2 <>;8B25==KE.  >340 C2848HL 2>7=8:=>25=85 8 ?@8ABC?0=85 ?><KA;>2, =5 70A<0B@8209AO =0 =8E, E>BO 1K >=8 8 =5 1K;8 EC4K, => 45@68 =58AE>4=> C< 2 A5@4F5, 27K209 : >A?>4C 8ACAC, 8 A:>@> ?@>3>=8HL ?><KA;K 8 =02>48B5;59 8E, 15A>2, >B3>=8HL, >?0;OO 8E 8 18GCO =52848<> >65AB25==K< 8<5=5< A8<. =>:8 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.  !2OBK5, 2ABC?82 =0 ?>?@8I5 1;03>B2>@=>3> 157<>;28O, A51O ?>A2OB82 >3C 8 >BB>@3H8AL >B <8@0, =0CG0NB ?@58<CI5AB25==> ?@54 2AO:8< 45;0=85< 8 ?>?5G5=85< >A?>4C <>;8BLAO 8 C 53> ?@>A8BL <8;>AB8 A =5A><=5==K< C?>20=85<, =5?@5AB0==> 8<5O 45;>< 8 70=OB85< ?@87K20=85 2A5A2OB>3> 8 A;04G09H53> 8<5=8 3>, 2A5340 =>AO 3> 2 C<5, 2 A5@4F5, 8 CAB0E 8 2AOG5A:8 ?>=C640O A51O 2 5< 8 A 8< 8 4KH0BL, 8 68BL, 8 A?0BL, 8 1>4@AB2>20BL, 8 E>48BL, 8 5ABL, 8 ?8BL  8 2A5 2>>1I5, GB> =8 45;05<, B0: 45;0BL. 1>, :0: ?@8 >BACBAB288 3> AB5:05BAO : =0< 2A5 7;>2@54=>5, =5 >AB02;OO <5AB0 =8G5<C 4CH5?>;57=><C, B0: 8 ?@8 3> ?@8ACBAB288 2A5 ?@>B82=>5 >B3>=O5BAO, =8 2 G5< 4>1@>< =5 1K205B =54>AB0B:0 8 2A5 O2;O5BAO 2>7<>6=K< 4;O 8A?>;=5=8O, :0: !0< >A?>4L 2>725I05B: 865 1C45B 2> =5, 8 7 2 =5<, B>9 A>B2>@8B ?;>4 <=>3, O:> 157 5=5 =5 <>65B5 B2>@8B8 =8G5A>65 (=. 15, 5). !85 C1> AB@0H=>5 4;O 2AO:>9 B20@8 8 4>AB>GB8<>5 8<O, ?0G5 2AO:>3> 8<5=8, A 25@>N ?@87202, 8 <K =54>AB>9=K5 A<5;> ?>4K<5< A ?><>ILN 3> 25B@8;0 =0AB>OI53> A;>20 8 =0G=5< ?@>AB8@0BLAO 2 ?5@54=OO.  725AB=> B515, :0: <K 4KH8<: 2BO38205< 2 A51O 2>74CE 8 2K?CA:05< 53>. 0 A5< 687=L B5;5A=0O 45@68BAO 8 >B A53> 7028A8B B5?;>B0 B5;0. B0:, A54H8 2 157<>;2=>9 :5;88 B2>59, A>15@8 C< A2>9, 22548 53> 2 ?CBL 4KE0=8O, :>8< 2>74CE 2E>48B 2=CB@L, 8 ?@8=C4L 53> 2<5AB5 A 24KE05<K< 2>74CE>< A>9B8 2 A5@4F5 8 45@68 53> B0<; 45@68, => =5 >AB02;O9 53> <>;G0I8< 8 ?@074=K<, 0 409 5<C <>;8B2C: «>A?>48 8ACA5 %@8AB5, !K=5 >689, ?><8;C9 <O». @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  0<OBL 8ACA>20 40 A@0AB2>@8BAO A 4KE0=85< B2>8< 8 B>340 ?>7=05HL BK ?>;L7C 157<>;28O. !2. 0@A>=>D89.  A;8 2=CB@5==55 45;0=85 A >3>< =5 ?><>65B G5;>25:C, B> =0?@0A=> >= B@C48BAO 2> 2=5H=5<. 1> 2=CB@5==5 45;0=85 A 1>;57=>20=85< A5@4F0 ?@8=>A8B G8AB>BC; G8AB>B0  8AB8==>5 157<>;285 A5@4F0; 157<>;285 A85  A<8@5=85; A<8@5=85 65 C3>B>2;O5B G5;>25:0 2 >18B0;8I5 >3C; A8;>N 65 2>7>18B0=8O B0:>3> 873>=ONBAO 15AK A> AB@0ABL<8; 8 1K205B B0:> G5;>25: E@0<>< >688<, ?>;=K< A2OB>AB8, ?>;=K< A25B0, G8AB>BK 8 1;03>40B8. !2. 8; !8=09A:89.  .KAH0O A>25@H5==KE <>;8B20 5ABL 2>AE8I5=85 =5:>5 C<0 8 ?>;=>5 53> 8AABC?;5=85 >B 2A53> GC2AB25==>3> ?@8 E>40B09AB25 CE0 2>74KE0=8O<8 =5873;03>;0==K<8 ( 8<. 8, 26) ?@54 >3><, 284OI8< @0A?>;>65=85 A5@4F0 >B:@KB>5, :0: =0?8A0==0O :=830 8 <>;G0;82K<8 7=0:0<8 87JO2;ONI0O A2>5 E>B5=85. "0:, 4> B@5BL53> =510 2>AE8I5= 1K; 025;, =5 2540O, 1 B5;5 ;8 >= 1K; 8;8 :@>;N B5;0 (2 >@. 12, 2). "0:, 5B@, 2>AH54H8 =0 3>@=8FC ?><>;8BLAO, 2845; ?;0I0=8FC (5O=. 10, 9). B>@0O 65 ?>A;5 A59 ?5@2>9, 2KAH59, <>;8B2K, 5ABL B0, 2 :>B>@>9 A;>20 <>;8B2K ?@>87=>AOB A ?>A;54>20=85< 8< C<0 A>:@CH5==>3> 8 A>7=0NI53>, ><C ?@8=>A8B >= <>;5=85. >;8B20 65, ?@5A5:05<0O 701>B0<8 B5;5A=K<8 8 A<5H820NI0OAO A =8<8, 40;5:0 >B CAB@>5=8O, ?>4>10NI53> <>;OI5<CAO.   !" ",!/ !:     / !2. @83>@89 0;0<0, 0@E85?. !>;C=A:89.  '0I5 =04;568B ?><8=0BL 2 <>;8B25 8<O >685, G5< 24KE0BL 2>74CE. >28=COAL 70?>254O< A2OBKE, =0< =04;568B =5 B>;L:> A0<8< <>;8BLAO 2A5340, => 8 4@C38E 2A5E CG8BL B><C 65, 2A5E 2>>1I5: 8 <>=0E>2 8 <8@O=, 8 <C4@KE 8 ?@>ABKE, 8 <C659 8 65=, 8 45B59  8 ?>1C640BL 8E <>;8BLAO =5?@5AB0==>. > GB> 3>2>@OB <8@O=5? «K >1@5<5=5=K 45;0<8 8 701>B0<8 68B59A:8<8, :0: 2>7<>6=> =0< <>;8BLAO =5?@5AB0==>?» B25G0N 8<, GB> >3 =5 70?>2540; =0< =8G53> =52>7<>6=>3>, 0 2A5 B>;L:> B0:>5, GB> <K <>65< 45;0BL. @5<=>3>5 <=>65AB2> 1K;> B0:8E, :>B>@K5, 682O 2 <8@C, 2A5F5;> 1K;8 ?@540=K C<=>9 (8ACA>2>9) <>;8B25, :0: C25@ONB 8AB>@8G5A:85 > =8E 70?8A8. >G5<C C<>;ON 20A 8 O 2<5AB5 A> A2. >0==>< ;0B>CAB><, A?0A5=8O @048 4CH 20H8E =5 =5@048B5 > 45;5 B0:>2>9 <>;8B2K. !=0G0;0 MB> <>65B ?>:070BLAO >G5=L B@C4=K<, => 1C4LB5 C25@5=K, :0: 1K >B ;8F0 A545@68B5;O->30, GB> A0<>5 A85 8<O >A?>40 =0H53> 8ACA0 %@8AB0, =5?@5AB0==> 20<8 ?@87K205<>5, ?><>65B 20< ?@5>4>;5BL 70B@C4=5=8O, 0 A ?@>4>;65=85< 2@5<5=8 2K =02K:=5B5 A5<C 45;0=8N 8 2:CA8B5, A:>;L A;04:> 8<O >A?>4=5. ">340 >?KB=> ?>7=05B5, GB> 45;> A85 =5 B>;L:> =5 =52>7<>6=> 8 =5 B@C4=>, => 8 2>7<>6=> 8 ;53:>. >G5<C A2. 0?. 025;, 7=02H89 ;CGH5 =0A 25;8:>5 1;03>, :0:>5 4>AB028B A8O <>;8B20, 70?>2540; =5?@5AB0==> <>;8BLAO (1 !>;. 5, 17). !" @5?>4>1=K9 0220 >@>D59.   70:>=5 =0?8A0=>, GB> >3 ?>25;5; AK=0< 7@08;52K< :064K9 3>4 4020BL 45AOB8=C 87 2A53>, GB> >=8 ?@8>1@5B0;8 8, 45;0O B0:, >=8 8<5;8 1;03>A;>25=85 2> 2A5E 45;0E A2>8E. =0O A85, A2OBK5 0?>AB>;K CAB0=>28;8 8 ?@540;8 =0 ?><>IL =0<, 8 :0: 1;03>45O=85 4CH0< =0H8<, 5I5 =5GB> 1>;LH55 8 2KA>G09H55, GB>1K <K >B45;O;8 45AOB8=C >B A0<KE 4=59 687=8 =0H59 8 ?>A2OI0;8 55 >3C: 401K 8 <K B0:8< >1@07>< ?>;CG8;8 1;03>A;>25=85 =0 2A5 45;0 =0H8, 8 5653>4=> >G8I0;8 3@5E8, A45;0==K5 =0<8 2 B5G5=85 F5;>3> 3>40. 0AAC482 B0:, 0?>AB>;K >A2OB8;8 =0< 87 B@5EA>B H5AB845AOB8 ?OB8 4=59 3>40 A88 A5<L =545;L A2OB>9 '5BK@545AOB=8FK. >3 40; A88 A2. 4=8 4;O B>3>, GB>1K, 5A;8 :B> ?>AB0@05BAO A> 2=8<0=85< 8 A<8@5==><C4@85< ?>701>B8BLAO > A515 8 ?>:0OBLAO 2> 3@5E0E A2>8E,  >= >G8AB8;AO >B 3@5E>2, :>B>@K5 A45;0; 2 ?@>4>;65=85 2A53> 3>40. "0: 4CH0 53> >A2>1>48BAO >B BO3>BK, 8, B0:8< >1@07><, >= >G8I5==K< 4>AB83=5B A2OB>3> 4=O >A:@5A5=8O 8 =5>AC645==> ?@8G0AB8BAO !2OBKE "09=, A45;02H8AL G@57 ?>:0O=85 2 A59 A2OB>9 ?>AB =>2K< G5;>25:><. "0:>2K9 2 @04>AB8 8 25A5;88 4CE>2=><, ?@8 ?><>I8 >6859, 1C45B ?@074=>20BL 2AN A2OBCN OB845AOB=8FC, 81> OB845AOB=8F0, :0: 3>2>@OB >BFK, 5ABL ?>:>9 8 2>A:@5A5=85 4CH8; A85 8 >7=0G05BAO B5<, GB> <K 2> 2AN A2OBCN OB845AOB=8FC (>B A2. 0AE8 4> "@>8FK) =5 ?@5:;>=O5< :>;5=.  > <K =5 2 ?8I5 B>;L:> 4>;6=K A>1;N40BL <5@C, => C45@6820BLAO 8 >B 2AO:>3> 4@C3>3> 3@5E0, GB>1K :0: ?>AB8<AO G@52><, ?>AB8BLAO =0< 8 O7K:><. "0:65 4>;6=> ?>AB8BLAO 8 3;070<8, B. 5. =5 A<>B@5BL =0 AC5B=K5 25I8, =5 4020BL 3;070< A2>1>4K, =8 =0 :>3> =5 A<>B@5BL 15AABK4=> 8 157 AB@0E0. "0:65 8 @C:8 8 =>38 4>;6=> C45@6820BL >B 2AO:>3> 7;>3> 45;0. >ABOAL B0:8< >1@07><, :0: 3>2>@8B A2. 0A8;89 5;8:89, ?>AB>< 1;03>?@8OB=K<, C40;OOAL >B 2AO:>3> 3@5E0, A>25@H05<>3> 2A5<8 =0H8<8 GC2AB20<8, <K 4>AB83=5< A2OB>3> 4=O >A:@5A5=8O, A45;02H8AL, :0: <K A:070;8, =>2K<8, G8ABK<8 8 4>AB>9=K<8 ?@8G0I5=8O !2OBKE "09=. ;06. 804>E.  0: <=>65AB2>< OAB2 >1@5<5=5=> 1C4CG8, B5;> =0H5 45;05B C< :0:8<-B> 15A?5G=K< 8 =5?>4286=K<; B0: 8 1C4CG8 87<>645=> G@57<5@=K< 2>745@60=85<, A>45;K205B A>75@F0B5;L=CN G0ABL 4CH8 C=K;>N 8 =5A;>2>;N182>N (=5>E>G5N @0AAC640BL). >4>105B C1> >1@07 ?8B0=8O B5;5A=>3> A>@07<5@OBL A A>AB>O=85< A8; 8 :@5?>ABLN B5;0: :>340 >=> 74>@>2>  CB5A=OBL 53> A:>;L:> ?>B@51=>, 0 :>340 =5<>I5AB2C5B  ?>A;01;OBL 5<C =5A:>;L:>. >42870NI5<CAO =5 A;54C5B @0AA;01520BL B5;><, => 1KBL 2 A8;5, A:>;L:> B@51C5BAO 4;O ?>42830, GB>1K, E>BO B5;5A=K<8 B@C40<8, >G8I0;0AL =04;560I5 8 4CH0.  >340 ?@8 ?@8E>45 :0:8E-;81> 1@0B88 8;8 :0:>3>-;81> AB@0==8:0 BI5A;0285, ?>;L7COAL A8< A;CG05<, ?@845B 2 42865=85 8, =04K<0O =0A A2>8< O4><, AB0=5B ?>4AB@5:0BL =5 =0@CH0BL A2>53> > ?8I5 CAB020, B>340 =08?0G5 1;03>?>B@51=> ?>A;018BL =5A:>;L:> <5@C >1KG=>3> ?8I5?@8OB8O. 1> B0:8< >1@07>< 8 15A0 >B>H;5< >B A51O A >?;0:820=85< 157CA?5H=>AB8 A2>53> ?>:CH5=8O, 8 70:>= ;N128 @07AC48B5;L=> 8A?>;=8<, 8 B09=C 2>745@60=8O =0H53> G@57 ?>A;01;5=85 53> A>E@0=8< =52K:070==>N.  >AB :0: >@C485, 1;03>CAB@>OI55 E>BOI8E : F5;><C4@8N, 8<55B F5=C, => =5 ?@54 >3><. >G5<C ?>4286=8:0< 1;03>G5AB8O =5 4>;6=> 2KA>:>C<AB2>20BL ?> ?>2>4C 53>, => >B 548=>9 25@K 2 >30 G0OBL 4>AB865=8O A2>59 F5;8. 220 $0;0AA89.  07>@28 C7K A>4@C65AB20 A B5;>< 8 =5 40209 5<C, @01C, =8G53>, :@><5 :@09=5 =5>1E>48<>3>.  71530O G@52>C3>48O, 1;N48AL >B G5;>25:>C3>48O, 65;B87=C ;8F0 A2>53> ?>:070BL CE8I@ONI53>AO. ;8O :48:.  =K5 > 2E>45 OAB2 2=8<0B5;L=CN 1;N4CB >AB>@>6=>ABL, 0 >1 8AE>45 A;>25A =5 @04OB. "0:>2K5, ?> ::;5780ABC, =5 C<5NB 8AB>@30BL 3=52 87 A5@4F0 8 ?>E>BL 87 ?;>B8 (::;. 11, 10), G5< A5@4F5 G8AB> A>78405BAO >B >1=>2;ONI53> =0A CE0 !2OB>3>.  CABL G@52> B2>5 3>@8B >B A:C4>AB8 OAB2, 8 A5@4F5 CB5A=O5BAO 2>745@60=85< O7K:0; 8 B2>8 A8;K  2>645;520B5;L=K5 8 @074@068B5;L=K5  2A5340 1C4CB C B51O =0E>48BLAO 2 CA;C65=88 4>1@C. @5?. !8<5>= ;03>3>259=K9.  5@=>5 2>745@60=85 =5>1E>48<> 8 4;O B5E, :>8 ?@>H;8 70 A@548=C ?>4283>2 8 ?@>AB8@0NBAO : >1;0AB8 2KAH53> A>75@F0=8O. =>  <0BL 74@028O, 4@C3 F5;><C4@8O, A>B>20@8I A<8@5==><C4@8O (>B 15A?>@O4>G=>9 8 =5@>2=>9 485BK C <=>38E G0AB> @>640NBAO 1>;57=8). @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  !:C4=> ?8B05<>5 B5;>  4>1@5 >1J5765==K9 :>=L, :>B>@K9 =8:>340 =5 A1@>A8B 2A04=8:0. @5AKI5=85 ?8I5N ?8B05B ?><KA;K, 0 C?82H89AO =0?>5205B A>= <5GB>N. 0G0;> ?;>4>=>A8O  F25B, 0 =0G0;> 45OB5;L=>9 687=8  2>745@60=85. !22. 0@A>=>D89 8 >0==.  0209 B5;C AB>;L:> ?8I8, A:>;L:> 5<C =C6=>, 8 =5 ?>;CG8HL 2@540, E>BO 1K BK 5; 8 B@8 @070 2 45=L. A;8 G5;>25: 8 >48= @07 5AB 2 45=L, => 157@0AAC4=>, B> :0:0O 5<C >B B>3> ?>;L70? 0 <=>3>O45=85< A;54C5B 1@0=L 1;C40 8 2@03 ?>A;5 =53> >BO3G05B B5;> A=><, GB>1K >A:25@=8BL 53>. @5?. A00: !8@88.  'B> ?;0<5=L >3=5==K9 2 ACE8E 4@>20E, B> 8 B5;> ?@8 =0?>;=5==>< G@525. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  48= 8 B>B 65 G0A 2A5340 CAB0=>28 4;O ?@8=OB8O ?8I8 8 ?@8=8<09 55 4;O ?>4:@5?;5=8O B5;0, 0 =5 4;O CA;0645=8O.  !/"  ') !2OB8B5;L $5>D0= 0B2>@=8: (87 :=. «52848<0O 1@0=L»).  !85 A2OB59H55 B08=AB2>, A85 2A5?>1548B5;L=>5 >@C485, ?0G5 65 %@8AB>A, ACI89 2 A5< B08=AB25, <>65B 1KBL 459AB25==> ?@85<;5<> 42>O:8< >1@07><: 2>-?5@2KE, B08=AB25==>  2 B08=AB25 "5;0 8 @>28 %@8AB>2KE, A 4>AB>4>;6=K< ?@83>B>2;5=85<, B> 5ABL A>:@CH5=85<, 8A?>254LN, >G8I5=85< G@57 5?8B8<8N 8 ?>B@51=K< ?>I5=85<; 2>-2B>@KE, 4CE>2=> 8 <KA;5==> 2 C<5 8 A5@4F5. 5@2>5 <>65B 8<5BL <5AB> AB>;L G0AB>, A:>;L:> MB> 2>7<>6=> ?> >1AB>OB5;LAB20< 2=5H=8<, 2=CB@5==5<C A>AB>O=8N 8 ?> CA<>B@5=8N 4CE>2=>3> >BF0; 0 2B>@>5  :064>5 <3=>25=85, B0: GB> B515 <>6=> 2A5340 8<5BL 2 @C:0E A85 2A5<>I=>5 >@C685 8 >3@0640BLAO 8< >B 2@03>2 =5?@5AB0==>. =5<;8 65 A5<C 8 !2. %@8AB>2KE "09= ?@8G0I09AO :0: <>6=> G0I5, :0: B>;L:> 8<55HL @07@5H5=85 >B 4CE>2=>3> >BF0 A2>53>; <KA;5==> 65 8 4CE>2=> 2:CH0BL %@8AB0 >A?>40 @52=C9 =5?@5@K2=>.  > ?@8G0I5=88 65 !2OBKE "09=, 2>7402 1;03>3>259=>5 1;03>40@5=85 >A?>4C 70 25;8:CN : B515 <8;>ABL, 2 A59 <><5=B O2;5==CN :0: =5:89 25;89 8 =587@5G5==K9 40@, 2>948 B>BG0A 2 A>:@>25==>AB8 A5@4F0 A2>53> 8 ?>:;>=82H8AL B0< >A?>4C A> A<8@5==K< GC2AB2><, ?@>AB@8 : =5<C <KA;5==> B0:CN 15A54C: «"K 2848HL, 2A51;0389 <>9 >A?>48, :0: ;53:> 2?040N O 2 3@5E =0 ?03C1C A515, 8 :0:CN A8;C 8<55B =04> <=>9 1>@NI0O <5=O AB@0ABL, 8 A:>;L:> A0< O 15AA8;5= >A2>1>48BLAO >B =55. ><>38 <=5 8 CA8;L 15AA8;L=K5 CA8;8O <>8 8;8 ?0G5 !0< 2>A?@88<8 >@C68O <>8 8 8<8 2<5AB> <5=O ?>@078 2:>=5F A53> =58AB>2>3> 2@030 <>53>»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«>A?>48 8ACA5 %@8AB5, >B25@78 CH8 8 >G8 A5@4F0 <>53>, GB>1K CA;KH0BL <=5 A;>25A0 "2>8 8 8A?>;=8BL 2>;N "2>N. B:@>9 >G8 <>8, 8 C@07C<5N GC45A0 >B 70:>=0 "2>53> (A. 118, 18). #?>20N, >65 <>9, GB> "K ?@>A25B8HL A5@4F5 <>5». A5340 B0: <>;8 >30, GB>1K ?@>AB8; C< B2>9 8 >B:@K; B515 A8;C A;>2 !2>8E. =>385, ?>=045O2H8AL =0 A2>5 @07C<5=85, 2?0;8 2 701;C645=85, 8 3;03>;NI5AO 1KB8 <C4@8, >1JN@>45H0 ( 8<. 1,22). !22. 0@A>=>D89 8 >0==.  7CG0O ?A0;<K =0 ?0<OBL, =5 2KA>:><C4@AB2C9, GB>1K =5 >:070;>AL, GB> BK =0?>;=O5HL 2>74CE 15A?>;57=K<8 A;>20<8, 8 MB> =5 ?>A;C68;> B515 2 >AC645=85. !;>2> >685 5ABL A5<O 4>1@0; 5A;8 >=> 2 B515 15A?;>4=> 1C45B, B> BK >AC48HLAO 2<5AB5 A> A:@K2H8< 2 75<;N A5@51@>, 40==>5 5<C 4;O ?@8C<=>65=8O. @5?. A00: !8@88.  A;8 G5;>25: <=>3> 7=0G0I85 AB8E8 G8B05B, =5 C3;C1;OOAL 2 =8E, B> 8 A5@4F5 53> >AB05BAO 154=K< (=8G53> =5 2:CH05B), 8 C30A05B 2 =5< A2OB0O A8;0, :>B>@0O ?@8 GC4=>< C@07C<5=88 4CH8 4>AB02;O5B A5@4FC A;04>AB=59H55 2:CH5=85.  0=8<09AO GB5=85< 2 157<>;288, GB>1K C< B2>9 2A5340 2>72>48< 1K; : GC45A0< >688<.  '8B09 20=35;85, 7025I0==>5 >3>< : ?>7=0=8N F5;>9 2A5;5==>9, GB>1K C< B2>8 ?>3@C78;AO 2 GC45A0 >689. 57 ?@8;56=>3> GB5=8O =5 C7=05HL B>=:>AB8 ?><KA;>2.  8=> A>3@5205B B5;>, 0 A;>2> >685  C<.  >:0 G5;>25: =5 ?@8<5B #B5H8B5;O, ?>B@51=K 5<C >65AB25==K5 8A0=8O 4;O B>3>, GB>1K ?0<OB>20=85 4>1@>3> =0?5G0B;520;>AL 2 <KA;8 53>, 8 =5?@5AB0==K< GB5=85< >1=>2;O;>AL 2 =5< CAB@5<;5=85 : 4>1@C, 8 >E@0=O;> 4CHC 53> >B B>=:>AB8 3@5E>2=KE ?CB59; ?>B><C GB> =5 ?@8>1@5; 5I5 >= A8;K CE0, :>B>@0O C40;O5B 701;C645=85 8 15@5B 2 ?;5= 4CH5?>;57=K5 ?0<OB>20=8O. >340 A8;0 CE0 =87>945B 2 459AB2CNICN 2 G5;>25:5 4CH52=CN A8;C, B>340, 2<5AB> 70:>=0 8A0=89, C:>@5=ONBAO 2 A5@4F5 70?>2548 CE0; 8 B>340 2B09=5 CG8BAO >= C CE0, 8 =5 8<55B =C64K 2 ?>A>188 25I5AB20 GC2AB25==>3>, ?>B><C GB>, ?>:0 A5@4F5 CG8BAO >B 25I5AB20, =5?>A@54AB25==> 70 CG5=85< A;54C5B 701;C645=85 8 70125=85, 0 :>340 CG5=85 ?@5?>405BAO CE><, B>340 ?0<OB>20=85 A>E@0=O5BAO =52@548<K<.   A;>20< B08=AB2, 70:;NG5==KE 2 >65AB25==>< 8A0=88, =5 ?@8ABC?09 157 <>;8B2K 8 8A?@>H5=8O ?><>I8 C >30, => 3>2>@8: «09 <=5, >A?>48, ?@8OBL >ICI5=85 70:;NG0NI59AO 2 =8E A8;K». >;8B2C ?>G8B09 :;NG>< : 8AB8==><C A<KA;C A:070==>3> 2 >65AB25==KE 8A0=8OE. 220 >@>D59.  @8 15AGC2AB288 4CH8 ?>;57=> G0AB>5 GB5=85 >65AB25==>3> 8A0=8O 8 C<8;8B5;L=KE A;>2 1>3>=>A=KE >BF>2, ?0<OB>20=85 > !B@0H=>< AC45 >685<, >1 8AE>45 4CH8 87 B5;0 8 >1 8<5NI8E 2AB@5B8BL 55 AB@0H=KE B5<=KE A8;0E, A :>B>@K<8 >=0 45;0;0 7;> 2 A59 <0;>2@5<5==>9 8 154AB25==>9 687=8. @??. 0@A>=>D89 8 >0==.  8A0=85 87@5G5=> 4CE>2=>, 0 G5;>25: ?;>BA:>9 =5 <>65B @07C<5BL 4CE>2=>3>. CGH5 1C45< ?@81530BL 2 15A545 : A;>20< >B5G5A:8<, 8 =0945< ?>;L7C 2 =8E 70:;NG0NICNAO. > 8 8<8 1C45< ?>;L7>20BLAO C<5@5==>, 2A?><8=0O A:0702H53>: B <=>3>A;>28O =5 871568H8 3@5E0 (@8BG. 10,19).  GB>1K =5 2?0ABL ?@8 A5< 2 2KA>:>C<85 8 A0<>E20;LAB2> ?><KA;>2, 1C45< 45@60BL 2 <KA;8, GB> =5 8A?>;=82H8 45;>< B>3>, GB> 3>2>@8<, 3>2>@8< B> =0 >AC645=85 A0<8E A51O.  >40, ?> A2>9AB2C A2>5<C, <O3:0, 0 :0<5=L B25@4; => 5A;8 =04 :0<=5< 28A8B 65;>1, B> 2>40, AB5:0O ?> =5<C :0?;O<8 =0 :0<5=L, <0;>-?><0;C ?@>18205B :0<5=L. "0: 8 !;>2> >685 <O3:>, 0 A5@4F5 =0H5 65AB:>; => 5A;8 G5;>25: G0AB> A;KH8B !;>2> >685, B> A5@4F5 53> >B25@705BAO : ?@8=OB8N 2 A51O AB@0E0 >68O. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  >340 GB> ?8H5BAO  ?8H5BAO 8;8 4;O A51O =0 ?0<OBL, 8;8 4;O ?>;L7K 4@C38E, 8;8 4;O B>3> 8 4@C3>3>, 8;8 :> 2@54C =5:>B>@KE, 8;8 =0?>:07, 8;8 ?> =C645. B> 65 ?8H5B 87 G5;>25:>C3>48O, 4;O A;02K 8 ?>:07=>AB8, B>B B5@O5B <74C A2>N 8 =8:0:>9 >B B>3> ?>;L7K =5 ?>;CG8B =8 745AL, =8 2 1C4CI5< 25:5, => >AC48BAO :0: G5;>25:>C3>4=8: 8 ;C:02K9 ?>E8B8B5;L A;>20 >68O. ", @5?>4>1=K9 0AA80= 8<;O=8=.   45;5 A?0A5=8O =0H53> CG0AB2C5B 8 1;03>40BL >68O 8 A2>1>4=>5 ?@>872>;5=85 =0H5; 8 G5;>25:, E>BO <>65B 8=>340 65;0BL 4>1@>45B5;8 (B> 5ABL AB@5<8BLAO : A>25@H5=AB2C), => GB>1K 8A?>;=8BL 65;0=8O A88, 2A5340 =C6405BAO 2 ?><>I8 >6859. 5 4>;6=> 4C<0BL, GB> ?@8@>40 G5;>25G5A:0O A?>A>1=0 : >4=><C B>;L:> 7;C; "2>@5F 2A5O; 2 4CH8 =0H8 A5<5=0 2A5E 4>1@>45B5;59, => 4;O 2>7@0AB0=8O 8E =C6=> 2>7459AB285 A> AB>@>=K >30, B0:, >4=0:> 65, GB> 2 G5;>25:5 2A5340 ?@51K205B A2>1>4=>5 ?@>872>;5=85 ?@8=8<0BL 8;8 =5 ?@8=8<0BL A88 1;03>40B=K5 2>7459AB28O. @5?. A00: !8@88.   :0:>9 <5@5 G5;>25: ?@81;8605BAO : >3C =0<5@5=85< A2>8<, 2 B0:>9 8 >3 ?@81;8605BAO : =5<C 40@>20=8O<8 !2>8<8. ;06. 804>E.  ;03>40BL 2=0G0;5 >1K:=>25==> >70@O5B 4CHC A2>8< A25B>< A A8;L=K< B>3> >ICI5=85<, 0 :>340 CA?5E8 2 4CE>2=>-E@8AB80=A:>9 687=8 ?>4283=CBAO 2?5@54, B>340 >=0, 1>;LH5N G0ABLN =5254><> 4;O 1>3>;N182>9 4CH8, A2>8 A>25@H05B 2 =59 B08=AB20, GB>1K ?>A;5 B>3> (?> C<8@>B2>@5=88 4CH8) 225AB8 =0A 2 @04>20=88 =0 AB57N 1>65AB25==KE A>75@F0=89, :0: 1C4B> 1K <K B>;L:> ?@87K205<K 1K;8 87 =52545=8O 2 2545=85, ?>A@548 65 ?>4283>2 (>1 C<8@>B2>@5=88 4CH8 >B AB@0AB59) 1;NAB8 =0H ?><KA5; =5 BI5A;02=K<. >4>105B =0< 2 <5@C 1KBL 225@305<K<8 2 ?5G0;L, :0: 1K <K 1K;8 >AB02;5=K 1;03>40B8N, 40 ?0G5 A<8@8<AO 8 =0CG8<AO ?>:>@AB2>20BL >A?>4=8< > =0A >?@545;5=8O<, 0 ?>B>< 1;03>2@5<5==> 2E>48BL 2 @04>ABL, 1;03>N >:@K;OOAL =04564>N; 81> :0: 157<5@=0O ?5G0;L 22>48B 4CHC 2 =5G0O=85 8 157=045685, B0: 8 G@57<5@=0O @04>ABL ?@82>48B 55 : A0<><=5=8N 8 :8G5=8N. >2>@N  > <;045=AB2CNI8E 5I5 687=LN 8 @07C<><. 564C ?@>A25I5=85< 1;03>40B8 8 >AB02;5=85< A@548=0  8A:CH5=85; 0 <564C ?5G0;LN 8 @04>ABLN A@548=0  =045640. 1> 3>2>@8BAO: "5@?O ?>B5@?5E >A?>40, 8 2=OB <8,  8 5I5: > <=>65AB2C 1>;57=59 <>8E... CB5H5=8O "2>O 2>725A5;8H0 4CHC <>N (A. 39, 2; 93, 19).  ;03>40BL 459AB2C5B G@57 C<, 0 A0B0=0 G@57 ?;>BA:85 GC2AB20 8 2;5G5=8O. !0B0=0 A2. :@5I5=85< 8725@305BAO 87 4CH8, => 5<C ?>?CA:05BAO 459AB2>20BL =0 =55 G@57 B5;>. ;03>40BL >68O 2A5;O5BAO 2 A0<CN 3;C18=C 4CH8, B> 5ABL 2 C<. 1>, :0: 3>2>@8BAO, 2AO A;020 4H5@5 F0@52K 2=CB@L, =52848<0O 4;O 15A>2 (A. 44, 14). >G5<C, :>340 B5?;5 2>A?><8=05< > >35, B> GC2AB2C5<, GB> ;N1>2L, :0: 1K ?>B>:><, 8AB>@305BAO 87 A0<>9 3;C18=K A5@4F0 =0H53>; 4CE8 65 7;K5 =0 GC2AB20 B5;5A=K5 =0?040NB 8 2 =8E 3=574OBAO, C4>1=> 459AB2CO G@57 ?>4@CG=CN 8< ?;>BL =0 B5E, :>8 <;045=G5AB2CNB 5I5 4CH>N. "0:8< >1@07><, C< =0H, ?> 1>65AB25==><C 0?>AB>;C, 2A5340 A>CA;06405BAO 70:>=C CE0; GC2AB20 65 ?;>BA:85 >E>B=> C2;5:0NBAO A;0AB>;N182K<8 A:;>==>ABO<8 ( 8<. 7, 18). BB>3> 2 B5E, :>8 @52=>AB=> ?@5CA?520NB 2 2545=88, 1;03>40BL G@57 GC2AB20 C<0 8 A0<>5 B5;> >125A5;O5B @04>20=85< =587@5G5==K<; :>340 65 =5@0482> 8 15A?5G=> B5G5< ?CB5< 1;03>G5AB8O, B> 15AK, =0E>4O =0A B0:8<8, ?;5=ONB 4CHC =0HC G@57 GC2AB20 B5;5A=K5, =0A8;LAB25==> 2;5G0 55 : B><C, G53> >=0 =5 E>G5B, C189FK! >2>@OI85, GB> 420 ;8F0, B> 5ABL CE 1;03>40B8 8 4CE 3@5E0, 2<5AB5 A>?@51K20NB 2 A5@4F5 25@CNI8E, 2 ?>425@645=85 A53> <=5=8O A2>53> 87 A;>2 8A0=8O [!25B 2> BL<5 A25B8BAO, 8 BL<0 53> =5 >1JOB (=. 1, 5)] 2K2>4OB, GB> A25B;>ABL >65AB25==0O =8A:>;L:> =5 >A:25@=O5BAO >B A>?@51K20=8O A ;C:02K<, E>BO 1K A25B >65AB25==K9 =5:0:> 8 ?@81;860;AO :> BL<5 15A>2A:>9. > B> 65 520=35;LA:>5 A;>2>:  <8@5 15, 8 <8@ "5< 1KABL, 8 <8@ 3> =5 ?>7=0: 2> A2>O ?@8845 8 A2>8 3> =5 ?@8OH0. ;8FK 65 ?@8OH0 3>, 4045 8< >1;0ABL G04>< >688< 1KB8, 25@CNI8< 2> 8<O 3> (=. 1,10-12), >1;8G05B B0:>2KE, GB> >=8 <C4@AB2CNB =5 A>3;0A=> A> !2OBK<8 8A0=8O<8. B0:, =5 > A0B0=5 3>2>@8B 520=35;8AB, GB> >= =5 ?>7=0; A25B0 8AB8==>3>, ?>B><C GB> >= >B =0G0;0 1K; GC64 53>, => 4>AB>9=> ?>@8F05B A8< A;>2>< ;N459, :>B>@K5, A;KH0 > A8;0E 8 GC45A0E >688E, =5 E>BOB, >4=0:> 6, ?@8ABC?8BL : A25BC 2545=8O 3> ?> ?@8G8=5 ><@0G5=8O A5@4F0 8E. >A?>4L =0CG05B =0A 2 A2. 20=35;88 !2>5<, GB> :>340 A0B0=0, 2>72@0BOAL, =0945B 4>< A2>9 2K<5B5==K< 8 ?CABK<, =0945B, B> 5ABL, A5@4F5 15A?;>4=K<, B>340 15@5B 4@C38E A5<L 4CE>2, 7;59H8E 53>, 2E>48B 2 =53> 8 3=5748BAO B0<, 45;0O ?>A;54=55 A>AB>O=85 G5;>25:0 B>3> EC65 ?5@2>3> (:. 11, 25-26). BAN40 =04;568B C@07C<5BL, GB> ?>:0 CE !2OB>9 >18B05B 2 =0A, 4>B>;5 A0B0=0 =5 <>65B 2>9B8 2 3;C18=C 4CH8 8 >18B0BL B0<. > 0?>AB>;C ( 8<. 7, 22-23) 4802>; >3=5==K<8 AB@5;0<8 =0?0405B =0 4CH8, %@8AB0 8A?>40 2 A515 =>AOI85, 8, 5A;8 =5 <>65B :0: ?@5645 3=5748BLAO 2 C<5 ?>42870NI8EAO ?> ?@8G8=5 ?@8ACBAB28O 2 =5< (C<5) 1;03>40B8, B> :0: 3=574OI89AO 2 B5;5 =0;5305B =0 ?>E>B=CN <>:@>B=>ABL, GB>1K 55 2;5G5=85< ?@5;LAB8BL 4CHC. >G5<C =04;568B 8AACH0BL B5;>, GB>1K C<, ?5E>B=>N <>:@>B>N 2;5:><K9, =5 ?>A:>;L70;AO =0 ?@8<0=:5 A;04>AB@0AB8O 8 =5 ?040;. @5?. >0== 0AA80=.  ;03>40BL >68O 2A5340 =0?@02;O5B 2>;N =0HC 2 4>1@CN AB>@>=C, B0:, >4=0:> 6, GB> 8 >B =0A B@51C5B 8;8 >68405B A>>B25BAB25==KE CA8;89. 'B>1K =5 40BL 40@>2 A2>8E 15A?5G=K<, >=0 2K8A:8205B A;CG08, :>B>@K<8 ?>1C6405B =0A >B E>;>4=>9 15A?5G=>AB8; GB>1K I54@>5 A>>1I5=85 40@>2 55 =5 :070;>AL 15A?@8G8==K<, A>>1I05B 8E ?>A;5 =0H53> 65;0=8O 8 B@C40. @8 2A5< B><, >4=0:> 6, 1;03>40BL 2A5340 405BAO 40@><, ?>B><C GB> 70 =0H8 <0;K5 CA8;8O 2>7405B A 157<5@=>N I54@>AB8N. >A5<C, A:>;L:> 1K =5 1K;8 B@C4K G5;>25G5A:85, 2A5 >=8 =5 <>3CB A45;0BL 1;03>40BL =5 BC=5 405<>N. ?>AB>; O7K:>2, E>BO 3>2>@8B, GB> ?>B@C48EAO ?0G5 2A5E 0?>AB>;>2  2?@>G5< ?@8A>2>:C?;O5B, GB> B@C4K MB8 =5 5<C ?@8=04;560B, 0 1;03>40B8 >6859, :>B>@0O A =8< (1 >@. 15, 10). "0:8< >1@07><, A;>2>< «?>B@C48EAO» >= 2K@0605B CA8;8O A2>59 2>;8; A;>20<8 «=5 07, => 1;03>40BL >68O»  >65AB25==>5 A>459AB285; 0 A;>2>< «A> <=>N»  ?>:07K205B B>, GB> 1;03>40BL A>459AB2>20;0 5<C, =5 2 ?@074=>AB8 8 15A?5G=>AB8 ?@51K20NI5<C, 0 B>340, :>340 >= B@C48;AO. @5?. A00: !8@88.  ;03>40B8 ?@54H5AB2C5B A<8@5=85, 0 =0:070=8N ?@54H5AB2C5B A0<><=5=85. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  AO:>5 ?>42870NI8EAO >AB02;5=85 1;03>40BLN 1K205B >1K:=>25==> 70 A;54CNI85 28=K: 1) 70 BI5A;0285, 2) 70 >AC645=85 1;86=53> 8 3) =04<5=85 4>1@>45B5;O<8. >G5<C, :>;L A:>@> GB>-;81> 87 A53> >:065BAO 2>H54H8< 2 4CH8 ?>42870NI8EAO, B> MB> ?@8G8=O5B 8< >AB02;5=85 >B >30; 8 =5 871560BL 8< ?@0254=>3> >AC645=8O 70 MB> ?@8 ?045=8OE, ?>:0, >B25@3H8 B>, GB> 1K;> ?@5645 ?@8G8=>N >AB02;5=8O, =5 C1560B =0 2KA>BC A<8@5==><C4@8O. @5?. @83>@88 !8=08B.  >B>@K5 B5@ONB 1;03>40BL, AB@064CB A85 70 =525@85 8 =5@045=85; 8 :>B>@K5 >?OBL >1@5B0NB 55  A?>4>1;ONBAO A53> 70 25@C 8 @0G5=85. -B8, ?>A;54=85, ?>42830NB 2A5 2?5@54 8 2?5@54; 0 B5, ?@>B82>;>6=K5 8<, A>2A5< >1@0I0NB 2A?OBL. ;03>40BL ?@85<;NI85 1K20NB :0: 70G02H85 8 =5?@074=K5 CE><; => 1K205B, GB> >=8 >B<5B0NB >65AB25==>5 A5<O 8;8 G@57 ?045=85, 8;8 >BB>3> GB> >24>2520NB >B >30 ?> ?@8G8=5 >1I5=8O A 2@03><, C:@K20NI8<AO 2=CB@L 8E. AB02;5=85 1;03>40B8 1K205B 459AB20 @048 AB@0AB59 (@048 CA;0645=8O AB@0AB=K<8 42865=8O<8) 8 A>25@H5==>5 55 ;8H5=85  @048 45;0=8O 3@5E>2. 1> 4CH0 AB@0AB>;N1820O 8 3@5E>;N1820O ;8H05BAO 1;03>40B8, 8 G@57 B> 45;05BAO 68;8I5< AB@0AB59.  #B25@6405<, GB> 5ABL 2>A5<L 3;02=KE ?@54<5B>2 A>75@F0=8O: 1  >3, =52848<K9 8 157284=K9, 157=0G0;L=K9 8 =5A>740==K9, ?@8G8=0 2A53> ACI53>, "@>9=>5 48=>5 8 @5ACI5AB25==>5 >65AB2>, 2  G8= 8 AB>O=85 C<=KE A8;, 3  A>AB02;5=85 2848<KE 25I59, 4  4><>AB@>8B5;L=>5 A=8AH5AB285 !;>20, 5  2A5>1I55 2>A:@5A5=85, 6  AB@0H=>5 2B>@>5 %@8AB>2> ?@8H5AB285, 7  25G=0O <C:0 8 8  &0@AB2> 515A=>5. '5BK@5 ?5@2K5  ?@>H54H85 8 A>25@H82H85AO, 0 G5BK@5 ?>A;54=85  1C4CI85 8 5I5 =5?@>O282H85AO, OA=>, >4=0:> 6, A>75@F05<K5 8 ?@87=0205<K5 ABO602H8<8 1;03>40B8N ?>;=CN G8AB>BC C<0. @8ABC?0NI89 65 : A5<C 157 A25B0 1;03>40B8 40 25405B, GB> >= AB@>8B D0=B0788, 0 =5 A>75@F0=85 8<55B, <5GB0B5;L=K9 4CE><, 1C4CG8 >?CBK205< D0=B078O<8 8 <5GB0NI89. /    !2OB8B5;L $5>D0= 0B2>@=8: (87 :=. «52848<0O 1@0=L»).  >:0O2H89AO ?@5405B A51O >3C =0 A;C65=85 8 B>BG0A =0G8=05B A;C68BL <C E>645=85< 2 70?>254OE 3> 8 2 2>;5 3>. 0?>2548 =5 BO6:8, => <=>3> ?@5?OBAB289 2AB@5G05B 8A?>;=5=85 8E 2> 2=5H=8E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E B@C4OI53>AO 8 >A>15==> 2> 2=CB@5==8E 53> A:;>==>ABOE 8 =02K:0E. "@C65=8: A0< 2A5 459AB2C5B, E>BO A >6859 ?><>ILN, >B4020O A51O ?@540==>AB8 2 >68N 2>;N, 8;8 ?@540=85< A51O 2A5459AB28N >68N. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  AO F5;L 70?>25459 !?0A8B5;O B0, GB>1K >A2>1>48BL C< >B =52>745@60=8O 8 =5=028AB8 8 2>725AB8 53> 2 ;N1>2L : 5<C 8 1;86=5<C, >B :>B>@>9 @>6405BAO A25B A2OB>3> 45OB5;L=>3> 2545=8O.  =>5, A>25@H5==>5 =0<8 4;O >30, 45;05BAO ?> 70?>2548; 8=>5 =5 ?> 70?>2548, => ?> 2>;L=><C ?@8=>H5=8N. > 70?>2548, :>340 <K ;N18< >30 8 1;86=53>, ;N18< 2@03>2, =5 ?@5;N1>459AB2C5<, =5 C18205< 8 ?@>G55; 70 GB>, 5A;8 <K B> =0@CH05<, ?>425@305<AO =0:070=8N. 5 ?> 70?>2548  :>340 E@0=8< 452AB2> 8 2545< 1571@0G=CN 687=L, >BGC6405<AO >B 2AO:>9 A>1AB25==>AB8, >BH5;L=8G5AB2C5< 8 ?@>G55. !88 ?>A;54=85 459AB28O 8<5NB 7=0G5=85 40@>2, GB>1K, 5A;8 ?> =5<>I8 =5 8A?>;=8< :0:>9 70?>2548, A8<8 40@0<8 C<8;>AB828BL 1;03>3> ;04K:C =0H53>.  0?>2548 >A?>4=8 =0CG0NB =0A 1;03>A;>2=> ?>;L7>20BLAO 25I0<8 A@54=8<8. ;03>A;>2=>5 65 ?>;L7>20=85 A@54=8<8 25I0<8 G8ABK< 45;05B A>AB>O=85 4CH8. '8AB>5 A>AB>O=85 4CH8 @>6405B @0AAC48B5;L=>ABL, @0AAC48B5;L=>ABL 65 @>6405B 15AAB@0AB85, >B :>B>@>3> @>6405BAO A>25@H5==0O ;N1>2L. 220 $0;0AA89.  !>1;N48 70?>2548  8 =0945HL ?>:>9; 2>7;N18 >30  8 C;CG8HL 2545=85. @5?. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  0: 4>1@>5 45;>, 157 ?@02>9 25@K 1K20NI55, <5@B2> 5ABL 2A5F5;> 8 157459AB25==>, B0: 8 25@0 >4=0, 157 45; ?@0254=KE, =5 87102;O5B =0A >B >3=O 25G=>3>. I5 :B> ;N1O9 O,  3>2>@8B >A?>4L,  70?>2548 >O A>1;N45B (=. 14, 23). B0:, 5A;8 ;N18< >A?>40 8 25@C5< 2 53>, 70A2845B5;LAB2C5< > B>< 8A?>;=5=85< 70?>25459 3>, GB>1K C;CG8BL 687=L 25G=CN. A;8 65 2 ?@57@5=88 C =0A A>1;N45=85 ?>25;5=89 3>, :>8< ?>:>@AB2C5B 2AO B20@L, B> :0: =07>25< A51O 25@=K<8 <K,  ?>GB5==K5 ?0G5 2AO:>9 B20@8 8 >4=8 87 2A5E 8E =5?>:>@=K5 ?0G5 2AO:>9 B20@8 8 >4=8 87 2A5E 8E =5?>:>@=K5 ?>25;5=85< !>B2>@H53> 8 =51;03>40@=K<8 >:07K20NI85AO ;03>45B5;N.  0?>2548 %@8AB>2K A>1;N40O, <K, =8G53> B5< =5 4>AB02;OO <C, =8 2 G5< =5 =C640NI5<CAO 8 2A5E 1;03 >40B5;N, => A0<8< A515 1;03>45B5;LAB2C5<, 70A;C6820O A515 687=L 25G=CN 8 =0A;0645=85 =587@5G5==KE 1;03. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  >3 >B =0A, G5;>25:>2, =5 B@51C5B =8G53> 4@C3>3>, :@><5 >4=>3> B>3>, GB>1K <K =5 3@5H8;8. > MB> =5 5ABL 8A?>;=5=85 70:>=0, 0 B>;L:> =5=0@CH8<>5 E@0=5=85 >1@070 8 3>@=53> 4>AB>8=AB20, 2 :>8E AB>O ?> 5AB5AB2C 8 =>AO A25B;>>A8O==CN >4564C CE0, <K ?@51K205< 2 >35 8 = 2 =0A, 1K205< ?> 1;03>40B8 1>30<8 8 AK=0<8 >688<8 8 7=0<5=C5<AO A25B>< ?>7=0=8O >30 ?> A;>2C: 7=0<5=0AO =0 =0A A25B ;8F0 "2>53>, >A?>48 (A. 4, 7). @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  >340 :B>, 45OB5;L=> B@C4OAL 2 8A?>;=5=88 70?>25459, 2=570?=> 8A?>;=8BAO @04>ABLN =5873;03>;0==>N 8 =587@5G5==>N, B0: GB> 8 A0< 87<5=8BAO 482=K< =5:88< 8 =52K@078<K< 87<5=5=85<, 8, :0: 1K A>2;5:H8AL 1@5<5=8 B5;5A=>3>, 701C45B > ?8I5, A=5 8 4@C38E ?>B@510E 5AB5AB20, B>340 40 25405B, GB> MB> 5ABL >685 5<C ?>A5I5=85, ?@>872>4OI55 2 ?>42870NI8EAO 682>B2>@=>5 C<5@B285 8 22>4OI55 8E G@57 B> 2 A>AB>O=85 15A?;>B=KE. "0:>9 1;065==>9 687=8 28=>2=8:0 5ABL A<8@5=85; ?8B0B5;L=8F0 8 <0B5@L  A2OB>5 C<8;5=85; 4@C38=O 8 A5AB@0  A>75@F0=85 >65AB25==>3> A25B0; ?@5AB>;  15AAB@0AB85; :>=5F  @5A2OB0O "@>8F0, >3.  >3 65;05B, GB>1K <K, :0: 5;5=8, 2>AB5:;8 =0 2KA>:85 3>@K 70?>25459 3> 8 1K;8 60640B5;L=59H8<8 682>B2>@=KE 2>4 !2OB>3> CE0. =>:8 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.  04;568B 2540BL B>, GB> 70 70?>2548 682>B>40B5;L=K5 8 70 25@C >A?>40 =0H53> 8ACA0 %@8AB0 4>;6=K <K, :>340 ?>B@51C5B 2@5<O, >E>B=> ?>3C18BL 8 A0<CN 4CHC A2>N, B. 5. =5 ?>I048BL 8 A0<>9 687=8 A2>59, :0: A85 !0< >A?>4L 3>2>@8B: 65 ?>3C18B 4CHC A2>N 5=5 @048 8 20=35;8O, B>9 A?0A5B N (:. 8, 35).  B0:>< ?@51K20O CAB@>5=88 8 704=OO C1> 701K20O, 2 ?@54=OO 65 ?@>AB8@0OAO ($8;. 3,13), B5:8 A> %@8AB>< 8ACA>< ?CB5< A2>8<, =5 >78@0OAL 2A?OBL.  +!  @5?>4>1=K9 0220 >@>D59.  %>@>H> A:070; 0220 8<5=, GB> ?@5CA?5O=85 <>=0E0 (8 2AO:>3> G5;>25:0) >1=0@C68205BAO 2 8A:CH5=8OE, 81> 2AO:89 ?@8ABC?0NI89 @01>B0BL >A?>4528, 4>;65=, :0: 3>2>@8B @5<C4@K9, C3>B>20B8 4CHC A2>N 2> 8A:CH5=85 (!8@. 2,1), GB>1K =8:>340 =5 C482;OBLAO 8 =5 A<CI0BLAO =8G5<, A;CG0NI8<AO A =8<, 25@CO, GB> =8G53> =5 1K205B 157 @><KA;0 >68O.  2 G5< >689 @><KA;, B> 2?>;=5 E>@>H> 8 A;C68B : ?>;L75 4CH8, 81> 2A5, GB> 45;05B A =0<8 >3, 45;05B = 4;O =0H59 ?>;L7K, ;N1O 8 <8;CO =0A. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  >3 A54>2>;L=K9 ?@>8725; B20@8 87 =51KB8O 2 1KB85 =5 ?>B><C, GB>1K 2 G5<-;81> 8<5; =C64C, =>, GB>1K >=8, A>>B25BAB25==> ?@85<;5<>AB8 A2>59, ?@8G0I0OAL 3> 1;065=AB20, =0A;0640;8AL. !0< 65 = 25A5;8;AO > 45;0E !2>8E, 284O 8E 25A5;OI8<8AO 8 2A5340 =5=0AKB=> =0AKI0NI8<8AO =5=0AKB8<K<. @5?. A00: !8@88.  C4L C25@5=, GB> E@0=8B5;L B2>9 2A5340 A B>1>N 8 GB> 2<5AB5 A 4@C38<8 B20@O<8 8 BK AB>8HL ?>4 48=K< ;04K:>N, >B>@K9 548=K< <0=>25=85< ?@82>48B 2A5 2 42865=85 8 2A5 CAB@>O5B. !B>9 65 <C65AB25==> 8 1;03>4CH5AB2C9. 8 45<>=K, =8 3C18B5;L=K5 725@8, =8 ?>@>G=K5 ;N48 =5 <>3CB 8A?>;=8BL 2>;8 A2>59 =0 2@54 B515 8 ?03C1C, 5A;8 =5 ?>?CAB8B A53> 872>;5=85 @02OI53> 8 =5 40AB A5<C <5AB0 2 >?@545;5==>9 <5@5. >A5<C 3>2>@8 4CH5 A2>59: «ABL C <5=O >15@530NI89 <5=O %@0=8B5;L, 8 =8 >4=0 87 B20@59 =5 <>65B O28BLAO ?@54> <=>N, @0725 B>;L:> 1C45B ?>25;5=85 A2KH5. A;8 65 5ABL =0 B> 2>;O ;04K:8 <>53>, GB>1K ;C:02K5 2>7>1;040;8 =04 A>740=85<, B> ?@8=8<0N A85, =5 >3>@G0OAL, :0: =5 65;0NI89, GB>1K 2>;O >A?>40 <>53> >AB0;0AL 157 8A?>;=5=8O». "0:8< >1@07><, 2 8A:CH5=8OE B2>8E 1C45HL 8A?>;=5= @04>AB8 :0: C25402H89 8 2 B>G=>AB8 A>7=02H89, GB> C?@02;O5B 8 @0A?>@O605B B>1>N ;04KG=55 <0=>25=85. "0: ?>4:@5?;O9 A5@4F5 A2>5 C?>20=85< =0 >A?>40.  'B> 3>@ABL ?5A:C, 1@>H5==0O 2 <>@5, B> 65 3@5E>?045=85 2AO:>9 ?;>B8 2 A@02=5=88 A >688< @><KA;>< 8 >685N <8;>AB8N.  :0: >18;L=K9 2>4>N 8AB>G=8: =5 703@06405BAO 3>@ABLN ?K;8, B0: <8;>A5@485 !>740B5;O =5 ?@5?>156405BAO ?>@>:0<8 B20@59.  " !B0@5F 8:>48< !2OB>3>@5F.   45;5 ABO60=8O 4>1@>45B5;59 =5>1E>48<> 459AB2>20BL B0:, GB>1K 2A5340 ?@>AB8@0BLAO 2 ?@54=OO ($8;. 3, 13), 5A;8 65;05< A:>@> 8 CA?5H=> 4>AB83=CBL ?@54?>;>65==>9 =0<8 F5;8. 1> :0: B>;L:> >AB0=>28<AO, E>BL =0 :>@>B:>5 2@5<O, B>BG0A ?>4048<AO =0704, ?>MB><C =04> 8 4>1@5 2=8<0BL, 8 =8:0: =5 ?>72>;OBL, GB>1 CA:>;L70;> >B @C: B2>8E B>, GB> <>65B ?>A;C68BL B515 ?>2>4>< : ABO60=8N 4>1@>45B5;59. >A5<C =5E>@>H> 45;0NB B5, :>B>@K5, A:>;L:> A8; 5ABL, 871530NB 2AO:8E ?@>B82=>AB59 =0 ?CB8 4>1@>45B5;8, :>B>@K5, >4=0:> 6, <>3;8 1K A;C68BL 8< : 1;03>CA?5H=><C ?> =5< B5G5=8N. 0?@8<5@, 5A;8 BK 65;05HL ABO60BL =02K: 2 B5@?5=88, B> =5 A;54C5B B515 871530BL B5E ;8F, 45; 8 >1AB>OB5;LAB2, :>B>@K5 =081>;55 2K2>4OB B51O 87 B5@?5=8O.  ;O ABO60=8O 4>1@>45B5;59 B@51C5BAO 4CH0 <C65AB25==0O 8 25;8:0O 8 2>;O, =5 :0:0O-=81C4L A;010O 8 2O;0O, => @5H8B5;L=0O 8 A8;L=0O, A 25@=K< ?@547@5=85< <=>38E ?@5?OBAB289 8 BO65;KE B@C4>2 8 A 3>B>2=>ABLN 2A5E 8E ?>4=OBL 8 ?5@5=5ABL. 220 >@>D59.  8 A0<K9 AB@0E >689, =8 <8;>ABK=O, =8 25@0, =8 2>745@60=85, =8 4@C30O :0:0O-;81> 4>1@>45B5;L =5 <>65B 1KBL A>25@H5=0 157 A<8@5==><C4@8O.  B> =5 2=8<05B A515 8 =5 ?>428705BAO, B>B ;53:> C:;>=O5BAO >B 4>1@>45B5;8, ?>B><C GB> 4>1@>45B5;8 ACBL A@548=0, B>B F0@A:89 ?CBL, > :>B>@>< >48= A2OB>9 AB0@5F A:070;: E>48B5 ?CB5< F0@A:8< 8 AG8B09B5 ?>?@8I0 (?CB8 A?0A5=8O).  B0:, :>340 G5;>25: C4>AB>8BAO ?@8>1@5AB8 A88 4>1@>45B5;8, B> >= 1K205B 1;03>C3>45= ?@54 >3><, 8 E>BO 2A5 284OB, GB> >= 5AB, ?L5B 8 A?8B, :0: 8 ?@>G85 ;N48, => B0:>2K9 1;03>C3>45= >3C 70 4>1@>45B5;8, :>B>@K5 8<55B.  :B> =5 2=8<05B A515 8 =5 >E@0=O5B A51O, B>B ;53:> C:;>=O5BAO >B A53> ?CB8 8;8 =0?@02>, 8;8 =0;52>, B. 5. 8;8 2 87;8H5AB2> 8;8 2 =54>AB0B>:, 8 ?@>872>48B 2 A515 =54C3, :>B>@K9 A>AB02;O5B 7;>. >B MB> F0@A:89 ?CBL, :>8< H5AB2>20;8 2A5 A2OBK5. 220 >A8<0.  0;>5 2;5G5=85 2>;8 =0H59 =0 4>1@> ?@82;5:05B >30 =0 ?><>IL, :0: O G0AB> 3>2>@8; 8 :0: 3>2>@8B 1>65AB25==K9 =B>=89: 4;O 4>1@>45B5;8 =C6=> =0H5 65;0=85 8 >?KB, =5 =C6=> =0< >B?@02;OBLAO 240;L 4;O ABO60=8O &0@AB28O 515A=>3>, =5 ?@5E>48BL <>@O 4;O 4>1@>45B5;8. 0:>5 C?>:>5=85 2=CH05B :@>B:89 8 A<8@5==K9! >8AB8=5, :@>BFK8 =0A;54OB 75<;N 8 =0A;54OBAO > <=>65AB25 <8@0 (A. 36, 11).  ;O 2AO:>9 4>1@>45B5;8 C?>B@51;5=K 8 B@C4, 8 2@5<O, 8 B>, GB>1K 65;0BL 55 8A:@5==>, >A>15==> 65 ?>B@51=> 4;O =55 A>459AB285 >685. 1>, 5A;8 >3 =5 ?>A>459AB2C5B ?@>872>;5=8N =0H5<C, B> 1C45B B@C4 =8I, B0: 65, :0: 8 B@C4 75<;545;LF0, >1@01>B02H53> 8 70A5O2H53> A2>8 75<;8, 5A;8 =5 >4>648B >3 =0 A5<O 53>. !>459AB285 65 >685 B@51C5B =0H8E <>;8B2, 81> 8<8 B>;L:> ?@82;5:05< <K ?><>IL >68N 2 70ABC?;5=85 =0A. A;8 2>7=5@048< > <>;8B25, B> :0: >3 ?@87@8B =0 B@C4 =0H? @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  "@8 =0G0;0 ?>1C640NB =0A : 4>1@C: 1) A5<5=0 4>1@0 2 =0A >B ?@8@>4K; 2) A2OBK5 A8;K 8 3) 4>1@>5 ?@>872>;5=85. !5<5=0 ?@8@>4K  :>340, =0?@., :0: 65;05<, GB>1K A =0<8 ?>ABC?0;8 ;N48, B0: 8 <K ?>ABC?05< A =8<8, 8;8 :>340 2848< G5;>25:0 2 B5A=>B5 8 =C645, 8 5AB5AB25==> <8;>A5@4C5< > =5<. !2OBK5 A8;K  :>340 GC2AB2CO ?>1C645=85 : 4>1@><C 45;C, >1@5B05< 2 A515 1;03>5 A>459AB285 8 CA?5205<. >1@>5 ?@>872>;5=85  :>340, @07;8G0O 4>1@> >B 7;0, 8718@05< 4>1@>5. 564C G5;>25G5A:8<8 459AB28O<8 <=>385 4>1@K A0<8 ?> A515, => 1K20NB =54>1@K<8 ?> :0:>9-;81> ?@8G8=5. 0?@., ?>AB, <>;8B20, <8;>ABK=O, AB@0==>?@88<AB2> A0<8 ?> A515 ACBL 45;0 4>1@K5, => :>340 45;0NBAO 87 BI5A;028O, B>340 >=8 C65 =5 4>1@K.  7 4>1@>45B5;59 8=K5 B5;5A=K5 (?>AB, @C:>45;85), 0 8=K5  4CH52=K5 (;N1>2L, 25;8:>4CH85, :@>B>ABL); 8B0:, 5A;8 A;CG8BAO ?> :0:>9-;81> =C645 8;8 A>AB>O=8N B5;5A=><C, =0?@., ?> 1>;57=8 8;8 ?> 4@C3>9 ?>4>1=>9 ?@8G8=5, <K =5 A<>65< 8A?>;=8BL 2KH5?>:070==KE 4>1@>45B5;59 B5;5A=KE, B> 8<55< A=8AE>48B5;L=>5 ?@>I5=85 >B >A?>40, 254CNI53> 8 ?@8G8=K B><C; =5 8A?>;=OO 65 4>1@>45B5;59 4CH52=KE, =8:0:>3> =5 1C45< 8<5BL 8728=5=8O, 81> >=8 =5 ?>4;560B B0:>2K< ?@5?OBAB28O<.  0: B5;> 3@5H8B 45;0<8 8 4;O ?5ABC=AB20 A2>53> 8<55B 4>1@>45B5;8 B5;5A=K5  40 F5;><C4@AB2C5B; B0: C< 3@5H8B AB@0AB=K<8 ?><KA;0<8 8 4;O ?5ABC=AB20 A2>53> 8<55B 4>1@>45B5;8 4CH52=K5  40 G8AB> 8 15A?@8AB@0AB=> 278@0O =0 25I8, F5;><C4@AB2C5B.  A;8 E>G5HL 1KBL ?@02545=, 4>AB02;O9 GB> 4>AB>8B :064>9 2 B515 G0AB8, B. 5. 4CH5 8 B5;C: <KA;8B5;L=>9 G0AB8 4CH8  GB5=85, 4CE>2=K5 A>75@F0=8O 8 <>;8B2C; @074@068B5;L=>9  4CE>2=CN ;N1>2L, ?@>B82>?>;>6=CN =5=028AB8; 2>645;520B5;L=>9  F5;><C4@85 8 2>745@60=85, 0 ?;>B8  ?8IC 8 >45O=85, :>8 >4=8 =5>1E>48<K.  ;O 4>1@>45B5;8 1;03>B2>@=> ?>42870BLAO A@548 1>;57=5==KE B@C4>2, 81> 2 B0:>< A;CG05 >=0 1;03>4CH=> 2A5 ?@5B5@?520NI8< ?@8=>A8B 15AAB@0AB85 4CH8, ?> :>5<C 4CH0, ;N1>2LN A>548=OOAL A >3><, >BB>@305BAO @0A?>;>65=85< >B ?;>B8 8 <8@0. 7<>645=85 B5;0 5ABL C:@5?;5=85 4CH8.  8:B> =5 <>65B 8AB8==> 1;03>A;>2;OBL >30, 5A;8 >= =5 >A2OB8; B5;> 4>1@>45B5;O<8 8 4CHC =5 ?@>A25B8; 8AB8==K<8 ?>7=0=8O<8. ;03>@0A?>;>65=85 2 4>1@>45B5;8 5ABL ;8F> C<>7@8B5;LAB2CNI53> C<0, :0: =0 =51> ?>4J5<;5<>5 =0 2KA>BC 8AB8==>3> 2545=8O.  5<>=K, 1>@NI85 ?@8 =54>AB0B:5 4>1@>45B5;8, ACBL B5, :>B>@K5 =0CG0NB 1;C4C 8 ?LO=AB2C, A@51@>;N18N 8 7028AB8; 0 ?@8 4>1@>45B5;OE 1>@NI85 ACBL B5, :>B>@K5 =0CG0NB A0<><=5=8N, BI5A;028N 8 3>@4>AB8 8 B0:8< >1@07>< G@57 45A=>5 A:@KB=> =0A520NB 2 =0A HC55. ;8O :48:.  0G0;> 45OB5;L=>9 4>1@>45B5;8  2>745@60=85 8 A<8@5=85, 8AB8=0 8 F5;><C4@85; :>=5F 65 55  <8@ ?><KA;>2 8 A2OB0O G8AB>B0 B5;0. @5?. @83>@89 !8=08B.  "@8 4>1@>45B5;8 4>;6=> B>G=> A>1;N40BL 2 157<>;288 8 :064K9 G0A 8A?KBK20BL, 2A5340 ;8 ?@51K205< 2 =8E, GB>1K, :0:-=81C4L 1K2 >:@045=K 70125=85<, =5 AB0;8 <K H030BL 2=5 8E. =8 ACBL: 2>745@60=85, <>;G0=85 8 A0<>C=8G865=85, B. 5. A<8@5=85. =8 >4=0 4@C3CN ?>445@6820NB 8 E@0=OB; <>;8B20 >B =8E @>6405BAO 8 2>7@0AB05B =5?@5AB0==>. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  3=5< >B:@>5BAO ?>A;54=89 45=L, 8 >3=5< 1C4CB 8A?KBC5<K 45;0 :064>3>,  3>2>@8B A2. 0?. 025; (1 >@. 3, 13), ?@8;030O ?@8 A5<, GB> GL8 45;0 ?> ACI5AB2C =5B;5==K, :0:>2K5 >= 2=CB@L A51O >B;>68;, 2 A>7840=85 A2>5, B5 ?@51C4CB ?>A@545 >3=O =5B;5==K<8, 8 =5 B>;L:> =5 A3>@OB, => 5I5 A45;0NBAO 1;5ABOI8<8, >G8AB82H8AL A>25@H5==> >B <0;KE :0:8E-;81> ?OB5=.  GL8 45;0 B;5==K ?> 25I5AB2C, :0:>2K5 >=, :0: 1@5<O, =0 A51O 2>7;>68;, B5, 2>73>@52H8AL, A3>@OB 8 >AB02OB 53> 2 >3=5 =8 A G5<. 5;0 =5B;5==K5 8 ?@51K20NI85 ACBL: A;57K ?>:0O=8O, <8;>ABK=O, A>AB@040=85, <>;8B20, A<8@5=85, 25@0, =045640 8 2AO:>5 45;>, 2 2840E 8AB8==>3> 1;03>G5AB8O A>45205<>5,  :>8 8 :>340 6825B G5;>25:, A>7840NBAO 2 =5< 2> A2OB>9 E@0< >3C, 8, :>340 C<8@05B, >BE>4OB A =8< =5B;5==K<8 2> 25:8.  45;0, 2 >3=5 8AB;520NI85, :0: 4;O 2A5E O2=>, ACBL: A;0AB>;N185, A;02>;N185, A@51@>;N185, =5=028ABL, 7028ABL, 2>@>2AB2>, ?LO=AB2>, 4>A0645=85, >AC645=85 8 2AO:>5 45;>, B5;>< A>25@H05<>5 ?> ?>E>B8 8;8 3=52C. A5 B0:85 45;0, :>340 6825B G5;>25:, @076830OAL ?>E>BLN, B;5NB 2<5AB5 A =8<, 8 :>340 >BB>@305BAO >= >B B5;0, >BE>4OB 2<5AB5 A =8<, => =5 A>?@51K20NB A =8<, 0, 1K2 8AB@51;5=K >3=5<, 45;0B5;O A2>53> >AB02;ONB 2 >3=5 =0 =5A:>=G05<CN 2> 25:8 25:>2 <C:C. @5?. D@5< !8@88.  >A?@88<5< ?>?5G5=85 > A?0A5=88 4CH8, 81> MB> 548=> 65 5ABL =0 ?>B@51C (:. 10, 42). "@51C5B A2>53> ?>?5G5=8O 8 B5;>, => =5<=>3>, 81> 4CH0 2A53> 2KH5.  !>AB>8HL 87 4CH8 8 B5;0, 8 40209 4CH5  4CH52=K5 A=548, 0 B5;C  B5;5A=K5. 5 409 4CH5 C<5@5BL, => ?8B09 55 A;>2>< >688<, ?A0;<0<8, ?5=85< 8 ?5A=O<8 4CE>2=K<8, GB5=85< 4CH5A?0A8B5;L=KE ?8A0=89, ?>AB><, 145=85<, <>;8B20<8, A;570<8, =04564>N 8 ?><KH;5=8O<8 > 1C4CI8E 1;030E. A5 A85 8 ?>4>1=>5 A5<C 5ABL ?8I0 8 687=L 4;O 4CH8.     220 >@>D59.  >3 A>B2>@8; G5;>25:0 ?> >1@07C !2>5<C, B> 5ABL 15AA<5@B=K<, A0<>2;0AB=K< 8 C:@0H5==K< 2AO:>9 4>1@>45B5;LN. > :>340 >= ?@5ABC?8; 70?>254L, 2:CA82H8 ?;>4 4@520, >B :>B>@>3> >3 70?>2540; 5<C =5 2:CH0BL, B>340 >= 1K; 873=0= 87 @0O (KB. 3), >B?0; >B 5AB5AB25==>3> A>AB>O=8O 8 2?0; 2 ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==>5, 8 ?@51K20; C65 2 3@5E5: 2 A;02>;N188, 2 ;N128 : =0A;0645=8O< 25:0 A53> 8 2 ?@>G8E AB@0ABOE, 8 1K; >1;0405< 8<8, 81> A0< A45;0;AO @01>< 8E G@57 ?@5ABC?;5=85. ">340 <0;>-?><0;C =0G0;> 2>7@0AB0BL 7;> 8 2>F0@8;0AL A<5@BL. @5?. >0== 0AA80=.  "25@4> A>45@60 2 <KA;8 @07;8G85 25I59 8 45; 8 7=0O, GB> =5B =0AB>OI53> 4>1@0, :@><5 >4=>9 4>1@>45B5;8, ?@>8AE>4OI59 87 AB@0E0 >68O 8 ;N128 : >3C, 8 GB> =5B =0AB>OI53> 7;0, :@><5 >4=>3>  3@5E0 8 >B45;5=8O >B >30, @0AA;54C5< B5?5@L A> 2A5< 2=8<0=85<, 1K;> ;8 :>340-=81C4L, GB>1K >3 8;8 !0< !>1>N 8;8 G@57 4@C3>3> :>3> ?@8G8=8; :><C-;81> 87 A2OBKE !2>8E 7;>. -B>3>, 157 A><=5=8O, =8345 =5 =0945HL. 1> =8:>340 =5 1K20;>, GB>1K 4@C3>9 <>3 225@3=CBL :>3>-;81> 2 3@5E8, :>340 >= =5 E>G5B MB>3> 7;0 8 ?@>B828BAO 5<C; 8, 5A;8 A;CG0;>AL, GB> 225@30;, B> >4=>3> B>3>, :B> A0< 2 A515 70G8=0; A59 3@5E ?> =5B@572>AB8 A5@4F0 8 @072@0I5==>9 2>;5. "0:, :>340 4802>; E>B5; 225@3=CBL 2 MB>B 3@5E ?@0254=>3> >20, B>, C?>B@5182 ?@>B82 =53> 2A5 :>7=8 7;>1K A2>59: ;8H82 53> 2A53> 1>30BAB20, ?>@0782 A<5@BLN 45B59 8 A0<>3> 53> A 3>;>2K 4> =>3 ?>:@K2 @0=0<8  =8:0: =5 <>3 70?OB=0BL 53> 3@5E><, ?>B><C GB> 2> 2A5E A8E ?@8:;NG82H8EAO >2 ?@51K; =5?>:>;518< 8 =5 4045 157C<8O >3C (>2. 1, 22).  A5 ACI55 8 1K20NI55 2 <8@5 B@>O:> 5ABL, 8<5==>: 4>1@>, 7;> 8 A@54=55.  45;0E G5;>25G5A:8E =8G53> =5 4>;6=> ?>G8B0BL ACI5AB25==K< 4>1@><, :@><5 >4=>9 4CH52=>9 4>1@>45B5;8, :>B>@0O 8A:@5==5N 25@>N ?@82>4O =0A : >3C, ?>=C6405B =5?@5AB0==> ?@8;5?;OBLAO : A5<C =587<5==><C 4>1@C , =0?@>B82, =8G53> =5 4>;6=> ?>G8B0BL 7;><, :@><5 >4=>3> 3@5E0, :>B>@K9, >B45;OO =0A >B 1;03>3> >30, A2O7K205B A 7;K< 4802>;><. !@54=55 5ABL B>, GB> <>65B 1KBL >B=>A8<> : B>9 8;8 4@C3>9 AB>@>=5, AC4O ?> :0G5AB2C 8 @0A?>;>65=8N ?>;L7CNI53>AO B5<, :0: B>: 1>30BAB2>, ?>G5ABL, 2;0ABL, B5;5A=0O A8;0, 74>@>2L5, :@0A>B0, A0<0O 687=L 8;8 A<5@BL, 154=>ABL, =5<>I=>ABL ?;>B8, =0?@0A;8=K 8 ?@>G55 A5<C ?>4>1=>5, GB> ?> :0G5AB2C 8 @0A?>;>65=8N ?>;L7CNI53>AO B5< <>65B A;C68BL 8;8 : 4>1@C, 8;8 :> 7;C 1> 8 1>30BAB2> G0AB> <>65B A;C68BL : 4>1@C, ?> 0?>AB>;C, :>B>@K9 1>30BK< 2 =K=5H=5< 25:5 70?>254C5B 1>30B8B8AO 2 45;5E 4>1@KE, 1;03>?>40B;82K< 1KB8, >1I8B5;L=K<, A>:@>28ICNI5 A515 >A=>20=85 4>1@> 2 1C4CI55, 40 ?@88<CB 25G=CN 687=L (1 "8<. 6, 17-19), => >?OBL  >=> 65 >1@0I05BAO 2> 7;>, :>340 A>18@0NB 53>, GB>1K B>;L:> :>?8BL 8 70@K20BL 2 75<;N, :0: 45;0NB A:C?K5, 8;8 @0AB>G0BL =0 @>A:>HL 8 CB5E8, 0 =5 2 ?>;L7C =C640NI8EAO. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  "><C, :B> =5 C<55B @07;8G0BL, GB> 4>1@> 8 GB> 7;>, =5 ?@8AB0;> AC48BL, :B> 4>1@ 8 :B> 7>; 87 ;N459. '5;>25:, 7=0NI89 >30,  4>1@; 0, :>340 >= =5 4>1@, B> 7=0G8B, =5 7=05B >30 8 =8:>340 =5 1C45B ?>7=0= >B 53>: 81> 548=AB25==K9 A?>A>1 : ?>7=0=8N >30 5ABL 4>1@>B0.   B5E, :>B>@K5 =5 ;N1OB C7=020BL, GB> 8< ?>;57=> 8 GB> 4>;6=> ?>G8B0BL 4>1@><, <>6=> A:070BL, GB> >=8 =5 2 4>1@>< 74>@>2L5; C B5E 65, :>8, ?>7=02 AB8=C, 15AABK4=> A?>@OB ?@>B82 =55, C<5@I2;5=0 @07C<=>ABL  =@02 8E A45;0;AO A:>BA:8<: =5 7=0NB >=8 >30 8 4CH0 8E =5 >70@5=0 A25B><.  '5;>25:, 1;03>G5AB82> 682CI89, =5 ?>?CA:05B 7;C 2>9B8 2 4CHC  :>340 =5B 2 4CH5 7;0, B>340 1K205B >=0 157>?0A=0 8 =52@548<0. 04 B0:>2K< =8 7;>1=K9 45<>=, =8 A;CG09=>AB8 =5 8<5NB 2;0AB8. >3 87102;O5B 8E >B 7>; 8 682CB >=8 =52@548<> E@0=8<K, :0: 1>3>?>4>1=K5. >E20;8B ;8 :B> B0:>2>3>, >= 2 A515 A0<>< ?>A<58205BAO =04 E20;OI8< 53>, >15AA;028B ;8, >= A0< =5 70I8I05BAO ?@54 ?>=>AOI8< 53> 8 =5 =53>4C5B 70 B>, GB> B0: 3>2>@OB > =5<. @5?. A08O >BH5;L=8:.  '5;>25:, 4>:>;5 45;05B 7;>, =5 <>65B 45;0BL 4>1@0, => <>65B 45;0BL ;8HL 7;> ?>4 ;8G8=>N 4>1@0. @5?. A00: !8@88.  @54?>G8B0BL 4>1@>5 872>;5=85 5ABL 45;> 65;0NI53>; 4>25@H0BL 65 2K1>@ 4>1@>3> 872>;5=8O  45;> >685. ;O A53> 8<55B G5;>25: =C64C 2 >6859 ?><>I8. C45< 65 45;0BL B0:, GB>1K 70 ?>O2;ONI8<AO 2 =0A 4>1@K< 65;0=85< A;54>20;8 G0ABK5 <>;8B2K, A ?@>H5=85< =5 B>;L:> >:070BL =0< ?><>IL, => 8 ?>:070BL, 1;03>C3>4=> ;8 65;0=85 A85 2>;5 >6859 8;8 =5B. 1> =5 2AO:>5 4>1@>5 65;0=85 2E>48B 2 A5@4F5 >B >30, => B>;L:> B>, :>B>@>5 ?>;57=>. =>340 G5;>25: 65;05B 4>1@>3>, => >3 =5 ?><>305B 5<C; ?>B><C GB> 8=>340 ?>4>1=>5 A5<C 65;0=85 2E>48B 8 >B 4802>;0, =5 =0 ?>;L7C =0<, 0 2> 2@54, 8;8 ?>B><C GB> 45;> 65;05<>5 =5 2 <5@C =0<, B0: :0: 5I5 <K =5 4>AB83;8 A>>B25BAB2CNI53> B><C 68B8O.  !!" 220 >@>D59.  >340 >3 A>B2>@8; G5;>25:0, B> = 2A5O; 2 =53> =5GB> >65AB25==>5, :0: 1K =5:>B>@K9 ?><KA;, 8<5NI89 2 A515, ?>4>1=> 8A:@5, 8 A25B 8 B5?;>BC; ?><KA;, :>B>@K9 ?@>A25I05B C< 8 ?>:07K205B 5<C, GB> 4>1@>5 8 GB> 7;>5,  A85 =07K205BAO A>25ABLN, 0 >=0 5ABL 5AB5AB25==K9 70:>=. >A;54CO A5<C 70:>=C, B> 5ABL A>25AB8, ?0B@80@E8 8 2A5 A2OBK5 ?@5645 =0?8A0==>3> 70:>=0 C3>48;8 >3C.  B0:, ?>AB0@05<AO E@0=8BL A>25ABL =0HC, ?>:0 <K =0E>48<AO 2 MB>< <8@5, =5 4>?CAB8<, GB>1K >=0 >1;8G0;0 =0A 2 :0:><-;81> 45;5; =5 1C45< ?>?8@0BL 55 >B=N4L =8 2 G5<, E>BO 1K B> 1K;> 8 A0<>5 <0;>5. =09B5, GB> >B ?@5=51@565=8O A53> <0;>3> 8 2 ACI=>AB8 =8GB>6=>3> <K ?5@5E>48< 8 : ?@5=51@565=8N 25;8:>3>. 1>, 5A;8 :B> =0G=5B 3>2>@8BL: «'B> 70 206=>ABL, 5A;8 O A:06C MB> A;>2>? GB> 70 206=>ABL, 5A;8 O ?>A<>B@N =0 BC 8;8 =0 MBC 25IL?» B MB>3>  «GB> 70 206=>ABL 2 B><, GB> 70 206=>ABL 2 4@C3><?»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e 8 :064K9 87 20A <>3 A @04>ABLN A:070BL: <5=5 65 70 =57;>185 ?@8O;, 8 CB25@48; <O 5A8 ?@54 ">1>N 2 25:8 (A. 40,13). @5?. A84>@ 5;CA8>B.  @8AB@0AB85 =540;L=>284=>, 0 =5=028ABL 8 2>2A5 =8G53> =5 2848B.  ,  @5?. 0AA80= 8<;O=8=.  K205B >B 3=520 8 CA;C30 =0< >G5=L ?@83>4=0O, :>340 @0AA5@68205<AO, 4>A04CO =0 A;04>AB@0AB=K5 42865=8O =0H53> A5@4F0, 8;8 :>340 ?@>B82 A0<>3> 3=520 @0AA5@68205<AO, 70G5< >= 2:@0;AO, 2>71C640O =0A ?@>B82 1@0B0 (8;8 3=5205<AO =0 15A>2, 8A:CH0NI8E =0A). @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  0=K G5;>25:C 3=52 8 ?>65;0=85, => 5<C 40= 8 C<, 8 ?>:0 C< A59 1K; 74@02, ?@51K20;8 2 A2>5< G8=5 8 MB8 42865=8O; 8<5==>: ?>65;0=85 CAB@5<;O;>AL : <KA;5==K< 1;030< >688< 8 8E 2>645;520;>, 0 3=52 >?OBL MB> 65 A0<>5 ?>65;0=85 @074@060; 8 ?@82>48; 2 =0?@O65=85, GB>1K >=> A 1>;LH8< @25=85< 2>645;520;> >=KE 1;03 >65AB25==KE.  !  .  !"/",!" @5?>4>1=K9 >0== 5AB28G=8:.  !@51@>;N185 5ABL ?>:;>=5=85 84>;0<, 4I5@L =525@8O; >=> >?@024K205BAO =5<>I0<8, ?@>@5:05B AB@0ABL, ?@542>725I05B 3>;>4, ?@54A:07K205B 70ACEC.  !@51@>;N15F A<55BAO =04 20=35;85< 8 >=  4>1@>2>;L=K9 ?@5ABC?=8:. B> ?@8>1@5; ;N1>2L, B>B @0AB>G05B 45=L38, 0 :B> 3>2>@8B, GB> 6825B 8 4;O ;N128 8 4;O 45=53, B>B A0< A51O >1<0=K205B.  B> ?>1548; AB@0ABL A@51@>;N18O, B>B ?>;>68; :>=5F ?>?5G5=8O<, 0 :B> A2O70= 5N, B>B =8:>340 =5 ?><>;8BAO A G8ABK< A5@4F5<. 0G0;> A@51@>;N18O  =0<5@5=85 ?>4020BL <8;>ABK=N, 0 :>=5F 53>  =5=028ABL : 154=K<. >:0 =5 =0G0; A>18@0BL  1K205HL <8;>AB82, 0 O28;8AL 45=L38  8 @C:8 A60;.  5ABO60B5;L=>ABL 5ABL >B;>65=85 701>B, =5?>?5G8B5;L=>ABL > 68B59A:><, =5 2AB@5G0NI89 ?@5?OBAB288 ?CB=8:, 25@0 2 70?>2548; 59 GC640 ?5G0;L.  '5;>25: =5ABO60B5;L=K9 G8AB 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K, 0 ;N1>ABO60B5;L=K9 <>;8BAO 25I5AB25==K< :C<8@0<.  >@5=L 1> 2A5< 7;K< A@51@>;N185 (1 "8<. 6, 10), ?>B><C GB> >=> ?@>872>48B =5=028ABL, BO61K, 7028ABL, @07;CG5=8O, 2@064K, A<OB5=8O, ?0<OB>7;>185, 65AB>:>A5@485, C189AB2>. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  !B@0ABL A@51@>;N18O >1=0@C68205BAO B5<, 5A;8 :B> ?@8=8<05B 2A5340 A @04>ABLN, 0 ?>405B A ?5G0;LN.  5;N1>ABO60B5;5= B>B, :B> >B@5:AO >B 2AO:>9 A>1AB25==>AB8 8 =0 75<;5 A>2A5< =5 8<55B =8G53>, :@><5 B5;0, 40 8 : =5<C >BB>@3=C2 2AO:>5 @0A?>;>65=85, >3C 8 1;03>G5AB82K< ;N4O< 225@8; 2A5 > A515 ?>?5G5=85. 7 ?@8>1@5B0NI8E 8<5=85, =5:>B>@K5 ?@8>1@5B0NB >=>5 15AAB@0AB=>, ?>G5<C 8 ;8H0OAL 53>, =5 A:>@1OB :0: @073@01;5=85 8<5=89 A2>8E A @04>AB8N ?@8=8<0NI85 (2@. 10, 34). @C385 65 ABO6020NB 53> AB@0AB=>, ?>G5<C, :>340 ?@54;>60B 8< ;8H8BLAO ABO60=89, ?5G0;OBAO, :0: 8 C?><8=05<K9 2 20=35;88 1>30G, >BJ845 A:>@1O (D. 19, 22); 5A;8 65 2 A0<>< 45;5 ;8H0BAO, B> A:>@1OB A<5@B5;L=>. "0:8< >1@07><, ;8H5=85 8<5=8O >1;8G05B @0A?>;>65=85 15AAB@0AB=>3> 8;8 AB@0AB=>3> ABO60B5;O.  "@8 ?@8G8=K ;N128 : 1>30BAB2C: A;0AB>;N185, BI5A;0285 8 =525@85; A8;L=55 65 42CE ?5@2KE  =525@85. !;0AB>;N182K9 ;N18B A5@51@>, GB>1K A ?><>ILN 53> =0A;0640BLAO; BI5A;02=K9  GB>1K ?@>A;028BLAO, 0 =525@CNI89  GB>1K A:@KBL 8 E@0=8BL 53>, 1>OAL 3>;>40 8;8 AB0@>AB8, 8;8 1>;57=8, 8;8 873=0=8O 8 =0 =53> 1>;55 =045OAL, =565;8 =0 >30, !>740B5;O 8 @><KA;8B5;O 2AO:>9 B20@8, 4065 4> ?>A;54=8E 8 <0;59H8E 682>B=KE. 220 $0;0AA89.  !@51@>;N185 5ABL: ?8I0 AB@0AB59, ?>:>;8:C >=0 ?>445@68205B 8 @0AB8B 2A5>1J5<;NICN A0<>C3>4;82CN ?>E>BL. ;8O :48:.  AB8==> <8;>AB82 =5 B>B, :B> ?@>872>;L=> @07405B 87;8H=55, => :B> >E>B=> CABC?05B =5>1E>48<>5 ?>E8B8B5;O<. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  5 B> A?0A05B, 5A;8 :B> >4=064K 8 >4=><C :><C >:065B <8;>ABL, E>BO B>, 5A;8 :B> 8 >4=>3> ?@57@8B, ?>28==K< 45;05B >3=N 25G=><C. 1> 270;:0EAO 8 2>76040EAO A:070=> =5 ?@> >48= A;CG09 8 =5 ?@> >48= 45=L, => C:07K205B =0 2AN 687=L. 02=K< >1@07><: =0?8B05B5, =0?>8AB5, >45OAB5 8 ?@>G55, GB> A;54C5B, =5 =0 >4=>:@0B=>5 45;> C:07K205B, => =0 2A5340H=55 8 2 >B=>H5=88 :> 2A5<. %@8AB>A, >A?>4L 8 >3 =0H, 8A?>2540;, GB> = B0:CN <8;>ABL !0< ?@85<;5B >B @01>2 !2>8E (2 ;8F5 =C640NI8EAO). B> ?>40; <8;>ABK=N A>B=5 =C640NI8EAO, =>, <>3H8 40BL 8 4@C38<: =0:>@<8BL 8 =0?>8BL <=>38E  >B:070; C<>;O2H8< 53> 8 2>?8O2H8< : =5<C, B>B 1C45B AC48< >B %@8AB0 :0: =5 =0?8B02H89 3>. >B><C GB> 8 2 MB8E 2A5E = 5ABL ">B 65 !0<K9, >B>@>3> ?8B05< <K 2 :064>< 87 154=KE. @5?. A00: !8@88.  A;8 <8;>AB82K9 =5 1K205B 2KH5 A2>59 ?@024K, B> >= =5 <8;>AB82, B> 5ABL =0AB>OI89 <8;>AB82K9 =5 B>;L:> 405B ;N4O< <8;>ABK=N 87 A2>53> A>1AB25==>3>, => 8 A @04>ABLN B5@?8B >B 4@C38E =5?@024C 8 <8;C5B 8E.  B> 4CHC ?>;0305B 70 1@0B0, B>B <8;>AB82, 0 =5 B>B, :B> ?>40O=85< B>;L:> >:07K205B <8;>ABL 1@0BC A2>5<C  B>B <8;>AB82, :B>, 5A;8 70CH5= 1@0B>< A2>8<, =5 2>7K<55B AB>;L:> 15AABK4AB20, GB>1K >B25B8BL 8 >?5G0;8BL A5@4F5 53>.  B> ;N18B 1;5A:, B>B =5 <>65B ?@8>1@5AB8 A2>1>4=KE <KA;59, ?>B><C GB> A5@4F5 2=CB@5==5 =0AB@08205BAO ?> ?>4>18N 2=5H=8E >1@07>2.  8GB> =5 <>65B B0: ?@81;878BL A5@4F5 : >3C, :0: <8;>ABK=O; 8 =8GB> =5 ?@>872>48B 2 4CH5 B0:>9 B8H8=K, :0: ?@>872>;L=0O =8I5B0.  5 AB0@09AO @0A?>7=020BL 4>AB>9=>3> >B =54>AB>9=>3>; ?CABL 2A5 ;N48 1C4CB C B51O @02=K 4;O 4>1@>3> 45;0. 1> A8< A?>A>1>< <>65HL 8 =54>AB>9=KE ?@82;5GL : 4>1@C, ?>B><C GB> 4CH0 ?>A@54AB2>< B5;5A=>3> A:>@> ?@82;5:05BAO 2 AB@0E >689.  57 =5ABO60B5;L=>AB8 4CH0 =5 <>65B >A2>1>48BLAO >B <OB560 ?><KA;>2, 8, =5 ?@8254O 2 157<>;285 GC2AB2, =5 >ICB8B <8@0 2 <KA;OE.  B> <8;C5B =8I53>, B>B ?>?5G8B5;5< > A515 8<55B >30; 8 :B> @048 >30 >1=8I05B, B>B >1@5B5B =5>A:C4520NI85 A>:@>28I0. >3 =8 2 G5< =5 8<55B =C64K, => C25A5;O5BAO, :>340 2848B, GB> G5;>25: C?>:>5205B >1@07 3> 8 GB8B >=K9 @048 53>; :>340 ?@>A8B :B> C B51O B>3>, GB> 8<55HL BK, =5 3>2>@8 2 A5@4F5 A2>5<: >AB02;N MB> 4CH5 <>59, GB>1K C?>:>8BLAO 2 MB><, 0 MB><C ?>40AB >3 87 4@C3>3> <5AB0 ?>B@51=>5 4;O =53>. "0:85 <KA;8 ?@8;8G=K ;N4O< =5?@0254=K< 8 =5 7=0NI8< >30. '5;>25: A?@0254;82K9 8 4>1@K9 =5 40AB G5AB8 A2>59 8=><C 8 =5 ?>?CAB8B, GB>1K 2@5<O 1;03>40B8 ?@>E>48;> 157 45;0. '5;>25: =8I89 8 =C640NI89AO A=01605BAO >B >30, ?>B><C GB> >A?>4L =8:>3> =5 >AB02;O5B. > BK, >B>A;02 >B A51O C1>3>3>, C:;>=8;AO >B G5AB8, 40==>9 B515 >3><, 8 C40;8; >B A51O 1;03>40BL 3>. '!"" (#) @5?>4>1=K9 0:0@89 5;8:89.  ;02=59H55 45;> ?>4286=8:0 2 B>< A>AB>8B, GB>1K, 2>H54H8 2 A5@4F5 A2>5, A>B2>@8BL B0< 1@0=L A A0B0=>N 8 2>7=5=02845BL 53> 8, ?@>B82>1>@AB2CO ?><KA;0< 53>, 2>520BL A =8<. A;8 65 :B>, ?> 2848<>AB8, A>E@0=8B B5;> A2>5 >B @0AB;5=8O 8 1;C40, 2=CB@8 65 ;N1>459AB2C5B ?@54 >3><, 1;C4=8G0O 2 ?><KA;0E, B> 8<5BL B5;> 452AB25==K< =8:0:>9 =5B ?>;L7K. 1> =0?8A0=>: 2AO:, 865 2>77@8B =0 65=C, :> 565 2>645;5B8 5O, C65 ?@5;N1>459AB2>20 A =5N 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< (D. 5,28). ABL 1;C4, B5;>< A>25@H05<K9, 8 5ABL 1;C4 4CH8, A A0B0=>N >1I0NI59AO. ;06. 804>E.  >340 G5;>25: >689 2A5 ?>GB8 ?>1548B AB@0AB8, 420 15A0 >AB0NBAO 5I5 @0ABCI8<8 ?@>B82 =53>, 87 :>8E >48= 4CHC B><8B, 2>71C640O (?>4286=8:0) ?> 25;8:><C 1>3>;N18N : =5?><5@=>9 @52=>AB8, B0: GB> >= =5 E>G5B 4>?CAB8BL, GB>1K 4@C3>9 :B> C3>48; >3C ?0G5 53>; 0 4@C3>9  B5;>, 2>71C640O 53> >3=5==K< =5:88< 42865=85< : ?>E>B5=8N ?;>BA:><C. K205B 65 A85 A B5;><, ?>B><C GB> B0:0O A;0ABL ?>E>B=0O A2>9AB25==0 5AB5AB2C =0H5<C, :0: 2;>65==0O 2 =53> G04>@>48O @048, ?>G5<C >=0 8 =5C4>1=> ?>156405<0,  0 ?>B>< 8 ?> ?>?CI5=8N >68N. 1>, :>340 1>A?>4L C2848B :>3> 87 ?>4286=8:>2 A;8H:>< 2KA>:> 2>AE>4OI8< 2 ?@5C<=>65=88 4>1@>45B5;59, B>340 ?>?CA:05B 5<C 8=>9 @07 1KBL 2>7<CI05<C A8< A:25@=K< 15A><, GB>1K >= ?>G8B0; A51O EC459H8< 2A5E 682KE ;N459. "0:>5 =0?045=85 AB@0AB8 A59 8=>340 1K205B ?>A;5 A>25@H5=8O 4>1@KE 45;, 0 8=>340 ?@5645 B>3>, GB>1K 42865=85 A59 AB@0AB8, ?@54H5AB2C5B ;8 >=> 45;0< 8;8 ?>A;54C5B, 70AB02;O;> 4CHC :070BLAO ?@54 A>1>N =5?>B@51=59H5N, :0: 1K =5 1K;8 25;8:8 A>25@H5==K5 5N 45;0. > ?@>B82 ?5@2>3> 15A0 1C45< 1>@>BLAO CAC3C1;5=85< A<8@5=8O 8 ;N128, 0 ?@>B82 2B>@>3>  2>745@60=85<, 1573=5285< 8 C3;C1;5=85< ?0<OB8 > A<5@B8, GB>1K G@57 B>, GC2AB2CO 2 A515 =5?@5AB0==> 459AB2> !2OB>3> CE0, A>45;0BLAO =0< 2 >A?>45 2KAH8<8 8 MB8E AB@0AB59. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  >4>948 ;CGH5 : 3>@OI5<C :>AB@C, =565;8 : N=>9 65=I8=5, :>340 BK 8 A0< N=. 1>, ?>GC2AB2>202 1>;L >B >3=O, :>340 : =5<C ?@81;878HLAO, B>BG0A >BA:>G8HL ?@>GL, 0 @07=560AL 65=A:8<8 @5G0<8, =5 24@C3 >B>945HL.  ;N48, G5;>25:, 2>745@60=85; ?>4 ?@54;>3>< ?>:0O=8O =5 >1>;LI09AO =58725AB=K<8 =045640<8. 1> <=>385, ?02, =5<54;5==> ?>E8I5=K A<5@BLN, 0 4@C385 =5 2 A8;0E 1K;8 2AB0BL >B ?045=8O ?@82KG=>3>, A;0ABO<8 ?5E>B=K<8 A2O70==K5, :0: 70:>=><. >G5<C 7=05HL BK, 1C45HL ;8 682 8 ?>:05HLAO ;8, GB> =07=0G05HL A515 3>4K 687=8? 040O, BK ?>1;0605HL ?;>B8 A2>59, B>340 :0: =04;560;> 1K B515 ?0G5 ?@540BLAO ?0<OB>20=8N > A<5@B8, GB>1K 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< ?>68255 ?@54AB028BL AB@0H=>5 >?@545;5=85 !C40, 8 B5< C30A8BL <C4@>20=85 @0A?0;5==>9 ?;>B8. @5?. D@5< !8@88.  A;8 =0 42>@5 =5 405HL =0:>?;OBLAO =5G8AB>B0<, B> =5 40209 8 2=CB@8 A51O CA8;820BLAO ?>65;0=8O< ?;>BA:8<. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  87=L ?;>BA:0O 8 =0A;0645=85 2 687=8 A59 1>;LH8< 1>30BAB2>< 8 2;0ABLN 1K20NB A<5@BLN 4;O 4CH8; 8 =0?@>B82, B@C4, B5@?5=85, 154=>ABL A 1;03>40@5=85< 8 C<5@I2;5=85 B5;0 5ABL 687=L 4CH8 8 ?CBL : 25G=><C CB5H5=8N. @5?. 8:>48< !2OB>3>@5F (87 :=. «52848<0O 1@0=L»).  A52>7<>6=> 8715309 2A5E A;CG052, <>3CI8E 2>7<CB8BL ?>:>9 ?;>B8 B2>59, >A>15==> 2AB@5G8 A ;8F0<8 4@C3>3> ?>;0.  5A;8 8=>9 @07 1C45B O2;OBLAO =C640 15A54>20BL A :0:8<-=81C4L B0:8< ;8F><, 15A54C9 =54>;3>, A>1;N40O =5 B>;L:> A:@><=>ABL, => 8 =5:CN AB@>3>ABL 2 ;8F5 A2>5<, 8 A;>20 B2>8 ?CABL 1C4CB ?@8 2A59 ?@825B;82>AB8 1>;LH5 A45@60==K, =565;8 1;03>A:;>==K.  530O C1> 15309 2A52>7<>6=>: ) >B B0:>3> A>>1@0I5=8O A ;8F0<8, <>3CI8<8 ?>A;C68BL 4;O B51O 2 A>1;07=, 5A;8 8A:@5==> 65;05HL =5 ?>?0ABL 2 ?;5= 3@5E0 8 =5 C?;0B8BL >1@>:0 53>, :>B>@K9 5ABL A<5@BL 4CH52=0O. 5 =0 MB> ;8 C:07K20; 0?>AB>;, :>340 70?>254K20; :>@8=DO=0<: 15309B5 1;C40 (1 >@. 6,18). ) 15309 =8G53>=545;0=8O 8 ;5=>AB8 8 AB>9 1>4@5==>, 2> 2A5 3;070 A<>B@O 70 ?><KA;0<8 8 <C4@> CAB@>OO 8 254O 45;0 A2>8, B@51C5<K5 B2>8< ?>;>65=85<. ) =8:>340 =5 >A;CH8209AO =0AB>OB5;59 B2>8E 8 >BF>2 4CE>2=KE, => >E>B=> ?>28=C9AO 8< 2> 2A5<, A:>@> 8 A 3>B>2=>ABLN 8A?>;=OO, GB> =8 ?@8:06CB, 8 =08?0G5 B>, GB> A<8@8B5;L=> 4;O B51O 8 ?@>B82=> B2>59 2>;5 8 B2>8< A:;>==>ABO<. ) =8:>340 =5 ?>72>;O9 A515 A<5;> AC48BL > 1;86=5<, =8:>3> =5 AC48 8 =5 >AC6409, 8 >A>15==> 70 MB>B A0<K9 ?;>BA:>9 3@5E, E>BO 1K :B> O2=> 2?0; 2 =53>, => ?>8<59 : =5<C A>AB@040=85 8 60;>ABL; =8 =53>4C9 =0 =53> 8 =5 A<59AO =04 =8<, => >B 53> ?@8<5@0 ?>708<AB2C9 A515 C@>: A<8@5=8O, 8, 7=0O, GB> 8 A0< BK :@09=5 A;01 8 =0 EC4>5 ?>42865=, :0: ?@0E =0 ?CB8, 3>2>@8 A515: =K=5 ?0; >=, 0 702B@0 ?04C O. 5409, GB> 5A;8 BK A:>@ =0 >AC645=85 8 ?@57@5=85 : 4@C38<, B> >3 1>;L=> =0:065B B51O 70 MB>, ?>?CAB82 A0<><C B515 2?0ABL 2 B>B 65 3@5E, 70 :>B>@K9 >AC6405HL 4@C38E. 5 AC48B5, 40 =5 AC48<8 1C45B5 (D. 7,1) 8 =0 B> 65 =5 1C45B5 >AC645=K. ) 2=8<09 A515 8 1>4@AB2C9 =04 A>1>9, 5A;8 ABO60; BK :0:>9 40@ >689 8;8 =0E>48HLAO 2 4>1@>< A>AB>O=88 4CE>2=><, =5 2>A?@8=8<09 2 A0<><=5=88 AC5B=>3> 8 <5GB0B5;L=>3> > A515 ?><KH;5=8O, 1C4B> 1K BK =5GB> 8 ;CGH5 4@C38E. 0: B>;L:> B0: ?>4C<05HL, ?045HL ;53:>, :0: >A5==89 ;8AB A 45@520. !% @5?>4>1=K9 >0== 0@?0DA:89.  8GB> B0: =5 @0AAB@08205B >1KG=> 4>1@>3> =0AB@>5=8O, :0: A<5E, HCB:8 8 ?@074=>A;>285.  >?OBL, =8GB> B0: =5 >1=>2;O5B >125BH02HCN 4CHC 8 =5 C3>B>2;O5B : A1;865=8N A >3><, :0: AB@0E >689, 4>1@>5 2=8<0=85, =5?@5AB0==>5 ?>CG5=85 2 A;>25A0E >688E, 2>>@C65=85 A51O <>;8B2>N 8 27KA:0=85 4>1@>?;>4=>3> 45;0=8O. !%   !", (,!",) !2. D@5< !8@88.  0G0;> 4CH52=>3> @072@0I5=8O 2 <>=0E5  A<5E 8 2>;L=>ABL. >340 C2848HL 2 A515 MB>  GB> ?@8H5; BK 2 3;C18=C 7>;, =5 ?5@5AB0209 <>;8BL >30, 40 871028B B51O >B MB>9 A<5@B8. !<5E 8 2>;L=>ABL 225@30NB 2 ?>ABK4=K5 AB@0AB8 =5 B>;L:> N=KE <>=0E>2, => 8 AB0@F52.  2>;L=>AB8 A:070; =5:B> 87 AB0@F52: 2>;L=>ABL ?>4>1=0 7=>9=><C 25B@C; >=0 3C18B ?;>4K <>=0E0. !<5E ;8H05B G5;>25:0 1;065=AB20, >15I0==>3> ?;0GCI8< (D. 5, 4), @07>@O5B 4>1@>5 CAB@>5=85 2=CB@5==55, >A:>@1;O5B CE0 !2OB>3>, 2@548B 4CH5, @0AB;5205B B5;>. !<5E 873>=O5B 4>1@>45B5;8, =5 8<55B ?0<OB>20=8O > A<5@B8, =8 ?><KH;5=8O > <CG5=8OE.  5309 2>;L=>AB8, :>B>@0O, ?> <>5<C @07C<5=8N, 5ABL =0G0;> 2A5E 7>;. A;8 BK =5 >1C7405HL 55, >=0 A45;05B B51O 15AABK4=K<. !2. 0220 >@>D59.  5@7>ABL 1K205B <=>3>>1@07=0: <>6=> 1KBL 45@7:8< 8 A;>2><, 8 42865=85<, 8 27>@><. B 45@7>AB8 8=>9 2?0405B 2 ?@074=>A;>285, 3>2>@8B <8@A:>5, 45;05B A<5H=>5 8 ?>1C6405B 4@C38E : =5?@8AB>9=><C A<5EC. 5@7>ABL 8 B>, :>340 :B> :>A=5BAO 4@C3>3> 157 =C64K, ?@>BO=5B @C:C =0 :>3> (A<5NI03>AO), B>;:=5B :>3>, 2K@25B GB> 87 @C: C =53>, 15AABK4=> A<>B@8B =0 :>3>  2A5 MB> 45;05B 45@7>ABL, 2A5 MB> ?@>8AE>48B >BB>3>, GB> 2 4CH5 =5B AB@0E0 >68O, 8 >B A53> G5;>25: ?@8E>48B <0;>-?><0;C 8 2 A>25@H5==CN =51@56=>ABL. >A5<C-B> >3, :>340 4020; 70?>2548 70:>=0, A:070;: 1;03>3>259=K A>B2>@8B5 AK=K 7@08;52K (52. 15, 31), 81> 157 1;03>3>25=8O 8 A:@><=>9 ABK4;82>AB8 (=5A<5;>AB8) G5;>25: =5 GB8B 8 !0<>3> >30 8 =5 E@0=8B =8 >4=>9 70?>2548. >B><C =5B =8G53> 2@54=55 45@7>AB8, ?>B><C-B> >=0 8 5ABL <0B5@L 2A5E AB@0AB59, GB> 873>=O5B 1;03>3>25=85, >B3>=O5B AB@0E >689 >B 4CH8 8 @>6405B =51@56=>ABL. !2. A00: !8@88.  B> ;N18B A<5E 8 ;N18B 2KAB02;OBL A51O =0?>:07 ;N4O<, B><C =5 1C4L 4@C3><, 8=0G5 >= =0CG8B B51O ?@82KG:5 ?@54020BLAO @0AA;01;5=8N. !2. =B>=89 5;8:89.  0: <>6=> 2>745@68209AO >B HCB>: 8 70102=KE @5G59.  5AB0 A<5EC =5 =0E>48; A2. =B>=89 2 687=8 8=>:0, 8 :>340 CG5=8:8 A?@>A8;8 53>: «>6=> ;8 =0< :>340-=81C4L A<5OBLAO?»  >B25B8;: «>A?>4L =0H >AC6405B A<5NI8EAO, :>340 3>2>@8B: 3>@5 20< A<5NI8<AO =K=5: O:> 2>7@K405B5 8 2>A?;0G5B5» (:. 6, 25). B0:, 25@=><C <>=0EC =5 4>;6=> A<5OBLAO ; =0< 4>;6=> ?;0:0BL > B5E, :>8<8 EC;8BAO 8<O >685, ?> B>9 ?@8G8=5, GB> >=8 ?@5ABC?0NB 70:>= 3>, 8 2AN 687=L A2>N 864820NB, ?>3@O70O 2 3@5E0E. C45< @K40BL 8 ?;0:0BL, =5?@5AB0==> C<>;OO >30, GB>1K = =5 ?>?CAB8; 8< >65AB5BL 2> 3@5E0E 8 A<5@BL =5 70AB0;0 8E ?@5645 ?>:0O=8O. ! ;065==K9 804>E.  !=K O2;ONI85AO 4CH5 ?> ;N128 >6859, ACBL =5>1<0=G82K5 C:070B5;8 74@028O 4CH52=>3>. =8 =5 87<5=ONBAO 87 >4=>3> >1@070 2 4@C3>9, =5 =02>4OB AB@0E0, =5 2>71C640NB A<5E0 8;8 2=570?=>3> >?5G0;5=8O, => ?@8ABC?0NB : 4CH5 A> 2A5N B8E>AB8N 8 ?@58A?>;=ONB 55 4CE>2=>3> @04>20=8O; ?>G5<C 4CH0 8 ?> ?@>1C645=88 B5;0 A> 2A5< 2>645;5=85< 8I5B MB>3> 8A?KB0==>3> 2> A=5 >1@07>20=8O. # 15A>2A:8E <5GB0=89 2A5 1K205B ?@>B82=> A5<C  =5 ?@51K20NB >=8 2 >4=>< 8 B>< 65 >1@075 8 2840 A2>53> =5 ?>:07K20NB 4>;3> =5A<OB5==K<, ?>B><C GB> B5<, G53> =5B 2 8E ?@>872>;5=88, => GB> 708<AB2CNB >=8 87 A2>59 B>;L:> ;682>AB8, 4>;3> 4>2>;LAB2>20BLAO >=8 =5 <>3CB. @8 MB>< >=8 <=>3> 3>2>@OB 8 >15I0NB 25;8:>3> 8 5I5 1>;LH5 C3@>70<8 AB@0I0NB, ?@8=8<0O =0 A51O =5@54:> 284 2>8=>2; 8=>340 ?@8?520NB 4CH5 8 GB>-=81C4L ;LAB82>5 A HC<=K< :@8:><. #<, :>340 G8AB 1K205B, A:>@> @0A?>7=05B 8E 8 8=>340 <KA;5==K< =0?@O65=85< ?@>1C6405B B5;>, 0 8=>340 >E>B=55 >AB05BAO 2 B>< 65 ?>;>65=88, @04COAL, GB> 2>7<>3 @0A?>7=0BL 8E ;C:02AB2>, 8 2 B>< 65 A=5 >1;8G0O 8E, 8 B5< ?>42830O 8E =0 25;8:89 ?@>B82 A51O 3=52. K205B, 2?@>G5<, GB> 8 4>1@K5 A=K =5 @04>ABL ?@8=>AOB 4CH5, 0 ?5G0;L =5:CN A;04>AB=CN 8 A;57C =51>;57=5==CN. -B> A;CG05BAO A B5<8, :>B>@K5 ?@5CA?5;8 C65 2 25;8:>< A<8@5==><C4@88. K 87;>68;8, :0: @07;8G0BL A=K E>@>H85 8 EC4K5, >A=>2K20OAL =0 B><, GB> A0<8 A;KH0;8 >B >?KB=KE AB0@F52. 0 4>2;55B, >4=0:> 6, =0< ?0G5 :0: 25;8:0O 4>1@>45B5;L B> ?@028;>, GB>1K >B=N4L =5 25@8BL =8:0:><C A>==><C <5GB0=8N. 1> A=K =081>;LH59 G0ABLN 1K20NB =8GB> 8=>5, :0: 84>;K ?><KA;>2, 83@0 2>>1@065=8O 8;8 15A>2A:85 =04 =0<8 =0@C30=8O 8 70102K. A;8, 45@60AL A53> ?@028;0, <K 8=>340 =5 ?@8<5< B0:>3> A=>2845=8O, :>B>@>5 ?>A;0=> 1C45B =0< >B >30, B> =5 ?@>3=5205BAO 70 MB> =0 =0A ;N125>18;L=K9 >A?>4L 8ACA, 2540O, GB> <K 45@705< =0 MB> 87 >?0A5=8O 15A>2A:8E :>7=59. 1>, E>BO ?@54@5G5==K9 A?>A>1 @07;8G5=8O A=>2 25@5=, A;CG05BAO, >4=0:>, GB> 4CH0 ?> =5:>5<C 2>AE8I5=8N 2@0685<C =5GC2AB28B5;L=> 8 =5?@>872>;L=> 1C4CG8 >A:25@=5=0, 157 G53>, :0: 4C<0N, =8:B> =5 >1E>48BAO, B5@O5B A;54 25@=>3> @07;8G5=8O 8 25@8B A=0< =54>1@K< :0: 4>1@K<. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  >340 4CH0 =0G=5B GC2AB2>20BL A51O 74@02>N, B>340 =0G=5B 8 A=>2845=8O 8<5BL G8ABK5 8 157<OB56=K5. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  7 B>3>, GB> ?@54AB02;O5BAO 2> 2@5<O A=0, 8=>5 5ABL <5GB0=85, 8=>5 2845=85, 8=>5 >B:@>25=85. 5GB0=8O 5ABL B0:85 A=>2845=8O, :>B>@K5 =5 AB>OB =587<5==K<8 2 2>>1@065=88 C<0; ?> :>B>@K< ?@54<5BK ?5@5<5H820NBAO, >4=8 2KB5A=ONB 4@C385 8;8 87<5=ONBAO 2 4@C385; >B =8E =8:0:>9 =5 1K205B ?>;L7K, 8 A0<>5 <5GB0=85 8E 8AG5705B 2<5AB5 A ?@>1C645=85<. E BI0B5;L=59H85 @52=8B5;8 ?@578@0BL 4>;6=K. 845=8O  B0:85 A=>2845=8O, :>B>@K5 2> 2A5 2@5<O AB>OB =587<5==K<8, =5 ?@5>1@07CNBAO 87 >4=>3> 2 4@C3>5 8 B0: =0?5G0B;520NBAO 2 C<5, GB> >AB0NBAO =0 <=>385 ;5B0 =570125==K<8: >=8 ?>:07K20NB A>1KB8O 1C4CI8E 25I59, 4>AB02;ONB 4CH5 ?>;L7C, ?@82>4O 55 2 C<8;5=85 ?@54AB02;5=85< AB@0H=KE 284>2, 8 284OI53> 53> 45;0NB A0<>C3;C1;5==K< 8 ?@8B@5?5B=K< >B =587<5==>3> A>75@F0=8O ?@54AB02;ONI8EAO AB@0H=KE 25I59; BI0B5;L=59H85 @52=8B5;8 4>;6=K AG8B0BL B0:85 2845=8O 4@03>F5==K<8. B:@>25=8O ACBL ACI85 2KH5 2AO:>3> GC2AB20 A>75@F0=8O G8AB59H59 8 ?@>A25I5==>9 4CH8, ?@54AB02;ONI85 482=K5 =5:85 >65AB25==K5 45;0 8 @07C<5=8O B09=>284AB20 A>:@>25==KE >688E B09=, A1KB85 =08206=59H8E 4;O =0A 25I59 8 >1I55 ?@5<5=5=85 <8@A:8E 8 G5;>25G5A:8E 45;. !22. 0@A>=>D89 8 >0==.  >G=K5 <5GB0=8O 8 >A:25@=5=8O 1K20NB B> >B ?@52>7=>H5=8O, B> >B ?@5AKI5=8O, B> >B 7028AB8 4802>;0.  ?>A;54=5< A;54C5B A:070BL, GB>, :>340 A =0H59 AB>@>=K =5 A>459AB2CNB 2@03C 2>7=>H5=85 8 ?@5AKI5=85, B> >= =5 <>65B G0AB> ?>2B>@OBL A53>. 0: AB@>OI89 4><, 5A;8 =5 =0945B ?>B@51=KE <0B5@80;>2, B@C48BAO =0?@0A=>: ?>4>1=> A5<C 8 4802>;. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  !>= 5ABL :0: 1K A60B85 5AB5AB20, >1@07 A<5@B8, 157459AB285 GC2AB2. !>= >48=, => <=>3> 8<55B =0G0;, :0: 8 2>645;5=85: B> 5ABL 1K205B ?> 5AB5AB25==><C B@51>20=8N, >B ?8I8, >B 45<>=>2, 8;8, <>65B 1KBL, 8=>340 8 >B :@09=5 CA8;5==>3> ?>AB0, >B :>B>@>3> ?;>BL, >A;0152, E>G5B C65 ?>4:@5?8BL A51O A=><.  0: >B ?@82KG:8 7028A8B <=>3> ?8BL, B0: >B ?@82KG:8 65  8 <=>3> A?0BL. >G5<C, >A>15==> 2 =0G0;5 ?>A;CH0=8O, 1C45< 1>@>BLAO A> A=><, ?>B><C GB> 4>;3>2@5<5==CN ?@82KG:C 8AF5;8BL B@C4=>. !+ @5?>4>1=K9 A00: !8@88.  =09, GB> 5A;8 >B B51O 2K945B >3>=L (A>1;07=0) 8 ?>665B 4@C38E, B> >3 >B @C:8 B2>59 27KI5B 4CH8, 653><K5 >3=5< B2>8<.  5A;8 =5 BK 225@305HL >3=L, => A>3;0H05HLAO A 225@30NI8< 8 CA;06405HLAO B5<, B> =0 AC45 1C45HL 2 G8A;5 A>>1I=8:>2 53>. @5?. D@5< !8@88.  %>G5HL 871560BL A>1;07=>2 8 ?5@5AC4>2? @8;>68 425@L : CAB0< A2>8< > >A?>45 8 >B2@0B8 A2>8 >G8 565 =5 2845B8 AC5BK (A. 118, 37) 8 871568HL B>3> 8 4@C3>3>: ?5@5AC4>2  <>;G0=85<, 0 A>1;07=>2  E@0=5=85< >G59. A;8 65 =5 ?@5?>1548< 2 A515 MB>, B> =8:C40 =5 ?>945<, 2 A515 A0<8E 1C45< =>A8BL 2@03>2 A2>8E. >1548 8E 8 1C45HL 8<5BL ?>:>9, 345 1K =8 68;. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  564C =5G8ABK<8 4CE0<8 5ABL B0:85, :>B>@K5 ;C:0255 4@C38E. =8 =5 4>2>;LAB2CNBAO B5<, GB>1K >4=8E 225AB8 2 3@5E, => A>25BCNB =0< 8 4@C38E 8<5BL A>>1I=8:0<8 7;0, GB>1K =02;5GL =0 =0A ;NB59H85 <C:8.  845; O G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9 ?5@540; 4@C3><C A2>N 3@5E>2=CN ?@82KG:C; ?>B>< 65, ?@8H54H8 2 GC2AB2>, =0G0; :0OBLAO 8 >BAB0; >B 3@5E0, => B0: :0: =0CG5==K9 8< =5 ?5@5AB020; 3@5H8BL, B> ?>:0O=85 53> 459AB28B5;L=> =5 1K;>. !2. >0== ;0B>CAB.  1) !>1;07=8B5;L 5ABL 25;8G09H89 2@03 >689. = ?>E8I05B C >30 3> 4>@>3>5 A>:@>28I5  ?>E8I05B 4CHC, :C?;5==CN 4>@>3>N F5=>N. >MB><C 8 A?@0254;82> A;>2> >685 =07K205B A>1;07=8B5;59 0=B8E@8AB0<8 (1 =. 2, 18). 2) !>1;07=8B5;L 5ABL 65AB>G09H89 2@03 1;86=53>. @8E>4OB 2 C60A >B ?>46830B5;59, 2>@>2, C189F, >B@028B5;59; => :0:>3> C60A0 4>AB>8= E@8AB80=8=, :>B>@K9 2AN4C @07=>A8B 70@07C 3@5E0, >B=8<05B C A2>8E 1@0BL52 1;03>40B=CN 687=L, ?@5405B 8E 2 @01AB2> 4802>;C, =8725@305B 2 04? 3) !>1;07=8B5;L 5ABL 2@03 A0<>3> A51O. = C25;8G8205B A2>N A>1AB25==CN 28=C. !>1;07=8B5;L 40AB >BG5B ?@54 >3>< =5 70 A51O B>;L:>, => 8 70 A>1;07=5==KE. «!>1;07=8B5;L 1C45B 242>9=5 =0:070=» (A2. >0== ;0B>CAB, 15A540 25, : 8<;.). >@5 G5;>25:C B><C, 8<65 A>1;07= ?@8E>48B (D. 18, 7).  03C1=>, 8AB8==> ?03C1=> >1@0I5=85 A ?>@>G=K<8 ;N4L<8. 5 B0: A:>@> ?@8AB05B 70@070 8 ?@>:070 3C18B ?>425@3H53>AO MB>9 1>;57=8, :0: 7;K5 =@02K ;N459 ?>@>G=KE. ";OB >1KG08 1;038 15A54K 7;K (1 >@. 15, 33). !2B. "8E>= 04>=A:89.  !>1;07= B> 65, GB> <>@>20O O720. /720 <>@>20O 70@0605B 8 C<5@I2;O5B B5;>, 0 A>1;07= 70@0605B 8 C<5@I2;O5B 4CHC G5;>25G5A:CN.  5;8: 3@5E A>1;07=0! 5;8: MB>B 3@5E ?>B><C, GB>: 1) A>1;07=8B5;L =5?@5<5==> ?@5?OBAB2C5B %@8ABC 2 CAB@>5=88 < =0H53> A?0A5=8O; %@8AB>A E>G5B 2A5< A?0A5=8O, 0 BK =0 3@5E =02>48HL. "K ?>MB><C 2@03 %@8ABC 8 4@C3 8 A>>1I=8: 4802>;C, 81> A;C60 4;O 1@0B88 A>1;07=><, BK B2>@8HL G@57 MB> 45;> 4802>;LA:>5. 5@2K9 A>1;07=8B5;L =0 3@5E  4802>;. 2) B> A;C68B 4;O 4@C38E A>1;07=><, B>B 3C18B A8E ;N459, 8 ?>B><C >=  7;>459, 2@03, C189F0 8  EC65 C189FK, 81> =5 B5;>, 0 4CHC A2>8E 1@0B88 C18205B. 3) AO:89 3@5E <>6=> A:>;L:>-=81C4L 703;048BL ?>:0O=85<, 0 ?@>872>48<>3> A>1;07=0, 1>;LH5N G0ABLN, =5;L7O.  @0240, B@C4=> 68BL A@548 A>1;07=>2, => 70B> <=>3>F5==> 2 >G0E >688E 2KAB0820BL A@548 =8E. !>1;07=ONI8<AO  :>=5G=>, 3>@5, 0 A>1;07=8B5;O< 8 B>3> 3>@55 (EC65) ;N48B5 65, 1@0B8O, :0:> >?0A=> E>48B5 (D. 5,15). >@5 20< (E@8AB80=0<), ?>B><C GB> 20A @048 ?@8A=> 8<O >5 EC;8BAO 2> O7KF5E (A. 52, 5). !", @5?>4>1=K9 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  5G0;L 70284CNI53> B@C4=> >AB0=>28BL. 1> >= ?>G8B05B 4;O A51O =5AG0ABL5< B>, G5<C 70284C5B 2 B515.  =5 8=0G5 <>6=> CA?>:>8BL 53>, @0725 A:@K20O B> >B =53>. A;8 65 B> 4;O <=>38E ?>;57=>, 0 5<C ?5G0;L ?@8G8=O5B, B> :>B>@CN ?@5=51@5GL AB>@>=C? 04>1=> AB0BL =0 AB>@>=5 ?>;57=>3> 4;O <=>38E; =>, ?> 2>7<>6=>AB8, =5 ?@5=51@5GL 8 > =5< 8 =5 4020BL A515 C2;5:0BLAO :>20@AB2>< AB@0AB8, ?>4020O ?><>IL =5 AB@0AB8, 0 AB@064CI5<C >B >=>9; => ?> A<8@5==><C4@8N ?>G8B0BL 53> ?@52>AE>4OI8< B51O 8 4020BL 5<C ?@54?>GB5=85 =04 A>1>N 2> 2AO:>5 2@5<O, 2>2AO:>< <5AB5 8 2> 2AO:>< 45;5.  A2>N 7028ABL >AB0=>28BL <>65HL, 5A;8 AB0=5HL A>@04>20BLAO @04>AB8 B>3>, :><C 70284C5HL, 8 2<5AB5 A =8< ?5G0;8BLAO > B><, > G5< >= ?5G0;8BAO, 8A?>;=OO 70?>254L 0?>AB>;0: @04>20B8AO A @04CNI8<8AO 8 ?;0:0B8 A ?;0GCI8<8 ( 8<. 12, 15). ', (#+) ;065==K9 804>E.  >340 4CH0 =0G=5B =5 ?>E>B520BL ?@5:@0A=KE 75<=KE 25I59, B>340 ?@>:@04K205BAO 2 =55, 1>;LH59 G0ABLN, =5:89 C=K2=K9 4CE, :>B>@K9  =8 >E>B=> ?>B@C48BLAO 2 A;C65=88 A;>20 =5 4>?CA:05B 55, =8 B25@4>3> 65;0=8O 1C4CI8E 1;03 =5 >AB02;O5B 2 =59; 5I5 65 8 MBC ?@82@5<5==CN 687=L ?@54AB02;O5B :@09=5 =5?>B@51=>N, :0: =5 8<5NICN 4>AB>9=KE 45; 4>1@>45B5;8, 8 A0<>5 2545=85 C=8G8605B :0: 40@>20==>5 8 4@C38< <=>38< 8;8 =8G53> >A>15==>3> =0< =5 2>725I0NI55. !59 B5?;>E;04=>8 8 @07;5=ONI59 AB@0AB8 <K 871568<, 5A;8 2 :@09=5 B5A=K5 2AB028< ?@545;K =0HC <KA;L, 45@60 2> 2=8<0=88 >4=C ?0<OBL >68N; 81> B>;L:> B0:8< >1@07>< 4CE, 2>AB5:H8 2 A2>9AB25==>5 5<C 3>@5=85, <>65B >B3=0BL >B A51O =5@07C<=>5 >=>5 @07;5=5=85. @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.  BG0OBLAO 154AB25==55, G5< A>3@5H0BL. C40-?@540B5;L 1K; <0;>4CH5= 8 =5 8A:CA5= 2 1@0=8, ?>G5<C 2?0; 2 >BG0O=85; 8 2@03, =015602, =01@>A8; =0 =53> ?5B;N. 5B@ 65  A59 :0<5=L B25@4K9, ?>425@3H8AL AB@0H=><C ?045=8N, :0: 8A:CA=K9 2 1@0=8, =5 C?0; 4CE>< 8 =5 >BG0O;AO 2 :@09=59 A:>@18 A2>59, =>, 2A:>G82, 87;8; 3>@G09H85 A;57K >B A5@4F0 A>:@CH5==>3> 8 A<8@5==>3>; 8 AC?>AB0B =0H, 284O A85, :0: A8;L=59H8< ?;0<5=5< ?0;8<K9 2 ;8F>, B>BG0A >BA:>G8; 8 C1560; 40;5:>, ;NBK5 8A?CA:0O 2>?;8. 220 $0;0AA89.  5G0;8BAO =5?>E20;L=>N ?5G0;LN =5 C;CG82H89 ?;>BA:8E CB5E; ?@57@52H89 65 8E 15A?5G0;5= ?@51K205B. ;8O :48:.  5 1K205B 157 ?5G0;8 =8 3@5H=K9 =8 ?@0254=K9; => ?5@2K9 ?5G0;8BAO > B><, GB> 5I5 =5 A>2A5< >BAB0; >B 3@5E0, 0 2B>@>9 > B><, GB> 5I5 =5 >2;045; 2A5< 4>1@><.  5 ?0409 4CE><, 278@0O =0 B@C4=>ABL 4CH52=>9 1>;57=8 A2>59; => C?>B@51;OO 459AB25==59H85 ?@>B82 =55 2@0G52AB20 ?@5B@C4=KE ?>4283>2, C40;O9 A51O >B =55, 5A;8 8A:@5==55 8<55HL ?>?5G5=85 > 74@0288 4CH8 A2>59. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  5 B>;L:> 157<>;2=8: 8;8 ?>A;CH=8:, => 8 83C<5=, =0AB>OB5;L =04 <=>38<8, 8 >=, 2A5 CAB@>OO, 4>;65= 1KBL 15A?5G0;5=, B> 5ABL A2>1>45= >B ?5G0;L=>9 701>BK > 68B59A:8E ?>B@51=>ABOE. 1> 5A;8 ?5G5<AO, B> >:07K205<AO ?@5ABC?=8:0<8 70?>2548 >6859: =5 ?5FKB5AO 4CH5N 20H5N, GB> OAB5, 8;8 GB> ?85B5: =8 B5;>< =0H8<, 2> GB> >1;5G5B5AO... 2A5E 1> A8E O7KFK 8ICB (D. 6, 25, 32). @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  ?5G0;5==K9 <>=0E =5 7=05B 4CE>2=>3> =0A;0645=8O. 5G0;L 65 5ABL C=K;>ABL 4CH8 8 1K205B A;54AB285< 3=52=KE ?><KA;>2; 81> 3=52 65;05B >B<I5=8O; =5CA?5E 2 >B<I5=88 ?>@>6405B ?5G0;L.  ?5G0;5==K9 <>=0E =5 ?>4283=5B C< : A>75@F0=8N 8 =8:>340 =5 2>AH;5B G8AB>9 <>;8B2K, 81> ?5G0;L 2A5<C 4>1@><C ?>;0305B ?@5?>=C. ?5G0;5==K9 =5 7=05B 4CE>2=>9 @04>AB8, :0: AB@064CI89 A8;L=>N 3>@OG:>N, 2:CA0 2 <54C.  5G0;L ?> >3C A;570<8 >1=>2;O5B 4CHC, 2A5;O5B 701>B;82>5 ?>?5G5=85 > ?@81;860NI59AO A<5@B8 8 AC45 8 <0;>-?><0;C =0CG05B >6840BL 8E A 65;0=85<.  5G0;L 1K205B 1>;57=LN 4CH8 8 B5;0; 4CHC 15@5B >=0 ?;5==8F5N, 0 ?;>BL 8AACH05B, >AB02;OO =0 <5AB5.  5G0;L @>6405BAO >B B>3>, GB> ?@>B82=> (154K, A:>@18, >3>@G5=8O); >B ?5G0;8 65 ?@>8AE>48B <@0G=>5 @0A?>;>65=85 4CE0 (>= =5 2 4CE5), 0 >B =8E >1>8E ?>@>6405BAO 15AA<KA;5==0O 1@0=G82>ABL (2>@G0=85 =0 2A5).  A;8 E>G5HL ?>4028BL ?5G0;L A <@0G=K< @0A?>;>65=85< 4CE0, B> >1K<8 1;03>4CH=CN ;N1>2L 8 >1;5:8AL 2 @04>ABL =57;>182CN.   A:>@1OE =08?0G5 1C4L 1;03>40@5=, ?>B><C GB> G@57 =8E OA=55 >ICI05BAO 1;03>40BL 70ABC?;5=8O. "0:, 1;03>40@5=85< ?@>3>=OO ?5G0;L (>B ?>AB830NI8E A:>@159), =5 ><@0G8HL BK 1;8AB0B5;L=>9 :@0A>BK <C65AB25==>3> 1;03>4CH8O.  #=K=85 5ABL 87=5<>65=85 4CH8; 0 4CH0 2 87=5<>65=88 =5 8<5O B>3>, GB> 59 A2>9AB25==> ?> 5AB5AB2C, =5 CAB08205B <C65AB25==> ?@>B82 8A:CH5=89.  > 2AO:>< 45;5 >?@545;8 A515 <5@C 8 =5 >AB02;O9 53> ?@5645, G5< :>=G8HL; B0:65  <>;8AL @07C<=> 8 CA8;5==> 8 4CE C=K=8O 1568B >B B51O.  0B5@LN 7>; ?>G8B09 ;5=>ABL, ?>B><C GB> >=0 1;030, :0:85 8<55HL, @0AE8I05B, 0 :0:8E =5 8<55HL ?@8>1@5AB8 =5 4>?CA:05B. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  ABL >BG0O=85 >B <=>65AB20 3@5E>2 8 BO3>BK A>25AB8; 8 5ABL >BG0O=85 >B 3>@4>AB8 8 2>7=>H5=8O, :>340 2?04H85 2 3@5E8 4C<0NB, GB> >=8 =5 1K;8 4>AB>9=K (>AB02;5=8O 4>) ?045=8O: >B ?5@2>3> 8AF5;O5B 2>745@60=85 >B 3@5E>2 8 =045640 1;030O, 0 >B ?>A;54=53>  A<8@5=85 8 =8:>3>=5>AC645=85.  % +!+ @5?>4>1=K9 0:A8< A?>254=8:.  =K5 AB@0AB8 ?@8=04;560B : @074@068B5;L=>9 A8;5 4CH8, 0 8=K5 : 2>645;520B5;L=>9. "5 8 4@C385 2>71C640NBAO GC2AB20<8; 2>71C640NBAO 65 B>340, :>340 4CH0 =0E>48BAO 2=5 ;N128 8 2>745@60=8O. "@C4=55 ?@5>4>;520BL AB@0AB8 @074@068B5;L=>9 A8;K 4CH8, =565;8 2>645;520B5;L=>9; ?>B><C-B> ?@>B82 =8E >B >A?>40 8 2@0G52AB2> 40=> A8;L=59H55  70?>254L > ;N128. '0AB>5 2>71C645=85 2>645;520B5;L=>9 A8;K 4CH8 2;0305B 2 4CHC =5?@5>4>;8<CN ?@82KG:C : 45;0< A;0AB>;N182K<, 0 G0AB>5 2>7<CI5=85 @074@068B5;L=>AB8 45;05B C< @>1:8< 8 ;8H05B <C65AB20. 5@2CN 8AF5;O5B ?@>4>;68B5;L=K9 ?>4283 ?>AB0, 145=8O 8 <>;8B2K; 2B>@CN  1;03>ABK=O, G5;>25:>;N185, ;N1>2L 8 <8;>A5@485. A5 AB@0AB=K5 ?><KA;K 8;8 2>71C640NB 2>645;520B5;L=CN A8;C 4CH8, 8;8 2>7<CI0NB @074@068B5;L=CN, 8;8 ><@0G0NB <KA;8B5;L=CN, >BG53> A;CG05BAO, GB> C< A;5? 1K205B 4;O 4CE>2=>3> A>75@F0=8O 8 <>;8B25==>3> 2>AE>645=8O. 57<>;2AB2CNI89 4>;65= BI0B5;L=> 2=8<0BL ?><KA;0< 8 ?@8G8=K 8E ?>7=020BL 8 >BA5:0BL. >7=020BL 65 B0:8< >1@07><: 2>645;520B5;L=CN A8;C 4CH8 2>71C640NB AB@0AB=K5 2>A?><8=0=8O > 65=I8=0E, 0 8E ?@8G8=>N 1K205B =52>745@6=>ABL 2 ?8I5 8 ?8B88 8 G0AB>5 =5@07C<=>5 >1@0I5=85 A 65=I8=0<8. BA5:0NB 65 8E 3;04, 60640, 145=85 8 C548=5=85. 074@068B5;L=CN A8;C 2>7<CI0NB AB@0AB=K5 2>A?><8=0=8O > ;N4OE, =0A >3>@G82H8E; ?@8G8=>N A53> A;C60B A;0AB>;N185, BI5A;0285 8 ;N1>25I=>ABL, 87-70 :>8E >3>@G05BAO AB@0AB=K9  8;8 GB> 8E ;8H8;AO, 8;8 GB> =5 ?>;CG8;. BA5:05B 8E =8 2> GB> 2<5=5=85 8 C=8G865=85 A8E 25I59 87 ;N128 : >3C. @5?. @83>@89 !8=08B.   <KA;5==>9 A8;5 4CH8 @>640NBAO 8 459AB2CNB ?><KA;K; 2 @074@068B5;L=>9  725@A:85 AB@0AB8; 2 2>645;520B5;L=>9  A:>BA:85 ?>E>B8; 2 C<5  <5GB0B5;L=K5 2>>1@065=8O, 2 @0AAC4:5  <=5=8O. @5??. 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.  BFK A:070;8: @074@068B5;L=CN G0ABL 4CH8 >1C7409 ;N1>2LN; 65;0B5;L=CN  2>745@60=85< C2O4L; @07C<=CN  <>;8B2>N >:@K;8.  A25B C<0 =8:>340 =5 ?><@0G8BAO 2 B515. =52C C740  1;03>2@5<5==>5 <>;G0=85; ?>65;0=8O< =5@07C<=K<  C<5@5==0O 540; =5C45@68<>AB8 ?><KA;>2  548=><KA;5==0O <>;8B20. ( '#!" ;065==K9 804>E.  'B> 7@5=85 8 2:CA, 8 ?@>G85 GC2AB20 @0AA5820NB ?0<OBL A5@4F0, :>340 ?>;L7C5<AO 8<8 157 <5@K, >1 MB>< ?5@20O 2>725I05B =0< 20. 1>, ?>:0 =5 273;O=C;0 >=0 =0 70?>2540==>5 4@52> A;0AB>;N1=>, 4>B>;5 BI0B5;L=> ?><=8;0 70?>254L >68N; G53> @048, :0: 1K ?>:@K205<0O :@K;0<8 ;N128 >6859, =5 2540;0 >=0 8 =03>BK A2>59. >340 65 2>77@5;0 =0 4@52> A;0AB>;N1=>, :>A=C;0AL 53> A 25;8:8< ?>E>B5=85< 8 =0:>=5F 2:CA8;0 >B ?;>40 53> A =5C45@68<K< 2>645;5=85<, B>BG0A 2>A?@8O;0 A:;>==>ABL : ?;>BA:><C A0<>CA;0645=8N; 8, :0: >1=065==0O, A>G5B02H8AL A A5N AB@0AB8N, 2A5 A2>5 2>645;5=85 ?@540;0 27KA:0=8N 2:CH5=8O =0AB>OI8E CB5E, ?@8<5A82H8 ?> 459AB28N 2848<>9 ?@82;5:0B5;L=>AB8 ?;>40 : A2>5<C ?045=8N 8 ?045=85 40<0, 2A;54AB285 G53> C<C G5;>25G5A:><C AB0;> 70B@C4=8B5;L=> ?0<OB>20BL > >35 8;8 > 70?>254OE 3>. K 65, 2A5340 A =5?@5AB0==>N ?0<OBLN > >35, 278@0O 2> 3;C18=C A5@4F0 A2>53>, 1C45< ?@>2>48BL A8N ?04:CN =0 ?@5;5AB8 687=L :0: A;5?K5 >G0<8; 81> 2>8AB8=C 4CE>2=><C ;N1><C4@8N =5 @0AA5O==K< A2>9AB25==> A>E@0=OBL =5 ?0@8B5;L=K< (=5 @0AA5O=K<) ?@8ACI89 2 =0A ?>7K2 2845BL :@0A=>5, 565 2845B8. -B><C 8 <=>3>>?KB=59H89 >2 =0CG05B =0A, 3>2>@O: 0I5 8 2A;54 >:0 <>53> 845 A5@4F5 <>5 (>2. 31, 7). "0:65, 459AB2>20=85 5ABL 25@=K9 ?@87=0: :@09=53> 2>745@60=8O. (!>A@54>B>G8BL 2A5 4CE>2=K5 A8;K: C<, GC2AB2>, 2>;N  2 >35 548=><.) @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.  'B>1K =5 ?0@8BL =0< 8 =5 @0AA5820BLAO, ?@5;LI0OAL AC5B=>ABLN, E>@>H> 2=8<0BL ?@>@>:C, :>B>@K9 3>2>@8B: 48B5, ;N485 <>8, 2=848B5 2> E@0<8=C 20HC,  2 E@0<8=C A5@4F0 20H53>, A>:@KBCN >B 2AO:>3> GC2AB25==>3> 2?5G0B;5=8O, 2 >=>5 >18B0;8I5 157>1@07=>5, >A5O205<>5 15AAB@0AB85< 8 >A5=5=85< A2. 1;03>40B8,  70B2>@8B5 425@8 A2>O >B 2A53> 2848<>3>, C:@>9B5AO <0;> 5;8:>, 81> 8 2AO 687=L G5;>25G5A:0O <0;0, 8 ?>A;5 A53> ?@8;0305B: 4>=4568 <8<>845B 3=52 >A?>45=L (A.26, 20). 1> 8 15770:>=85, 0 A;54>20B5;L=> 8 15AK, 8 AB@0AB8, 8 3@5E8 ACBL 3=52 >689, :0: 3>2>@8B >3C A08O: A5, "K @073=520;AO 5A8, 8 <K A>3@5H8E>< (A. 64, 5). !#" @5?>4>1=K9 =B>=89 5;8:89.  A;8 ;N18HL ?>:>9=CN 687=L, =5 2E>48 2 :@C3 B5E, C :>8E 2AO 701>B0 > AC5B=>ABOE, 8 5A;8 A;CG09=> ?>?045HL 2 A@54C 8E, 1C4L B0:>2, :0: 1K B51O B0< =5 1K;>. @5?>4>1=K9 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  N1OI5<C AC5B=CN A;02C 8;8 ?@82O70==><C : G5<C-;81> 25I5AB25==><C, A2>9AB25==> 4>A04>20BL =0 ;N459 70 2@5<5==>5 8;8 7;>?0<OBAB2>20BL =0 =8E, 8;8 =5=028ABL 8<5BL : =8<, 8;8 @01AB2>20BL A@0<=K< ?><KA;0<. >3>;N182>9 65 4CH5 2A5 A85 GC64>. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  A;8 =5 8<55HL 45;, =5 3>2>@8 > 4>1@>45B5;OE.  #,/ @5?>4>1=K9 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  =>3> 4@C759, => 2> 2@5<O 1;03>45=AB28O, 2> 2@5<O 65 8A:CH5=89 5420 =0945HL 8 >4=>3>.  AO:>3> G5;>25:0 >B 4CH8 ;N18BL 4>;6=>, C?>20=85 65 2>7;030BL =0 >4=>3> >30 8 <C 48=><C A;C68BL 2A5N :@5?>AB8N. 1> ?>:0 = E@0=8B =0A, B> 8 4@C7LO 2A5 =0< 1;03>?@8OBAB2CNB, 8 2@038 2A5 A45;0BL =0< 7;> =5 A8;L=K.  :>340 = =0A >AB028B, B> 8 4@C7LO 2A5 >B =0A >B2@0I0NBAO, 8 2@038 2A5 15@CB A8;C =04 =0<8. @C30 %@8AB>2K 2A5E ;N1OB 8A:@5==>, => =5 2A5<8 1K20NB ;N18<K. @C7LO 65 <8@A:85 8 =5 2A5E ;N1OB, 8 =5 2A5<8 ;N18<K 1K20NB. @C30 %@8AB>2K 4> :>=F0 A>E@0=ONB A>N7 ;N128, 0 4@C7LO <8@A:85  ?>:0 =5 2AB@5B8BAO C =8E 4@C3 A 4@C3>< AB>;:=>25=85 70 GB>-;81> <8@A:>5. 7 68B8O ?@5?. =B>=8O 5;8:>3>.  4=064K 5@5B8:8-0@80=5, =5G5AB82> CG82H85 > !K=5 >685<, @0A?@>AB@0=8;8 <>;2C, 1C4B> 2A5<8 C20605<K9 ?>4286=8: 8 ?CABK==8: =B>=89 5;8:89 2ABC?8; A =8<8 2 4@C65AB25==K5 >B=>H5=8O. #482;5==K9 8E 45@7:>N ;>6LN, A2. =B>=89 2>A?K;0; ?@0254=K< 3=52><, 8 =5<54;5==> ?>H5; 2 ;5:A0=4@8N. "0< ?@54 5?8A:>?>< 8 2A5< =0@>4>< ?@540; 8E ?@>:;OB8N, =07K20O ?@54B5G5N 0=B8E@8AB0. 7 A>25B>2 CG8B5;59 &5@:28.   =0AB>OI55 2@5<O AB0;8 25AL<0 @54:8 ?@8<5@K 4@C61K 8AB8==>9, 0 =5 ?@87@0G=>9, GB> 45@68BAO 4> ?5@2>9 ;8HL @07<>;2:8. BG53> MB>? 5 >BG53> 8=>3>, :0: >B C?04:0 2 =0A 25@K 8 1;03>G5AB8O. @C610 5ABL 2KAH0O AB5?5=L ;N128. 'B> 65 C4828B5;L=>3>, 5A;8 =K=5 =5 2848< 4@C61K, :>340 A@548 =0A 8 >1KG=0O-B> ;N1>2L, >B %@8AB0 70?>2540==0O, ?>GB8 >BACBAB2C5B! @0240, <=>385 =K=5 7>2CBAO 4@C7LO<8, => MB> 8;8 70AB>;L=K5 4@C7LO, :>B>@K5 4@C60B A B>1>N, ?>:0 B515 AG0AB;828BAO, 0 ?045HL 8;8 65 ?@845HL 2 =5AG0AB85  >=8 65 ?@>B82 B51O, 8 A?5H0B A:@KBLAO >B ;8F0 B2>53> (!8@. 6,10), 8;8 4@C7LO B>;L:> =0 EC4>5, :>B>@K5 A:>@55 2@038, G5< 4@C7LO. > 5A;8 8AB8==>3> 4@C30 B0: B@C4=> =09B8, B> :0: 65 =04> 4>@>68BL 4@C3><, 5A;8 B0:>9 5ABL C :>3>! 5 >AB02;O9 AB0@>3> 4@C30, 3>2>@8B ?@5<C4@K9 !8@0E (!8@. 9,12). 5@=K9 4@C3  :@5?:0O 70I8B0: :B> =0H5; 53>, =0H5; A>:@>28I5 (!8@. 6. 14). ABL ;8 C :>3> 4@C7LO ?> A5@4FC 8;8 =5B, 1C45< ?><=8BL, GB> C :064>3> 87 =0A 5ABL @C3 =0 =515,  @C3 548=AB25==K9, =5A@02=5==K9 8 =587<5==K9, >A?>4L 8ACA %@8AB>A. K 4@C78 >8 5AB5,  3>2>@8B =,  0I5 B2>@8B5, 5;8:0 7 70?>2540N 20< (=. 15, 14). >B 8 C:070=85 2A5< =0<, A :5< <>6=> 8 A :5< =5;L7O 702>48BL 4@C61C @C68AL ;8HL A B5<, :B> 3>B>2 2<5AB5 A B>1>9 1;03>C3>640BL >A?>4C 8ACAC 8A?>;=5=85< 3> A2OBKE 70?>25459. !"  &#  @5?>4>1=K9 $5>3=>AB.  5B C 4@C3>3> AB>;L 25;8:>3> ?>42830, :0: ?>4283 F5;><C4@8O 8 452AB25==>AB8. '5AB=> E@0=OI89 1571@0G85 A>AB02;O5B ?@54<5B C482;5=8O 4;O =35;>2 8 C25=G0205BAO =5 <5=55 <CG5=8:>2. 1> >B B>3>, :B>, 1C4CG8 A2O70= ?;>BLN 8 :@>2LN, 2A5340 AB0@05BAO ?>4@060BL 15725I5AB25==>AB8 15A?;>B=KE ?>A@54AB2>< G8AB>BK, A:>;L:> B@51C5BAO B@C4>2 8 ?>AB>2?! , 2>8AB8=C, AB>;L 25;8:> 8 2KA>:> MB> 45;>, GB> 1K;> 1K =52>7<>6=K<, :0: 2KH55AB5AB25==>5, 5A;8 1K >3 A2KH5 =5 O2;O; !2>53> 70ABC?;5=8O, C:@5?;OO 8 CB25@640O =5<>I=>5 8 1@5==>5 5AB5AB2> 8 =5:88< >1@07>< >B 75<;8 2>AAB02;OO 53> >65AB25==>9 ;N1>2LN 8 C?>20=85< >15B>20==KE 2>740O=89. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  5 3>2>@8 2 A5@4F5 A2>5<: =5 2>7<>6=> <=5 A=>20 ABO60BL G8AB>BC 452AB20, ?>A;5 B>3> :0: O AB>;L:> @07 @0AB;520; A51O 8 ?>4?040; =58AB>2AB2C B5;0. 1>, 345 ?@8;>65=K 1C4CB 1>;57=8 8 B@C4K ?>:0O=8O A> 7;>AB@040=85< 8 B5?;>B>N 4CH52=>N 8 8AB>G0NBAO @5:8 A;57 C<8;5=8O, B0< 2A5 B25@4K=8 3@5E0 @07@CH0NBAO, 2AO:89 >3=L AB@0AB59 C30A05B, 8 A>25@H05BAO 8=>5, A2KH5, @>645=85 =08B85< CE0 #B5H8B5;O,  8 4CH0 >?OBL A>45;K205BAO ?0;0B>N G8AB>BK 8 452AB20, 2 :>B>@CN ?@55AB5AB25==K9 >3, =8AH54H8 2> A25B5 8 @04>20=88 =587@5G5==>< 8, :0: =0 ?@5AB>;5 A;02K, 2>AA54H8 =0 2KA>B5 C<0 55, 405B <8@ ACI8< 2 =59 A8;0<, B0: 3>2>@O: «8@ 20< >B 1>@NI8E 20A AB@0AB59; <8@ >9 40N 20< 4;O 5AB5AB25==>3> 20< 459AB2>20=8O; <8@ >9 >AB02;ON 20< 4;O 4>AB865=8O ?@55AB5AB25==>3> A>25@H5=AB20». AF5;82 B0:8< >1@07>< B@>9AB25==>ABLN 40@>20=8O <8@0 B@8G0AB=>ABL 4CH8 8 : B@>8G=><C 2>7254H8 55 A>25@H5=AB2C, 8 A !0<8< !>1>N A>548=82H8, 2AN 55 C65 45;05B >3 452AB25==>N, 2AN 4>1@>N, 2AN ?@5:@0A=>N, =0<0AB82 55 1;03>CE0=85< <8@0 G8AB>BK, 8 3>2>@8B 59: «>7AB0=8, ?@8848, 1;86=OO >O, 4>1@0O >O, 3>;C18F5 >O, 2 45OB5;L=>< ;N1><C4@88; O:> A5, 78<0 AB@0AB59 ?@5945, 4>64L A;0AB>;N182KE ?><KA;>2 >BJ845, F25B8 4>1@>45B5;59 A 1;03>CE0=85< ?><KH;5=89 O28H0AO =0 75<;8 A5@4F0 B2>53>» (5A=. 2, 10-14).  > CG5=8N A;>20 >68O, 452AB2> 3>@074> ?@52>AE>4=55 AC?@C65AB20, 5A;8 >=> A>E@0=O5BAO 2 G8AB>B5. >B B0 2KA>:0O =03@040, C3>B>20==0O 452AB2C >B >30, ?> A;>20< B09=>284F0 >0==0 >3>A;>20: 8 2845E, 8 A5, 3=5F AB>OH5 =0 3>@5 !8>=AB59, 8 A =8< AB> 8 G5BK@545AOBL 8 G5BK@5 BKAOIK, 8<CI5 8<O BF0 3> =0?8A0=> =0 G5;5E A2>8E. = A;KH0; 8E ?>NI8E... ?5A=L =>2C ?@54 ?@5AB>;>< >688<... 8 =8:B>65 <>60H5 =02K:=CB8 ?5A=8, B>:<> A88. B> 65 MB>?  A?@>A8B5 2K.  = >B25G05B; A88 ACBL, 865 A 65=0<8 =5 >A:25@=8H0AO, 70=5 452AB25==8FK ACBL: A88 ?>A;54CNB 3=FC, 0<>65 8ACA ?>945B. !88 ACBL :C?;5=8 >B ;N459, ?5@25=FK >3C 8 3=FC (?>:. 14, 1 4). > >A?>4L !0< ?@5420@8; =0A, GB> =5 2A5 A?>A>1=K 452AB2>20BL: =5 2A8 2<5I0NB A;>25A5 A53>, => 8<65 40=> 5ABL (D. 19,11). = !0< ?@87K20; : ?>4283C 452AB20 =5 2A5E, => B>;L:> B5E, :>B>@K5 A?>A>1=K, :>B>@K< 40=> MB> 40@>20=85: <>389 2<5AB8B8 40 2<5AB8B (D. 19, 12).  52AB2> 8 1@0: =5 4;O 2A5E; => F5;><C4@85 (B> 5ABL G8AB>B0 =@02>2, 1;03>G5AB85) 4;O 2A5E. /28AO 1> 1;03>40BL >68O, A?0A8B5;L=0O 2A5< G5;>25:><, 40, >B25@3H5AO =5G5AB8O 8 <8@A:8E ?>E>B59, F5;><C4@5==>, ?@0254=> 8 1;03>G5AB=> ?>6825< 2 =K=5H=5< 25F5.  'B> 7=0G8B «F5;><C4@5==>»?  ;8 2 G8AB>B5 452AB20, 8;8 2 G5AB=>AB8 1@0:0, 2 B>< 8 4@C3>< A;CG05, A >B25@65=85< <8@A:8E ?>E>B59, 8 2 >A>15==>AB8 ?;>BA:8E ?>E>B59, O65 2>NNB =0 4CHC (1 5B@. 2,11). ">;L:> B0: 682CI85 2 =K=5H=5< 25:5 <>3CB >6840BL 1;065==>3> C?>20=8O 2 1C4CI5< ("8B. 2, 13). !+ ;8O :48:.  # @0AH8@ONI53> ?CBL A2>9 A;57K 8AAO:0NB, 0 C 2>7;N182H53> ?CBL B5A=K9 >=8 1LNB 1>;LH8< :;NG><. !2. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  @5645 ?;0G0 8 A;57 =8:B> 40 =5 ?@5;LI05B =0A ?CABK<8 A;>20<8, 8 A0<8 A51O 40 =5 ?@5;LI05<,  =5B 2 =0A ?>:0O=8O, =8 8AB8==>3> =0<5@5=8O ?5@5<5=8BLAO, =8 AB@0E0 >68O 2 A5@4F0E =0H8E; =5 A>7=0;8 <K 5I5 A51O 28=>2=K<8 8 =5 >AC48;8, 8 4CH0 =0H0 =5 1K;0 5I5 2 GC2AB25 1C4CI53> AC40 8 25G=KE <C:. 1>, 5A;8 1K <K >AC48;8 A51O, 5A;8 1K 2>7K<5;8 B0:85 42865=8O A5@4F0, 5A;8 1K 1K;8 2 B0:8E GC2AB20E, B> B>BG0A 8725;8 1K 8 A;57K. 57 MB>3> 65 =8 65AB>:>A5@485 =0H5 =8:0: =5 <>65B A<O3G8BLAO, =8 4CH0 =0H0 ABO60BL 4CE>2=>5 A<8@5=85, =8 <K =5 2 A8;0E A45;0BLAO A<8@5==K<8.  :B> =5 B0:>2, B>B =5 <>65B A>548=8BLAO A CE>< !2OBK<. 5 A>548=82H89AO 65 A 8<, G5@57 >G8I5=85 A51O >B 2A53> AB@0AB=>3>, A?>4>18BLAO A>75@F0=8O >30 8 1>3>2545=8O =5 <>65B 8 =5 4>AB>8= 1KBL A>:@>25==> =0CG05<K< 4>1@>45B5;O< A<8@5=8O.  !=0G0;0 >B ?;0G0 ?> >3C 1K205B A<8@5=85: >B =53> ?@8E>4OB ?>B>< @04>ABL 8 25A5;85 =587@5G5==K5; >:@5AB 65 A<8@5=8O ?> >3C 2K@0AB05B =045640 A?0A5=8O. 1>, :B> 3@5H=59H8< 2A5E ;N459 AG8B05B A51O >B 2A59 4CH8, B5< 1>;55 2<5AB5 A> A<8@5=85< @07@0AB05BAO 2 =5< =045640, F25B5B 2=CB@L A5@4F0 53> 8 8A?>;=O5B 53> C4>AB>25@5=85<, GB> >= =5A><=5==> 8<55B 1KBL A?0A5= ?>A@54AB2>< A<8@5=8O.  '5< 1>;55 :B> =8AE>48B 2> 3;C18=C A<8@5=8O 8 >AC6405B A51O A0<>3> :0: =54>AB>9=>3> A?0A5=8O, B5< 1>;55 ?;0G5B 8 872>48B 8AB>G=8:8 A;57; ?> <5@5 A;57 8 ?;0G0 8AB>G05BAO 2 A5@4F5 53> 4CE>2=0O @04>ABL, 0 2<5AB5 A =5N A>8AB>G05BAO 8 A>2>7@0AB05B =045640, 8 40AB 25@=59H55 C4>AB>25@5=85 2> A?0A5=88.  ;0G 42>O:>5 8<55B 459AB285: 8, :0: 2>40, ?>30H05B A;570<8 25AL ?;0<5=L AB@0AB59 8 ><K205B 4CHC >B A:25@=K, ?@8G8=O5<>9 59 8<8; 8 >?OBL, :0: >3>=L, ?@8ACBAB285< !2. CE0 682>B2>@8B, A>3@5205B, 2>A?;0<5=O5B A5@4F5 8 2>71C6405B 2 =5< ;N1>2L 8 2>645;5=85 : >3C. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  04;568B =0< >A:25@=5=85 =5G8ABK<8 B>:0<8 87 B5;0 >G8I0BL ?>B>:0<8 A;57, 0 ><@0G5=85 4CH8 3>@5GLN 3=52=>N ?@>3>=OBL A25B>< A>:@CH5=8O 8 A;04>AB=>9 ?> >3C ;N128 8, B0:8< >1@07><, >?OBL A>548=OBLAO A "5<, >B >3> ?@5645 1K;8 8<8 >BGC645=K.  =>340 3>@5ABL 8 1>;57=>20=85 ?@8G8=ONBAO A5@45G=><C GC2AB2C 87;8O=85< A;57, 0 8=>340  @04>ABLN 25A5;8O. >340 >G8I05<AO <K ?>:0O=85< >B O40 8 A:25@=K 3@5E0, 4>2>;L=K5 : B><C 8<5O 87 =53> A;57K, B>340, :0: <;0B0<8 BO65;K<8, 1K20O ?>@0605<K 2>A?><8=0=8O<8 > A>45O==><, 3;C1>:85 87 A5@4F0 8A?CA:05< AB5=0=8O >B ?>;=>BK GC2AB20 3>@5AB8 8 1>;57=>20=8O > B><. >340 65 4>2>;L=> 1K2 >G8I5=K A;570<8, ?>GC2AB2C5< A2>1>4C >B AB@0AB59, B>340, >125A5;O5<K 1K20O >65AB25==K< CE>< :0: G8AB>5 8 B8E>5 ABO602H85 A5@4F5, =587@5G5==>3>, A;04>AB=>3> ?@58A?>;=O5<AO CB5H5=8O >B @04>AB=>B2>@=KE A;57 C<8;5=8O.  =K A;57K, ?@>;8205<K5 >B ?>:0O==>3> A>:@CH5=8O, 8 8=K  ?@>;8205<K5 >B >65AB25==>3> C<8;5=8O. "5, :0: @5:0, ?>B>?;ONB 8 @07@CH0NB 2A5 B25@4K=8 3@5E0, 0 MB8 1K20NB B> 65 4;O 4CH8, GB> 4>64L 4;O =82 8 @>A0 4;O 7;0:>2, ?8B0O :;0A 2545=8O 8 45;0O 53> <=>3>75@5==K< 8 <=>3>?@8?;>4=K<.  5 B> 65 A;57K, GB> 8 C<8;5=85, => <564C A;570<8 8 C<8;5=85< 1>;LH>5 @0AAB>O=85. "5 ?@8E>4OB >B @0A:0O=8O 2 ?@56=5< >1@075 687=8 8 ?@56=8E ?045=8OE 4CH8 4;O >G8I5=8O A5@4F0, :0: 1K >3=5< 8 :8?OI5N 2>4>N.  MB> (C<8;5=85) A2KH5 =0E>48B >B >65AB25==>9 @>AK CE0 2 CB5H5=85 8 ?@>E;0645=85 4CH8, B5?;5 2ABC?82H59 B5?5@L 2> 3;C18=C A<8@5=8O 8 ?@8G0AB82H59AO =5?@8ABC?=>3> A25B0 A>75@F0=8O, 8 >3C :0: 0284, 2 @04>AB8 2>?8NI59: ?@>84>E>< A:2>75 >3=L 8 2>4C, 8 8725; 5A8 =K 2 ?>:>9 (A. 65,12).  !;57K 5AB5AB25==> =0< ?@8@>645=K.  :>340 3>@4>ABL C<0 A:;>=8BAO : A<8@5=8N, 0 4CH0 A<568B >G8 A2>8 >B ?@5;5AB8 2848<KE 1;03 8 CAB@5<8B 8E : >4=><C 2845=8N ?5@2>3> =525I5AB25==>3> A25B0, >BB@OA5B 2AO:>5 : <8@C GC2AB2> 8 A2KH5 CB5H5=8O CE0 A?>4>18BAO, B>340 A;57K, :0: 2>4K 8AB>G=8:0, 8AB>@30NBAO 87 =55, CA;0640NB GC2AB20 55, 8 8A?>;=ONB <KA;8 55 2AO:>3> @04>20=8O 8 A25B0 >65AB25==>3>; 8 =5 MB> B>;L:>, => 8 A>:@CH0NB A5@4F5, 8 C< 2 2845=88 ;CGH53> A>45;K20NB A<8@5==><C4@K<. A5<C MB><C =52>7<>6=> 1KBL 2 B5E, :>8 ?;0GCB 8 @K40NB ?> 8=K< ?@8G8=0<.  52>7<>6=> @0725@ABL 8AB>G=8: A;57 157 3;C1>G09H53> A<8@5==><C4@8O, =8 >?OBL A<8@5==><C4@K< 1KBL 157 C<8;5=8O, ?@>872>48<>3> =08B85< CE0, 81> C<8;5=85 >B A<8@5==><C4@8O !2OBK< ?>@>6405BAO CE><. =8, :0: 725=LO F5?8, 45@60AL 4@C3 70 4@C30 8 548=>N 1;03>40BLN A2O7COAL, A>AB02;ONB =5@07@K2=K9 A>N7 4CE>2=K9. @5?. @83>@89 !8=08B.  57 45;0=8O 8 68B5;LAB20 ?;0G0 =52>7<>6=> ?@5B5@?5BL 40@0 157<>;28O. ;0GCI89 8 ?><KH;ONI89 >1 C60A0E, ?@54H5AB2CNI8E A<5@B8 8 ?>A;54CNI8E 70 =5N, ?@5645 G5< >=8 A0<8< 45;>< =0ABC?OB, =5 <>65B =5 8<5BL B5@?5=8O 8 A<8@5=8O, :>8 ACBL 420 >A=>20=8O 157<>;28O.  157 =8E 2ABC?82H89 2 157<>;285 1C45B 2A5340 A>2>A?8B0==8:>< A2>5<C =5@045=8N 8<5BL A0<><=5=85, >B :>8E @07<=>60NBAO ?;5=5=8O 8 ?0@5=8O, 225@30NI85 =0A 2 @0AA;01;5=85. BAN40 40;55, 4I5@L =5@045=8O  =52>745@60=85  45;05B B5;> 2O;K< 8 15AA8;L=K<, 0 C< ><@0G5==K< 8 >65AB5;K<. !2. @83>@89 0;0<0.  0G0;> ?;0G0 5ABL :0: 1K =5:>5 8A:0=85 >1@CG5=8O >68O, :>B>@>5 :065BAO =54>AB868<K<. >G5<C ?@8 A5< ?@>87=>AOBAO =5:>B>@K5 :0: 1K ?@54>1@CG0;L=K5 A;>20 B5<8, :>8 ?> A8;L=><C 65;0=8N A53> ?;0GCB, @0748@0OAL A5@4F5< ?@54 5=8E>< 8 ?@87K20O 53> @K40=8O<8. >=5F 65 ?;0G0  1@0G=>5 2 G8AB>B5 A>25@H5==>5 A>G5B0=85 ("09=0 A8O 25;8:0 5ABL  D. 5, 32). @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  @5645 2A53> <>;8AL > ?>;CG5=88 A;57, GB>1K ?;0G5< C<O3G8BL ACICN 2 4CH5 65AB>:>ABL 8, 8A?>25402 A2>5 15770:>=85... >A?>4528, ?>;CG8BL >B 53> >AB02;5=85 3@5E>2 (A. 31, 5).  >340 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K A2>59 87;8205HL ?>B>:8 A;57, >B=N4L =5 2>7=>A8AL B5< A0< 2 A515, :0: 1C4B> BK 2KH5 <=>38E. -B> ?><>IL A2KH5 ?@8O;0 <>;8B20 B2>O, GB>1K BK, CA5@4=> 8A?>25402 3@5E8 A2>8, A;570<8 C<8;>AB828; ;04K:C.  >340 ?>4C<05HL, GB> 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K B2>59 =5B B515 =C64K ?;0:0BL > 3@5E0E, B>340 ?>A<>B@8, A:>;L 40;5:> >BAB>8HL BK >B >30, 1C4CG8 >1O70= 2A5340 ?@51K20BL 2 5<, 8 B5?;59H85 ?@>;L5HL A;57K.  ;0GL > 3@5H=8:5 1;03>45=AB2CNI5<, ?>B><C GB> <5G ?@02>AC48O 28A8B =04 =8<. @5?. D@5< !8@88.  # ;N459 1K20NB B@5E @07;8G=KE @>4>2 A;57K. K20NB A;57K > 25I0E 2848<KE  8 >=8 >G5=L 3>@L:8 8 AC5B=K. K20NB A;57K ?>:0O=8O, :>340 4CH0 2>765;05B 25G=KE 1;03,  8 >=8 >G5=L A;04:8 8 ?>;57=K.  1K20NB A;57K @0A:0O=8O B0<, 345 ?;0G 8 A:@565B 7C1>2 (D. 8, 12),  8 MB8 A;57K 3>@L:8, 15A?>;57=K, ?>B><C GB> 2>2A5 15A?;>4=K, :>340 C65 =5B 2@5<5=8 ?>:0O=8N.  ;065=, C :>3> 4CH0 AB0;0 ?>4>1=>9 =>2>=0A0645==><C 45@52C, 8 2A5340, :0: 2>4=>5 >@>H5=85, 8<55B A;57K ?> >3C.  %>GC 87>1@078B 20< A8;C A;57. ==0 A;57=>N <>;8B2>N ?@8>1@5;0 ?@>@>:0 !0<C8;0, 2>AB>@65=85 3>@5 8 1>3>E20;5=85 2 A5@4F5 A2>5<. 5=0 3@5H=8F0 2 4><C !8<>=0, ?;0G0 8 ><K20O A;570<8 A2. =>38 >A?>40, ?>;CG8;0 >B 53> ?@>I5=85 3@5E>2. #<8;5=85 (A5@45G=K9 ?;0G) ?@54 >3>< 5ABL C2@0G520=85 4CH8. => 2A5;O5B 2 =0A 48=>@>4=03> !K=0, :>340 2>645;5205< 3>, 8 ?@82;5:05B 2 4CHC CE0 !2OB>3>. 0 75<;5 =5B @04>AB8 A;04>AB=55 B>9, :0:0O 1K205B >B C<8;5=8O. 70@8;AO ;8 :B> 87 20A MB>N @04>ABLN A;57 ?> >3C? A;8 :B> 87 20A, 8A?KB02 MB> 8 CA;0482H8AL B5<, 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K 2>7=>A8;AO =04 75<;5N, B> 2 MB>B G0A 1K20; >= 25AL 2=5 B5;0 A2>53>, 2=5 2A53> 25:0 A53> 8 C65 =5 =0 75<;5. !2OBK5 8 G8ABK5 A;57K ?> >3C 2A5340 ><K20NB 4CHC >B 3@5E>2 8 >G8I0NB 55 >B 15770:>=89. !;57K ?> >3C 2> 2AO:>5 2@5<O 40NB 45@7=>25=85 ?@54 >3><; =5G8ABK5 ?><KA;K =8:0: =5 <>3CB ?@81;878BLAO : 4CH5, :>B>@0O 8<55B 2A5340H=55 C<8;5=85 ?> >3C. #<8;5=85 5ABL A>:@>28I5 =5@0AE8I05<>5; C<8;5=85 65 @07C<5N ?@>4>;60NI8<AO =5 >48= 45=L, => =5?@5AB0==> 45=L 8 =>GL 8 4> :>=F0 687=8. #<8;5=85 5ABL G8ABK9 8AB>G=8:, >@>H0NI89 ?;>4>=>A=K5 =0A0645=8O 4CH8 (B.5. 4>1@>45B5;8).  %>BO =5B C B51O 2848<KE A;57, >4=0:> 65, ?CABL 1C45B A5@45G=>5 A>:@CH5=85, ?>B><C GB> 8 <564C A;570<8 5ABL @07=>ABL. > 1;065=  :B> 2 4CH5 A2>59, :0: 2 75@:0;5, A>75@F05B >A?>40 8 2<5AB5 A> A;570<8 87;8205BAO 2 A;02>A;>288 <C ?@54 ;8F>< 3> 1;03>AB8, ?>B><C GB> <>;8B20 53> 1C45B CA;KH0=0.  0G0;> ?;0G0  ?>7=0=85 A0<>3> A51O. 0 1C45B 65 ?;0G =0H =5 ?> G5;>25:C, => ?> >3C, >B>@K9 7=05B A>:@>25==>ABL A5@4F0, GB>1K >B 53> ?>;CG8BL =0< C1;065=85.  A;8 E>G5HL, GB>1K >3 40@>20; B515 A;57K, A>:@CH5=85 8 15AAB@0AB85, =5?@5AB0==> ?@82>48 A515 =0 ?0<OBL A<5@BL 8 3@>1 A2>9. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  0:>5 8=>5 70=OB85 C <>=0E0 2 :5;88 53> :@><5 ?;0G0?  :0:>5 4@C3>5 70=OB85 ;CGH5 MB>3>? !0<>5 ?@51K20=85 <>=0E0 8 >48=>G5AB2> 53>, C?>4>1;OOAL ?@51K20=8N 2> 3@>15, 40;5:><C >B @04>AB8 G5;>25G5A:>9, CG0B 53>, GB> 45OB5;L=>ABL 53>  ?;0G.  5A5;8AL A 25A5;OI8<8AO 8 ?;0GL A ?;0GCI8<8, 81> MB> ?@87=0: G8AB>BK. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  B> E>G5B >A2>1>48BLAO >B 3@5E>2  ?;0G5< 8 AB5=0=85< >A2>1>48BAO >B =8E; 8 :B> E>G5B =0AB@>8BLAO =0 4>1@>45B5;8  A;57=K< ?;0G5< =0AB@>8BAO. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  0: >3>=L A>68305B 8 C=8GB>605B E2>@>AB, B0: G8AB0O A;570 ><K205B 2A5 =5G8AB>BK =0@C6=K5 8 2=CB@5==85. !#( ;065==K9 804>E.  >A;CH0=85 5ABL ?5@2>5 2 G8A;5 22>4=KE (=>2>=0G0;L=KE) 4>1@>45B5;59 4>1@>, 81> >=> >BA5:05B :8G5=85 8 ?>@>6405B 2 =0A A<8@5==><C4@85. >G5<C 1K205B 2E>4=>N 425@LN ;N128 :> %@8ABC >3C 4;O B5E, :>8 A A5@45G=K< @0A?>;>65=85< 45@60BAO 53>. B;>682 53>, 40< =8A?0; 2> 3;C18=C 040. >A?>4L 65, 2>7;N182 53>, 2 A8;C 4><>AB@>8B5;LAB20 =0H53> A?0A5=8O, ?>A;CH;82 1K; BFC !2>5<C 4065 4> :@5AB0 8 A<5@B8 ($8;. 2, 8), 8 MB> B>340, :>340 =8 2 G5< =5 <5=LH5 1K; 25;8G5AB20 3>, GB>1K !2>8< ?>A;CH0=85<, 703;0482 28=C ?@>A;CH0=8O G5;>25G5A:>3>, B5E, :>8 ?>682CB 2 ?>A;CH0=88, 2>725ABL : 1;065==>9 8 25G=CNI59 687=8. B0:, B5<, :>8 2>A?@85<;NB 1>@L1C A 3>@4K=5N 4802>;LA:>N, ?@5645 2A53> 4>;6=> 2>7@52=>20BL > A59 4>1@>45B5;8, 8 >=0, ?@54H5AB2CO, =5701;C4=> ?>:065B 8< ?>B>< 2A5 AB578 4>1@>45B5;8. @5?. $5>4>@ !BC48B.  B:C40 C =0A >3>@G5=8O, =5?@8OB=>AB8, 1@0=8, AA>@K, 70284>20=8O? 5 >B B>3> ;8, GB> 4><>305<AO AB>OBL =0 A2>5< 8 70I8I0BL A2>8 @5H5=8O 8 ?>65;0=8O. 0, B0: 5ABL 2>8AB8=C.  =5B 4@C3>3> A?>A>10 871028BL =0A >B :>7=59 4802>;0, :@><5 >BA5G5=8O A2>59 2>;8. @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.  8:0: =5 A>3;0H09AO, :>340 =0E>4OI89AO C B51O =0 ?>A;CH0=88 A:065B B515: 409 <=5 2;0ABL =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O, 4;O 4>1@>45B5;8, ?>?KB0BL B> 8;8 4@C3>5 45;> 8 A>25@H0BL 53> B0: 8 B0:. 1> 3>2>@OI89 B0: O2=> A2>N 2>;N 8A?>;=OBL E>G5B, 0 7025BK 4>1@>45B5;8 ?>A;CH0=8O >B<5B05B. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  B> 25@C5B, GB> 2 @C:5 ?0ABK@O =0E>4OBAO 53> 687=L 8 A<5@BL, B>B =8:>340 =5 2>A?@5:>A;>28B. 52545=85 65 A53> @>6405B ?@5:>A;>285, ?@8G8=ONI55 4CE>2=CN 8 25G=CN A<5@BL. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  >A;CH0=85 5ABL A>25@H5==>5 >B@5G5=85 >B A>1AB25==>9 2>;8 8 4CH8 A2>59, O2AB25==> >1=0@C68205<>5 2 B5;5A=KE 459AB28OE; 8;8 8=0G5: ?>A;CH0=85 5ABL C<5@I2;5=85 G;5=>2 ?@8 682>< B5;5. >A;CH0=85 5ABL =5 8A?KBK205<>5 ?@5420@8B5;L=>5 42865=85, ?@>872>;L=0O A<5@BL, =5 >1>7=0G5==0O =8G5< 87;8H=8< 687=L, 15A?5G0;L=>5 154AB2>20=85, =5 ?@84C<0==>5 >?@0240=85 ?@54 >3><, =51>O7=5==>ABL A<5@B8, 157154=>5 ?;020=85 (?> 68B59A:><C <>@N), ?CB5H5AB285 A?OI53>. >A;CH0=85 5ABL 3@>1 2>;8 8 2>A:@5A5=85 A<8@5=8O; >=> =5 ?@>B82>@5G8B, =5 @0AAC6405B, :0: 1K 8 <5@B2>  82 4>1@><, 8 2 B><, GB> ?> 2848<><C EC4>. 1> 70 2A5 1C45B >B25BAB2>20BL B>B, :B> 1;03>G5AB=> ?@540; A<5@B8 2>;N ?>A;CH=8:0. >A;CH0=85 5ABL >B;>65=85 @0AAC48B5;L=>AB8 ?@8 1>30BAB25 @0AAC48B5;L=>AB8. !22. >BFK >?@545;ONB, GB> ?A0;<>?5=85 5ABL >@C685, <>;8B20  AB5=K, =5C:>@87=5==K5 A;57K  10=O, 0 1;065==>5 ?>A;CH0=85 ?> @0AAC645=8N 8E 5ABL 8A?>254=8G5AB2>, 8 157 =53> =8:B> 87 ?>425@65==KE AB@0ABO< =5 C7@8B >A?>40. !"+ % @5?>4>1=K9 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  B@5:H89AO >B 25I59 <8@A:8E, 65=K, 8<5=8O 8 ?@>G., A>45;0; <>=0E>< G5;>25:0 2=5H=53>, 0 5I5 =5 2=CB@5==53>; >B@5H82H89AO 65 >B AB@0AB=KE ?><KA;>2 A>45;0; B0:>2K< 8 2=CB@5==53> G5;>25:0, B. 5. C< 2=5H=53> G5;>25:0 ;53:> A45;0BL <>=0E><, 5A;8 B>;L:> 70E>B5BL, => =5 <0; ?>4283 A45;0BL <>=0E>< 2=CB@5==53> G5;>25:0.  >=0E 5ABL B>B, :B> C< A2>9 >B40;8; >B GC2AB25==KE 25I59,  8 2>745@60=85<, ;N1>2LN, ?A0;<>?5=85< 8 <>;8B2>N =5?@5AB0==> ?@8A548B >3C. 8:B> 40 =5 >1>;LAB8B B51O, A<8@5==K9 <>=0E, B0:>2>N <KA;LN, 1C4B> B515 <>6=> A?0AB8AL, @01>B0O A;0AB>;N18N 8 BI5A;028N.  "@8 3;02=59H8E =@02AB25==KE A>AB>O=8O 1K205B C <>=0E>2: 1-5  :>340 :B> =8 2 G5< =5 3@5H8B 45;><; 2-5  :>340 :B> =5 405B 70<54;OBL 2 4CH5 AB@0AB=K< ?><KA;0<; 3-5  :>340 :B> 15AAB@0AB=> 278@05B 2 <KA;OE =0 >1@07K 65= 8 >184OI8E.  #A?5E8 <8@A:8E ;N459 ACBL ?045=8O 2 <>=0E0E, 0 CA?5E8 <>=0E>2 ACBL ?045=8O 2 <8@A:8E ;N4OE. #A?5E8 <8@O= A>AB>OB 2 1>30BAB25, A;025, A8;5, CB5E0E, 2 1;03>?;>B88, <=>3>G04AB25 8 B><C ?>4>1=KE 25I0E, 2 :>B>@K5 2ABC?O, <>=0E ?>38105B. #A?5E8 65 <>=0E0 ACBL: =5ABO60=85, 15AA;0285, 15AA8;85, 2>745@60=85, 7;>AB@040=85, ;8H5=8O 8 A8< ?>4>1=>5, G5<C =52>;L=> ?>425@3H8AL, <8@>;N15F ?>G8B05B B> 25;8:8< =5AG0ABL5< 8 G0AB> 1;87>: 1K205B 2 >?0A=>AB8 =0:8=CBL ?5B;N =0 H5N, 0 =5:>B>@K5 8 45;0;8 B0:. @5?. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  >4>105B C1> <>=0EC 1KBL 15725I=C, 15AAB@0AB=C, GC64C 2AO:>3> 3@5E>2=>3> ?>E>B5=8O, =5A;04:>OAB;82C, =5 28=>?89F5, =5 <5H:>B=C, =5 ;5=82C, =5 A@51@>;N182C, =5 A;0AB>;N182C, =5 A;02>;N182C, 81> :B> >B 2A53> B0:>3> =5 >B@5H8BAO, B>B =5 A<>65B 8A?@02=> 25AB8 MBC 0=35;LA:CN 687=L; 4;O B5E 65, :>8 B0: 8<5==> ?>ABC?0NB, >=0 5ABL 83> 1;03>5 8 1@5<O ;53:>5, B0: :0: 2 B0:>< A;CG05 >65AB25==0O =045640 2A5 45;05B 4;O =8E ;53:8<.  B@5:H8AL >B 68B59A:8E 701>B 8 2>A?@8O2 8=>G5A:89 ?>4283, =5 2>765;09 1>30BAB20 4;O @0740O=8O 154=K<, 81> 8 MB> 5ABL >4=> 87 ?@5;LI5=88 ;C:02>3>, 254CI55 : BI5A;028N, GB>1K 225@30BL C< 2 <=>3>45;85 E;>?>B;82>5. CABL B>;L:> E;51 8<55HL BK 8 2>4C 8 >4=8<8 8<8 <>65HL ABO60BL <74C AB@0==>?@88<AB20. CABL 4065 8 8E =5 8<5O, A >4=8< 1;038< @0A?>;>65=85< ?@8<5HL AB@0==8:0 8 40HL 5<C A;>2> CB5H5=8O 8 B0:8< >1@07>< <>65HL 70A;C68BL <74C AB@0==>?@88<AB20. <55HL ?@8<5@ A5<C 2 154=>9 24>25, > :>B>@>9 >A?>4L 70A2845B5;LAB2>20; 2 20=35;88, GB> >=0 A2>8<8 42C<O ;5?B0<8 2 A8;C 1;03>3> ?@>872>;5=8O A2>53> ?@527>H;0 ?>40O=8O 1>30BKE. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  KBL <>=0E>< =5 B> 5ABL, GB>1K 1KBL 2=5 ;N459 8 <8@0, => B>, GB>1K, >B@5:H8AL >B A51O, 1KBL 2=5 ?>65;0=89 ?;>B8 8 C9B8 2 ?CABK=N AB@0AB59 (2 15AAB@0AB85). A;8 25;8:><C 0225 @A5=8N 8 A:070=>: 15309 ;N459 8 A?0A5HLAO, B> A:070=> 2 MB>< 8<5==> A<KA;5. 1> 2848<, GB> >= 8 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: C1560; 87 <8@0, 2>42>@O;AO A@548 ;N459, ?@>E>48; ?> =0A5;5==K< <5AB0< 8 6820; A CG5=8:0<8. > ?@8 MB><, AB0@0B5;L=> A>1;N40O 2=CB@5==55 153AB2>, ?@8 GC2AB25==>< >1I5=88, =8:0:><C 2@54C =5 ?>425@30;AO >= >B A>?@51K20=8O A ;N4L<8. -B> 65 8 4@C3>9 =5:B> 87 25;8:8E 2>7720;: 15309B5, 1@0B8O, 8 C:070; =0 CAB0, :>340 A?@>A8;8 53>: >B G53> 1530BL? @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  !25B <>=0E>2 ACBL =35;K, <>=0E8 65 A25B 4;O 2A5E G5;>25:>2; 8 ?>B><C 40 ?>42870NBAO >=8 1KBL 1;038< ?@8<5@>< 2> 2A5<, =8:><C =8 2 G5<65 40NI5 ?@5BK:0=85 (2 >@. 6, 3) =8 45;>< =8 A;>2><.  87=L <>=0H5A:0O, 2 >B=>H5=88 45;, A;>2, ?><KH;5=89 8 42865=89 4>;6=0 1KBL ?@>2>48<0 2 GC2AB25 A5@4F0. A;8 65 =5 B0:, B> >=0 =5 1C45B <>=0H5A:0O, =5 3>2>@N C65 0=35;LA:0O. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  !8;L=> ?@>3>=OBL @07;5=5=85 8 2>71C640BL M=5@38N <>65B A;54CNI55 2845=85, > :>B>@>< @0AA:07K205B A0< A2. =B>=89: «>;8; O >30 ?>:070BL <=5, :0:>9 ?>:@>2 >:@C605B 8 70I8I05B <>=0E0?  2845; O <>=0E0, >:@C65==>3> >3=5==K<8 ;0<?040<8, 8 <=>65AB2> =35;>2 1;N;8 53>, :0: 75=8FC >:0, >3@0640O <5G0<8 A2>8<8. ">340 O 274>E=C; 8 A:070;: «>B GB> 40=> <>=0EC!  =5A<>B@O, >4=0:>, =0 B>, 4802>; >4>;5205B 53> 8 >= ?0405B».  ?@8H5; :> <=5 3>;>A >B <8;>A5@4=>3> >A?>40 8 A:070;: «8:>3> =5 <>65B =87;>68BL 4802>;; >= =5 8<55B 1>;55 =8:0:>9 A8;K ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: /, 2>A?@8O2 G5;>25G5A:>5 5AB5AB2>, A>:@CH8; 53> 2;0ABL. > G5;>25: A0< >B A51O ?0405B, :>340 ?@5405BAO =5@045=8N 8 ?>1;0605B A2>8< ?>E>BO< 8 AB@0ABO<». / A?@>A8;: «AO:><C ;8 <>=0EC 405BAO B0:>9 ?>:@>2?»  <=5 1K;> ?>:070=> <=>65AB2> 8=>:>2, >3@0645==KE B0:>N 70I8B>N. ">340 O 2>7720;: «;065= @>4 G5;>25G5A:89, 8 >A>15==> 2>8=AB2> 8=>:>2, GB> 8<55B >A?>40 AB>;L <8;>A5@4=>3> 8 G5;>25:>;N182>3>!»   4@C3>9 @07 A2. =B>=89 >B:@K; A2>8< CG5=8:0<, :0: >B C<0;5=8O @52=>AB8 @0AA;0155B <>=0H5AB2> 8 ?><5@:=5B A;020 53>. 5:>B>@K5 CG5=8:8 53>, 284O 15AG8A;5==>5 <=>65AB2> 8=>:>2 2 ?CABK=5, C:@0H5==KE B0:8<8 4>1@>45B5;O<8 8 A B0:8< 60@>< @52=CNI8E > ?@5CA?5O=88 2> A2OB>< 68B88 >BH5;L=8G5A:><, A?@>A8;8 022C =B>=8O: «BG5! 4>;3> ;8 ?@51C45B MB>B 60@ @52=>AB8 8 MB0 ;N1>2L : C548=5=8N, =8I5B5, A<8@5=8N, 2>745@60=8N 8 2A5< ?@>G8< 4>1@>45B5;O<, : :>B>@K< =K=5 B0: CA5@4=> ?@8;568B 2A5 MB> <=>65AB2> <>=0E>2?» '5;>25: >689 A 2>74KE0=85< 8 A;570<8 >B25B8;: «@845B 2@5<O, 2>7;N1;5==K5 45B8 <>8, :>340 <>=0E8 >AB02OB ?CABK=8 8 ?>B5:CB 2<5AB> =8E 2 1>30BK5 3>@>40, 345, 2<5AB> MB8E ?CABK==KE ?5I5@ 8 B5A=KE :5;89, 2>74283=CB 3>@4K5 740=8O, <>3CI85 A?>@8BL A ?0;0B0<8 F0@59; 2<5AB> =8I5BK 2>7@0AB5B ;N1>2L : A>1@0=8N 1>30BAB2, A<8@5=85 70<5=8BAO 3>@4>ABLN; <=>385 1C4CB 3>@48BLAO 7=0=85<, => 3>@4K<, GC64K< 4>1@KE 45;, A>>B25BAB2CNI8E 7=0=8N; ;N1>2L >E;0455B; 2<5AB> 2>745@60=8O C<=>68BAO G@52>C3>485, 8 >G5=L <=>385 87 =8E 1C4CB 701>B8BLAO > @>A:>H=KE OAB20E, =5 <5=LH5 A0<8E <8@O=, >B :>B>@KE <>=0E8 =8G5< 4@C38< >B;8G0BLAO =5 1C4CB, :0: <>=0H5A:8< >45O=85<, 8, =5 A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> 1C4CB 68BL A@548 <8@0, 1C4CB =07K20BL A51O C548=5==8:0<8. @8 B>< 1C4CB >=8 25;8G0BLAO, 3>2>@O: O 02;>2... O  ?>;;>A>2 (1 >@. 1,12), :0: 1K 2AO A8;0 8E <>=0H5AB20 A>AB>O;0 2 4>AB>8=AB25 8E ?@54H5AB25==8:>2: >=8 1C4CB 25;8G0BLAO >BF0<8 A2>8<8, :0: 8C458  >BF>< A2>8< 2@00<><, => 1C4CB 2 B> 2@5<O 8 B0:85, :>B>@K5 >:06CBAO 3>@074> ;CGH5 8 A>25@H5==55 =0A; 81> 1;065= B>B, :B> <>3 ?>3@5H8BL  8 =5. ?>3@5H8;, A45;0BL 7;>  8 =5 A45;0;; (!8@. 31, 11), =565;8 B>B, :B> 2;5:>< 1K; : 4>1@C <0AA>N AB@5<OI8EAO : B><C @52=8B5;59. >G5<C >9, 2@00< 8 >B, :>B>@K5 25;8 @52=>AB=CN 687=L A@548 7;KE ;N459, A?@0254;82> B0: <=>3> ?@>A;02;ONBAO 2 8A0=88». "(,'!" @5?>4>1=K9 >0== 0@?0DA:89.  5 A;54C5B GC48BLAO, :>340 C2848B5 ?>A<520NI8EAO 157<>;28N =0H5<C, ?>B><C GB> A0<8 =5 <>3CB 157<>;2AB2>20BL; ;CGH5 ?5=85< >B@078B5 4C@=>5 >B =8E 2?5G0B;5=85, >4=0:> 6, 157 7;>?0<OBAB20, 2>AAB02;OO 2 A515 2OI55 >3C ?>28=>25=85 20H5, 8 27K20O 2 ?5=88: 10G5 >3>28 ?>28=8AO, 4CH5 <>O (A. 61, 6), 81> 2<5AB> 565 ;N18B5 <O, >1>;30EC <O, 07 65 <>;OEAO (A. 108, 4) >1 8AF5;5=88 <5=O A0<>3> 8 8E. !2. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  '0AB> 1K20BL 2=5 :5;88 =5 ?>72>;O9 A515, 5A;8 BK 871@0; A515 157<>;2=>5 68B85, ?>B><C GB> MB> >G5=L 2@54=>: >BJ5<;5B 1;03>40BL, ><@0G05B <KA;8, >A;01;O5B @52=>ABL. >G5<C 8 A:070=>: ?0@5=85 ?>E>B8 ?@><5=O5B C< =57;>182 (@5<. 4,12). @5A5:8 65 A=>H5=8O A 2=5H=8<8, GB>1K C< B2>9 =5 A45;0;AO ?0@8B5;L=L3< 8 =5 2>7<CI0; ?>@O4:>2 157<>;28O B2>53>.  !84O 2 :5;88, =5 A>25@H09 45;0=88 A2>8E 15AA<KA;5==> 8 2@5<5=8 =5 8648209 2 ?@074=>AB8, 81> 15745;L=> ?CB5H5AB2CNI89 2AC5 B@C48BAO. > ABO68 A515 1;03>5 45;0=85, A>15@8 C< A2>9, ?@54 >G0<8 8<59 2A5340 G0A A<5@B=K9, ?><=8 > AC5B=>AB8 <8@A:>9, :0: >=0 >1>;LAB8B5;L=0 8, 2<5AB5 A B5<, :0: =5B25@40 8 =8GB>6=0; ?><KH;O9 >1 >1AB>OB5;LAB20E AB@0H=>3> =0 AC45 8A?KB0=8O, :0: =0H8 3>@L:85 >1;8G8B5;8 1C4CB 2848<> ?@54AB02;OBL B>340 =0H8 45;0, A;>20 8 ?><KH;5=8O, :>B>@K5 >=8 2;030;8, 0 <K ?@8=8<0;8; ?@82>48 A515 =0 <KA;L 8 04A:85 <CG8;8I0 8 B>, :0: 2 =8E 70:;NG5=K 1C4CB 4CH8; ?@54AB02;O9 B0:65 25;8:89 >=K9 8 AB@0H=K9 45=L,  45=L >1I53> 2>A:@5A5=8O, ?@54AB0=8O ?@54 >3>< 8 >:>=G0B5;L=>3> >?@545;5=8O !C488 5;>6=>3>; 2>>1@0609, 8<5NI85 >1JOBL 3@5H=KE <CG5=8O, ABK4 8 >1;8G5=8O A>25AB8, 8 B>, :0: 1C4CB >=8 >B25@65=K >3>< 8 225@65=K 2 >3=L 25G=K9, : G5@2N =5CAK?0NI5<C, 2> BL<C =5?@>=8F05<CN, 345 ?;0G 8 A:@565B 7C1>2. 1>7@520O 65 2A5 4@C385 <CG8;8I0, =5 ?5@5AB0209, AB5=O, >1;820BL A;570<8 ;8F> A2>5, >45O=85 A2>5 8 <5AB>, =0 :>B>@>< A848HL. "0:8<8 ?><KH;5=8O<8 <=>385 ABO6020;8 A515 >18;85 A;57 8 482=> >G8I0;8 2A5 A8;K 4CH8 A2>59. 220 $8;8<>=.  !2. 8A0=8O 8 >B5G5A:85 OA=> ?>:07K20NB, GB> 157 A>25@H5==>3> C548=5=8O =52>7<>6=> C3>48BL >3C, :0: =5345 ;N1><C4@AB2C5B 8 >8A59, A59 1>3>?@>A25I5==K9 >B5F, GB> 157<>;285 @>6405B ?>4283, 0 ?>4283  ?;0G, ?;0G  - AB@0E, AB@0E  A<8@5=85, A<8@5=85  ?@>7@5=85, ?@>7@5=85  ;N1>2L, ;N1>2L 65 45;05B 4CHC 74@02>N 8 15AAB@0AB=>N, 8 B>340 G5;>25: ?>7=05B, GB> >= =540;5: >B >30. B0:, =04;568B B515 A>2A5< C40;8BLAO >B <8@0, 8 >BB>@3=C2 4CHC >B 2AO:>3> A>AB@0AB8O B5;C, AB0BL 1573@04=K<, 1574><=K<, 15AA>1AB25==8:><, 15AA@51@5=8:><, 15AE;>?>B=8:><, =52564>N 2 45;0E G5;>25G5A:8E, A<8@5==K<, A>AB@040B5;L=K<, 1;038<, :@>B:8<, 3>B>2K< ?@8=OBL >B >65AB25==>3> 2545=8O 2@07C<8B5;L=K5 =0?5G0B;5=8O 2 A5@4F5. @5?. $8;>D59 !8=09A:89.  54:> >G5=L <>6=> =09B8 157<>;2AB2CNI8E C<><. -B> 5ABL ?@8=04;56=>ABL B5E, :>B>@K5 2A5 A@54AB20 C?>B@51;ONB : B><C, GB>1K ?@82;5GL A515 1;03>40BL >65AB25==CN 8 8A?>;=8BLAO 8AB5:0NI8< 87 =55 4CE>2=K< CB5H5=85<. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  57<>;285 5ABL A>AB>O=85 C<0, =5ABC605<>3> ?><KA;0<8, B8H8=0 A2>1>4K >B AB@0AB59 8 >B@04K 4CH52=>9, AB>O=85 A5@4F0 2 >35, =5B@52>68<>5 8 =52;05<>5, A25B;>5 A>75@F0=85, 2545=85 >688E B09=, A;>2> ?@5<C4@>AB8 87 G8AB>3> C<0, 1574=0 @07C<5=89 >688E, 2>AB>@65=85 C<0, 15A54K >689, =5CAK?=>5 >:>, <>;8B20 C<=0O, 15AB@C4=K9 2 25;8:8E B@C40E ?>:>9, 8, =0:>=5F, 548=5=85 8 A>2>:C?;5=85 A >3><. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  AB0282H89 <8@ 25AL 8 2 3>@C C40;82H89AO =0 157<>;285 8 >BBC40 BI5A;02=> ?8HCI89 : ACI8< 2 <8@5, >4=8E C1;060O, 4@C38< ;0A:0=8O 8 ?>E20;K @0AB>G0O, ?>4>15= B><C, :B>, @07254H8AL A 65=>N 1;C4=>N, =5?>B@51=>N 8 2A57;>1=>N 8 >BH54H8 =0 AB@0=C 40;5G5, GB>1K 873;048BL 8 A0<CN ?0<OBL > =59, 701K; ?>B>< > A2>59 F5;8, 4;O :>B>@>9 C40;8;AO =0 AB@0=C, 2 3>@C, 8 ?8H5B A 2>645;5=85< : B5<, :>B>@K5 >1@0I0NBAO A B>N 65=>N, 8;8, ?@O<55 A:070BL,  >A:25@=ONBAO 8 C1;060NB 55. "0:>2>9, E>BO B5;>< =5 >A:25@=O5BAO, => A5@4F5< 8 C<>< 2AOG5A:8 >A:25@=O5BAO, :0: 1K A>GC2AB2CO B5< ?@>872>;5=8O< 2 8E A2O78 A B>N 65=>N. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  57<>;2=8: B>B, :B> ACI5AB2> 15AB5;5A=>5, :B> 4CHC A2>N CA8;8205BAO C45@6820BL 2 ?@545;0E B5;5A=>3> 4><0. >4283 @54:89 8 482=K9. 57<>;2=8: B>B, :B> 3>2>@8B: 7 A?;N, 0 A5@4F5 <>5 148B (5A=. 5, Z). 0B2>@O9 425@L :5;88 4;O B5;0, 425@L CAB 4;O 15A54, 0 2=CB@5==NN 425@L 4CH8  4;O ;C:02KE 4CE>2.  5@2>5 45;> 157<>;28O 5ABL 15A?>?5G5=85 > 2A5E 25I0E, 8 1;03>A;>2=KE 8 =51;03>A;>2=KE, 81> >B2>@OI89 425@L ?5@2K< 2A5:>=5G=> 2?045B 8 2> 2B>@K5. B>@>5 45;>  <>;8B20 =5;5=>AB=0O, 0 B@5BL5  =5>:@04K205<>5 45;0=85 A5@4F0. 0: =52>7<>6=>, ?> 5AB5AB25==><C ?>@O4:C, =52KCG82H5<C 1C:2 G8B0BL :=838, B0: 5I5 1>;55 =52>7<>6=> =5 ABO602H8< ?5@2>3> 45;0 157<>;28O @07C<=> ?@>E>48BL ?>A;54=8O 420. @5?. A00: !8@88.  >340 =0 >4=C AB>@>=C ?>;>68HL 2A5 45;0 68B8O A53> (8=>G5A:>3>), 0 =0 4@C3CN <>;G0=85, B> =0945HL, GB> >=> ?5@5BO38205B =0 25A0E. >;G0=85 5ABL B09=0 1C4CI53> 25:0, 0 A;>20 ACBL >@C48O MB>3> <8@0. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  !B0@FK >G5=L >4>1@ONB >BH5;L=8G5AB2>, :>340 >=> 1K205B 2 A2>5 2@5<O, B. 5. :>340 :B> ?@8ABC?05B : =5<C, CA>25@H82H8AL 2 4>1@>45B5;OE 2 >1I568B88.  B0:>9 ?CABL 8A?KB05B A51O, <>65B ;8 A CA?5E>< 68BL 2 >BH5;L=8G5AB25, 8 5A;8 =0945B A85 4;O A51O =52>7<>6=K< ?> =54>AB0B:C A8;, ?CABL 2>72@0B8BAO 2 >1I568B85, GB>1K 8=0G5, =5 8<5O A8; ?@>B82>AB>OBL CE8I@5=8O< ?><KA;>2, =5 ;8H8BLAO @0AAC4:0.  !2OBK5 >689 C1530;8 3>@>4>2, 7=0O, GB> >1@0I5=85 A ;N4L<8 @072@0B=K<8 3>@074> B;5B2>@=55 70@078B5;L=>9 1>;57=8. A5 A2OBK5, 8E 65 =5 15 4>AB>8= <8@, >AB02O >18B05<CN 2A5;5==CN, 2 ?CABK=OE A:8B0;8AL (2@. 11, 37), 1530O 1;03>284=KE G5;>25G5A:8E ?>@>:>2, GB>1K A8;>N 8E AB@5<;5=8O, :0: ?>B>:><, =5 C2;5GLAO 2 >1I55 B5G5=85 <8@A:>9 ?03C1=>9 687=8. '!" !2OB>9 0;;8AB.  52>7<>6=> ?@8 A2840=88 ;N459 8 15A540E A =8<8 A?>4>18BLAO C<=>3> 7@5=8O >30 8 <>;8B25==>9 15A54K A 8<. >G5<C B5, :>8E >1J5<;5B 701>B;82>5 65;0=85 ?>:0OBLAO 2 A2>8E ?@53@5H5=8OE, >G8AB8BLAO >B AB@0AB59,  4>AB83=CBL 8 2:CA8BL A>75@F0=8O >30 8 15A54K A 8<, GB> 5ABL ?@545; 8 F5;L 682CI8E ?> >3C 8 70;>3 25G=>3> >68O =0A;548O, 2A5<8 A?>A>10<8 27KA:820NB 157<>;28O, =08?>;57=59H8< 45;>< 4;O A51O ?>G8B0O C40;5=85 >B ;N459 8 0=0E>@5BAB2>, A 4>;6=K<, :>=5G=>, : B><C @0A?>;>65=85< 8 =0AB@>5=85<. 7 A>25B>2 CG8B5;59 &5@:28.  %@8AB80=AB2>, 8AB8==> E@8AB80=A:0O 687=L =5<KA;8<K 157 ?>4286=8G5AB20; 2 8725AB=KE ?@545;0E, 2 8725AB=>9 AB5?5=8 ?>4286=8G5AB2> >1O70B5;L=> 70?>2540=> 2A5< E@8AB80=0<, C70:>=5=> 4;O 2A5E =0A. 1> G53> B@51C5B %@8AB>A >B !2>8E ?>A;54>20B5;59? = B@51C5B >B =0A ?>;=>3> A0<>>B25@65=8O. B> E>G5B 84B8 70 =>N,  3>2>@8B =,  >B25@3=8AL A51O, 8 2>7L<8 :@5AB A2>9, 8 A;54C9 70 =>N (:. 8, 34), B. 5. 27OBL =0 A51O A2>9 :@5AB,  :@5AB B@C4>2, A:>@159, ;8H5=89. "0:>3> 65 ?>4286=8G5AB20 B@51C5B >B =0A 8 A2. 0?>AB>; 025;, :>340 2=CH05B 2A5< 25@CNI8< A>2;5GLAO 25BE>3> G5;>25:0 A 45O=L<8 53> 8 >1;5GLAO 1 =>2>3> (>;. 3, 9-10), C<5@B28BL 75<=K5 G;5=K A2>8 (>;. 3, 5), @0A?OBL ?;>BL A2>N A> AB@0ABO<8 8 ?>E>BO<8 (0;. 5, 24). >4286=8G5AB2>, 70?>2540==>5, 4;O 2A5E >1O70B5;L=>5, =5 B>;L:> =5 ?@>B82=> ?@8@>45 =0H59, => 8 A>25@H5==> A@>4=> 8AB8==>9 ?@8@>45 G5;>25G5A:>9. => 8A?@02;O5B =0H8 4CH8, 2>72KH05B 8 CA>25@H05B =0HC 4CE>2=CN 687=L. ! !  ! @5?>4>1=K5 0@A>=>D89 8 >0==.  >340 A;CG8BAO B515 1KBL A <8@O=0<8, 8 >=8 =0G=CB ?@074=>A;>28BL, B>, 5A;8 =5 8<55HL >A>1>9 =C64K, C948; 0 :>340 1C45B =04>1=>ABL, B> >1@0B8AL C<>< : <>;8B25 A2>59, =5 >AC640O 8E, => ?>7=020O A2>N =5<>IL. ?@>G5<, 5A;8 >=8 @0A?>;>65=K : B515, 8 BK 7=05HL, GB> >=8 >E>B=> A;CH0NB A;>2> >685, ?>?KB09AO ?5@5<5=8BL MBC ?CABCN 15A54C =0 ?>;57=CN, @0AA:0702 8< GB>-;81> 87 68B8O A2OBKE. #"    @5?>4>1=K9 >0== 0AA80=.  5 2=5H=53> 2@030 =04>1=> 1>OBLAO, 2@03 =0H 70:;NG5= 2 =0A A0<8E. >G5<C 8 2545BAO 2 =0A =5?@5AB0==> 2=CB@5==OO 2>9=0. 45@68 <K 2 =59 ?>154C  8 2A5 2=5H=85 1@0=8 A45;0NBAO =8GB>6=K<8, 8 2A5 AB0=5B C 2>8=0 %@8AB>20 <8@=>, 8 2A5 5<C ?>:>@=>. 5G53> 1C45B 1>OBLAO 2@030 A> 2=5, :>340 B>, GB> 5ABL 2=CB@8 =0A, 1K2 ?>15645=>, ?>:>@8BAO 4CEC  !!   # @5?>4>1=K9 >0== 5AB28G=8:.  !?@0H820;8 <5=O <8@O=5: «0: <K, 682O A 65=0<8 8 A?;5B0OAL <8@A:8<8 ?>?5G5=8O<8, <>65< :>A=CBLAO A>25@H5==59H59 687=8?» / >B25B8; 8<: «A5 4>1@>5, GB> B>;L:> <>65B5 45;0BL, 45;09B5: =8:>3> =5 >AC6409B5, =5 A:@04K209B5, =8:><C =5 ;38B5, =8 ?@54 :5< =5 2>7=>A8B5AL, =8 : :><C =5 8<59B5 =5=028AB8, =5 >AB02;O9B5 F5@:>2=KE A>1@0=89, : =C640NI8<AO 1C4LB5 <8;>A5@4=K, =8:>3> =5 A>1;07=O9B5, =5 :0A09B5AL GC6>9 G5AB8 8 A>E@0=O9B5 25@=>ABL 65=0< 20H8<.  A;8 B0: 1C45B5 ?>ABC?0BL, B> =5 40;5:> 1C45B5 >B &0@AB28O 515A=03>»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«@A5=89, 4;O G53> 2KH5; BK 87 <8@0?» @5?. A00: !8@88.  57 C40;5=8O >B <8@0 =8:B> =5 <>65B ?@81;878BLAO : >3C. #40;5=85< 65 =07K20N O =5 ?5@5A5;5=85 B5;><, => CAB@0=5=85 >B <8@A:8E 45;. >1@>45B5;L C40;5=8O >B <8@0 A>AB>8B 2 B><, GB>1K =5 70=8<0BL C<0 A2>53> <8@><.  ><=8 8AE>4OI89 2> A;54 >30 2> 2AO :>5 2@5<O ?>42830 A2>53> =0G0;> 8 ?5@2CN @52=>ABL ?@8 2ABC?;5=88 =0 ?CBL A59 8 B5 ?;0<5=5NI85 ?><KA;K, A :0:8<8 8AH5; BK 2 ?5@2K9 @07 87 4><0 A2>53> 8 AB0; 2 2>8=A:85 @O4K. !!# @5?>4>1=K8 >0== 5AB28G=8:.  0AAC645=85 5ABL 25@=>5 ?>AB865=85 2>;8 >6859 2> 2AO:>5 2@5<O, 2> 2AO:>< <5AB5 8 2> 2AO:>9 25I8; >=> 1K205B B>;L:> 2 G8ABKE A5@4F5<. @5?. =B>=8= 5;8:89.  ><=8BL =5?@5AB0==> 4>;6=> ;N4O< @0AAC48B5;L=K<, GB> ?>4J5<;O 2 687=8 A59 =51>;LH85 8 <0;>2@5<5==K5 B@C4K, ?>A;5 A<5@B8 ?>;CG8< <K 25;8G09H55 CB5H5=85 8 1;065=AB2> 25G=>5.  >@NI89AO A> AB@0ABL<8 8 65;0NI89 1KBL C25=G0==K< >B >30, 5A;8 ?045B, 40 =5 <0;>4CH5AB2C5B 8 =5 >AB05BAO 2 ?045=88 A5<, >BG0820OAL 2 A515; => 2>AAB02, >?OBL ?CABL 1>@5BAO 8 701>B8BAO ?>;CG8BL 25=5F, 4> ?>A;54=53> 874KE0=8O 2>AAB020O >B A;CG0NI8EAO ?045=89. "5;5A=K5 B@C4K ACBL >@C48O 4>1@>45B5;59 8 A?0A8B5;L=K 4;O 4CH8.  N48 >1KG=> 8<5=CNBAO C<=K<8 ?> =5?@028;L=><C C?>B@51;5=8N A53> A;>20. 5 B5 C<=K, :>B>@K5 87CG8;8 87@5G5=8O 8 ?8A0=8O 4@52=8E <C4@5F>2, => B5, C :>B>@KE 4CH0 C<=0, :>B>@K5 <>3CB @0AAC48BL: GB> 4>1@> 8 GB> 7;>; 8 7;>3> 8 4CH52@54=>3> C1530NB, 0 > 4>1@>< 8 4CH5?>;57=>< @07C<=> @045NB 8 45;0NB B> A 25;8:8< : >3C 1;03>40@5=85<. -B8 >4=8, ?>8AB8=5, 4>;6=K 8<5=>20BLAO C<=K<8 ;N4L<8. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  07C<=>5 C?>B@51;5=85 ?><KH;5=89 8 25I59 4>AB02;O5B F5;><C4@85, ;N1>2L 8 2545=85, 0 =5@07C<=>5  =52>745@60=85, =5=028ABL 8 =52545=85. A5 @07C<=>5 8 C<=>5 1KB85 @0745;5=> =042>5, B. 5. =0 0=35;LA:>5 8 G5;>25G5A:>5 5AB5AB2>,  8 2A5 5AB5AB2> 0=35;LA:>5 @0745;5=> >?OBL =0 420 3;02=K5 =@02AB25==K5 A>N70 8 >1I5AB20: =0 A2OB>5 8 ?@>:;OB>5, B. 5. =0 A2OBK5 A8;K 8 =5G5AB82KE 45<>=>2; 8 25AL @>4 G5;>25G5A:89 @0745;O5BAO B>;L:> =0 420 A>N70, B. 5. =0 1;03>G5AB82KE 8 =5G5AB82KE.  > 2A5<, GB> <K 45;05<,  >3 278@05B =0 F5;L, 4;O 53> ;8 8;8 4;O G53> 4@C3>3> <K B> 45;05<. >G5<C, :>340 E>B8< A45;0BL GB> 4>1@>5, 1C45< 8<5BL F5;LN =5 G5;>25:>C3>485, => 1>3>C3>645=85, GB>1K, =0 53> 2A5340 278@0O, 2A5 45;0BL 4;O 53>, 8=0G5 8 <K B@C4 2AC5 ?>=5A5<, 8 <74C ?>3C18<. >3 A>740; =52848<K9 <8@ 8 2848<K9; 8 4CHC 8 B5;> = B0:65 A>B2>@8;.  5A;8 <8@ 2848<K9 AB>;L ?@5:@0A5=, B> :0:>2 65 =52848<K9? A;8 65 B>B ;CGH5 MB>3>, B> A:>;L ?@52KH5 8E >1>8E A>7402H89 >3. A;8 B5?5@L "2>@5F 2A5E 4>1@>B, ;CGH5 2A53> A>B2>@5==>3>, B> ?> :0:>9 ?@8G8=5 C<, >AB0282 ;CGH55 2A53>, 70=8<05BAO 2A53> EC4H8<, B. 5. ?;>BA:8<8 AB@0ABO<8? 5 O2=> ;8 >BB>3>, GB> : MB><C ?@82K:, >B @>645=8O >1@0I0OAL A =8<8, 0 B>3>, GB> ;CGH5 8 2KH5 2A53>, A>2A5< 5I5 =5 8A?KB0;. "0:8< >1@07><, 5A;8 4>;3>2@5<5==K< 2>745@60=85< >B GC2AB25==KE C4>2>;LAB289 8 ?>CG5=85< 2 >65AB25==>< <0;>-?><0;C <K >BB>@305< 53> >B B0:>9 ?@82KG:8, B> >=, ?>=5<=>3C ?@5CA?520O 2 A5<, @0A?>;>68BAO : >65AB25==><C 8 A>1AB25==>5 A2>5 ?>7=05B 4>AB>8=AB2>, 8 =0:>=5F, 8 2AN ?@825@65==>ABL A2>N ?5@5=5A5B : >3C.  ABL G5BK@5 3;02=KE 2840 >AB02;5=8O >68O: 8=>5 >AB02;5=85 ?@><KA;8B5;L=>5, :0: B> 1K;> A !0<8< >A?>4><, 401K :06CI8<AO >AB02;5=85< A?0AB8 >AB02;O5<KE; 8=>5  8A?KB0B5;L=>5, :0: 1K;> A >2>< 8 >A8D><, 401K O28BL >4=>3> AB>;?>< <C65AB20, 4@C3>3>  F5;><C4@8O; 8=>5  4CE>2=>-2>A?8B0B5;L=>5, :0: B> 1K;> A 0?>AB>;>< 5B@><, 401K A<8@5==><C4@85< A>E@0=8BL 2 =5< ?@5871KB>: 1;03>40B8; 8=>5  >AB02;5=85 ?> >B2@0I5=8N, :0: B> 1K;> A 8C45O<8, 401K =0:070=85< >1@0B8BL : ?>:0O=8N. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  5 A>>1I09 4@C3><C, G53> A0< =5 8A?KB0;, GB>1K =5 1K;> B515 ABK4=> A51O A0<>3> 8 ?> A;8G5=88 68B8O B2>53> =5 >B:@K;0AL ;>6L B2>O. '  ! ;065==K9 804>E.  0: B><C, :B> =5 ?@>A25I5= 2 CE5, =5 4>;6=> :0A0BLAO 4CE>2=KE A>75@F0=89, B0: 8 B><C, :B> 1>30B> >A8O205BAO 1;03>40BLN !2OB>3> CE0, =5 ?>4>105B ?@8ABC?0BL : 15A545 > =8E: 81> B0< A:C4=>ABL A25B;KE ?><KH;5=89 >1;5:05B C< <@0:>< =52545=8O, 0 745AL >18;85 8E =5 405B 3>2>@8BL, B.:. 2 MBC ?>@C 4CH0, C?820OAL ;N1>2LN >685N, 65;05B 157<>;2=> =0A;0640BLAO ;N1>2LN >A?>40.  >340 4CH0 3=52>< ?>428305BAO ?@>B82 AB@0AB59, 2540BL =04;568B, GB> B>340 2@5<O <>;G0BL, 81> B> 5ABL G0A 1@0=8. >340 65 C2848B :B>, GB> MB> 2>7<CI5=85 <>;8B2>N ;8, <8;>ABK=5N ;8 C;53;>AL, B>340 ?CABL CABC?05B 2;5G5=8N ;N128 : 87@5G5=8N >65AB25==KE A;>25A, A45@6820O, >4=0:> 6, :@K;LO C<0 C70<8 A<8@5=8O; 81>, 5A;8 :B> =5 A<8@8B A51O :@09=5 A0<>C=8G865=85<, B> =5 <>65B 4>AB>9=> @073;03>;LAB2>20BL > 25;8G88 >685<.  0: 425@8 2 10=5, G0AB> @0AB2>@O5<K5, A:>@> 2K?CA:0NB 2=CB@5==NN B5?;>BC 2>2=5, B0: 8 2A5 E>@>H55, :>340 <=>3> :B> 3>2>@8B, E>BO 1K 3>2>@8; 2A5 E>@>H55, 8A?CA:05B ?0<OBL A2>N (A>7=0B5;L=>5 A>AB>O=85 2 AB@>5 4CE>2=KE 25I59) A;>25A=>N 425@LN. B A53> C< ;8H05BAO, =0:>=5F, G8AB59H8E ?><KH;5=89 8 ?> 15A?>@O4>G=><C =0?;K2C ?><KA;>2 A<OB5==CN 2545B @5GL : ?@8;CG82H8<AO.  B0:>< A;CG05 >= =5 8<55B C65 CE0 !2OB>3>, E@0=OI53> =0HC <KA;L 2 =5<5GB0=88: 81> A59 CE ;03>9, :0: GC64K9 2AO:>3> <OB560 8 <5GB0=8O, 15305B <=>3>A;>28O. >;G0=85 65, =0?@>B82, 1;03>B2>@=>, 1C4CG8 <0B5@LN ?@5<C4@KE ?><KH;5=89.  =>3>A;>285 157<5@=> @0AA58205B C< 8 =5 B>;L:> : 4CE>2=><C 45;0=8N B2>@8B 53> =5A?>A>1=K<, => 8 ?@5405B 2 @C:8 15A0 C=K=8O, :>B>@K9, <0;>-?><0;C @0AA;0182 53>, ?5@540AB ?>B>< 53> 15AC 157<5@=>9 ?5G0;8, 8 =0:>=5F, 8 15AC 3=520. @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:8=.  K205B 8=>340, GB> 2> 2@5<O A>1@0=8O 1@0B88 ?@>@K205BAO BI5A;02=K9 ?><KA; A:070BL GB>-;81> =5 2>2@5<O. =35;LA:85 65 ?><KA;K 2=CH0NB A515 ?@>3=0BL MB>B 1>;B;82K9 1572@5<5==K9 ?><KA;. B0:, 5A;8 BK =5 ?@>3>=8HL 53> 4>1@K< <>;G0=85<, 0 ?>72>;8HL 5<C ?@>9B8 =0@C6C, =0?KI5= 1K2 :8G5=85<, B> 4>;65= 1C45HL ?>=5AB8 EC4K5 >B B>3> ?>A;54AB28O, ?@0254=> ?@540= 1C4CG8 8;8 1>;LH5<C 5I5 3@5EC, 8;8 2=5H=8< :0:8< ?@8A:>@1=>ABO<, 8;8 BO65;K< =5?@8OB=>ABO< A> AB>@>=K 1@0B88, 8;8 <CG5=8N 2 1C4CI5< 25:5, 81> 8 > ?@074=>< 8 BI5A;02=>< A;>25, ?@>87=5A5==>< ?> =5>1C740==>AB8 O7K:0, >B4048< <K >BG5B. >A5<C BI0B5;L=> 4>;6=K <K 1;NAB8 O7K: A2>9.  4=> 4>1@>5 A;>2> A45;0;> =5:>340 =5?>B@51=>3> >=>3> @071>9=8:0 G8ABK< 8 A2OBK< 8 2 @09 B>3> 225;>.  >4=> =54>1@>5 A;>2> 703@048;> >8A5N 2E>4 2 75<;N >15B>20==CN. 5 1C45< 65 ?>G8B0BL O7K:>1>;85 <0;>N 1>;57=LN, 81> 7;>@5G82K5 8 AC5A;>2=K5 70:;NG0NB 4;O A51O &0@AB2> 515A=>5. @5?. $8;>D59 !8=09A:89.  5B =8G53> @07>@8B5;L=>5 <=>3>A;>28O 8 7;>2@54=55 =52>745@60==>3> O7K:0 8 =8GB> B0: A8;L=> =5 @0AAB@08205B 8 =5 8AB@51;O5B 1>30BAB2> 4CH52=>5. 1>, GB> :064K9 45=L A>78405< 2 A515, B> <=>3>A;>285 A=>20 @07>@O5B, 8 GB> B@C4>< A>18@05<, B> G@57 O7K:>1>;85 4CH0 A=>20 @0AB>G05B. 'B> EC65 O7K:0 =52>745@6=>3>? =  =5>45@68<>5 7;>. 04>1=> ?>;>68BL 5<C ?@545;, >1C740BL 53> 8 AB5A=8BL; 8, A:06C B0:, 70AB028BL 53> A;C68BL B>;L:> =C645. ;>4>< =5C<5AB=KE ?CABKE 15A54 1K205B 8=>340 65 C:>@ 8 >A<5O=85, :>340 707@OB >=8 =5@07C<85 @5G59 =0H8E, 8=>340 >A:25@=5=85 A>25AB8, 0 8=>340 >AC645=85 >B >30 8 >?5G0;5=85 CE0 !2OB>3>, GB> C60A=55 2A53> 4@C3>3>. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  AO:89 87=>AOI89 87 CAB A2>8E ?>;57=K5 : A>7840=8N 1;86=53> A;>20, 87 1;03>3> A>:@>28I0 A5@4F0 A2>53> 87=>A8B 8E, ?> A;>2C >A?>40 (D. 12, 35). > =8:B> =5 <>65B 2>9B8 2 1>3>A;>285 8 A:070BL ?>4>10NI55 > >35, :0: B>;L:> CE>< !2OBK<; 8 =8:B> CE>< >688< 3>2>@OI89 =5 3>2>@8B B>3>, GB> ?@>B82=> 25@5 2> %@8AB0, => >4=> B>, GB> =078405B, GB> : >3C 2>72>48B 8 2 &0@AB285 3> 22>48B, 4@52=55 1;03>@>4AB2> 2>AAB0=>2;O5B 8 A >3>< A>548=O5B. A;8 B5?5@L O2;5=85 CE0 :064><C 405BAO =0 ?>;L7C (1 >@. 12, 7), B> >1>30B82H89AO A;>2>< ?@5<C4@>AB8 >6859 8 1;03CN G0ABL A;>20 07C<0 ?@8O2H89 A>AB>8B ?>4 459AB285< >65AB25==>3> CE0 8 5ABL E@0< =58AB>I8<KE A>:@>28I >688E. =>:8 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.  'B> B515 4>;6=> 1KBL <>;G0;82C, ?>@O4>: A;>20 ?>=C6405B =0A A:070BL B515, 8 > A5< 3>2>@8B A2. A00: !8@88: «0G5 2A53> 2>7;N18 <>;G0=85, ?>B><C GB> ?@81;8605B B51O : ?;>4C.  O7K: =5<>I5= 87>1@078BL 53>. !?5@20 1C45< ?@8=C640BL A51O : <>;G0=8N, 8 B>340 >B <>;G0=8O @>48BAO 4;O =0A =5GB>, ?@82>4OI55 : A0<><C <>;G0=8N. 0 ?>40AB B515 >3 >ICB8BL A85 =5GB>, ?@82>4OI55 : A0<><C <>;G0=8N; 40 ?>40AB B515 >3 >ICB8BL A85 =5GB>, @>6405<>5 <>;G0=85<. >, 5A;8 =0G=5HL A8< 68B85< 68B5;LAB2>20BL, B> =5 C<5N 8 A:070BL, A:>;L:> A25B0 2>AA8O5B B515 >BAN40. >340 =0 >4=C AB>@>=C ?>;>68HL 2A5 45;0 68B8O A53> (157<>;2=8G5A:>3>), 0 =0 4@C3CN <>;G0=85, B> =0945HL, GB> >=> ?5@5BO38205B =0 25A0E». >;G0=85 5ABL B09=0 1C4CI53> 25:0, 0 A;>2>  >@C485 MB>3> <8@0. B> 2>71@0=O5B CAB0< A2>8< ?5@5AC640BL, B>B E@0=8B A5@4F5 A2>5 >B AB@0AB59, B>B 565G0A=> 7@8B >A?>40.  A2. @A5=8N >65AB25==K9 3;0A 2> 2B>@>9 @07 B0: 70:>=>?>;>68;: «@A5=85! 15309, <>;G8, ?@51K209 2 157<>;288, 81> 2 MB>< :>@=8 1573@5H=>AB8». !2. D@5< !8@88.  04>1=> 871530BL 15A?>;57=KE 15A54 8 =5 8<5BL >1@0I5=8O A =51@53CI8<8 > AB@0E5 >685<, ?>B><C GB> =8G53> =5 3>2>@OB >=8 ?>;57=>3>, =8G53> =5 45;0NB 4;O >A?>40: =5 3>2>@OB =8 > 4>1@>45B5;8, =8 > 1;03>3>25=88, =8 > G8AB>B5. 5G8 8E  A<5@BL A<5@B=0O, A>25B 8E  1574=0 04>20, A>>1I5AB2> 8E  4CH52=0O ?03C10. !22. 0@A>=>D89 8 >0==.  >;G0=85 ;CGH5 8 C4828B5;L=55 2AO:8E 15A54 =07840B5;L=KE. 3> ?>G8B0;8 8 ;>1K70;8 >BFK =0H8 8 8< ?@>A;028;8AL. > :0: <K ?> ?@8G8=5 =0H59 =5<>I8 5I5 =5 4>AB83;8 B>3>, GB>1K E>48BL ?CB5< A>25@H5==KE, B> 1C45< 15A54>20BL > B><, GB> A;C68B : =07840=8N 8 15A54>20BL, AAK;0OAL =0 >B5G5A:85 A;>20, 0 =5 24020OAL 2 87JOA=5=85 ?8A0=89; 81> 45;> A85 ?@54AB02;O5B =5<0;CN >?0A=>ABL 4;O =5A254CI8E. 8A0=85 87@5G5=> 4CE>2=>, 0 G5;>25: ?;>BA:>9 =5 <>65B @07C<5BL 4CE>2=>3>. CGH5 1C45< ?@81530BL 2 15A545 : A;>20< >B5G5A:8< 8 =0945< ?>;L7C, 2 =8E 70:;NG0NICNAO. > 8<8 1C45< ?>;L7>20BLAO C<5@5==>, 2A?><8=0O A:0702H53>: >B .<=>3>A;>28O =5 871568H8 8 3@5E0 (@8BG. 10, 19).  GB>1K =5 2?0ABL ?@8 A5< 2 2KA>:>C<85 8 A0<>E20;LAB2> ?><KA;>2, 1C45< 45@60BL 2 <KA;8, GB> =5 8A?>;=82H8 45;>< B>3>, GB> 3>2>@8<, 3>2>@8< B> =0 >AC645=85 A515.  A;8 <>;G0=85 ?@87=05BAO ?>;57=59H8< 4>1@KE 15A54, B> B5< ?0G5 >=> 1>;55 ?>;57=> 15A54 > 25I0E A@54=8E. >, :>340 =5 <>65< C<>;G0BL, 0 C2;5:05<AO 2 @073>2>@ > ?>4>1=KE ?@54<5B0E, B>, ?> :@09=59 <5@5, =5 1C45< 4;8BL 15A54K, GB>1K >B <=>3>A;>28O =5 2?0ABL 2 :0:CN-;81> A5BL 2@068N.  A;8, =0G02 15A54C, A?>E20B8HLAO, GB> >=8 3@5H=K, ?@5A5:8 55, A:0702: =5B, >1 MB>< =5 1C45< 3>2>@8BL, 8;8, ?><>;G02 =5<=>3>, A:068: 701K;, > G5< O =0G0; @5GL, 8 ?5@52548 55 =0 4@C3>5  1573@5H=>5. @5?. A00:. !8@88.  0: >B G@52>C3>48O @>6405BAO <OB56 ?><KA;>2, B0: >B <=>3>A;>28O 8 15AG8==KE 15A54  15AA<KA;85 8 2KABC?;5=85 C<0 87 A2>53> G8=0.  1;0:0 70:@K20NB A>;=F5, 0 <=>3>3;03>;0=85 ?>B5<=O5B 4CHC, :>B>@0O =0G0;0 ?@>A25I0BLAO <>;8B25==K< A>75@F0=85<.  @074=>ABL ?>G8B09 =0G0;>< ><@0G5=8O 4CH8; ><@0G5=85< 65 =0 ><@0G5=85  AE>418I0 4;O 15A54. A;8 8 ?>;57=K5 @5G8, :>340 =5B 8< <5@K, ?@>872>4OB ><@0G5=85, B> :>;L<8 ?0G5 @5G8 AC5B=K5. CH0 45;05BAO =8GB>6=>N >B <=>65AB20 ?@>4>;68B5;L=KE 15A54.  0: ?@8OB=0 15A540 A 4CE>2=K<8 =0H8<8 1@0BLO<8, 5A;8 B>;L:> <>6=> A>E@0=8BL ?@8 =59 8 A>15A54>20=85 A >3><.  1> C< =5 4>AB0B>G5= : B><C, GB>1K 25AB8 420 A>15A54>20=8O.  A;8 A>E@0=8HL O7K: A2>9, B> >B >30 40ABAO B515 1;03>40BL A5@45G=>3> C<8;5=8O, GB>1K 2 =5< C2845BL B515 4CHC A2>N 8 8< 2>9B8 2 4CE>2=CN @04>ABL. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  =>3>@5G82K9 G5;>25: =5 >AB02;O5B 2 A515 <5AB0 CEC !2OB><C  >1C48< A51O :@5?:CN ?@8AB028BL AB@06C : CAB0< A2>8<, GB>1K > :><-;81> =5 A:070BL G53>-;81> EC4>3>, 81> EC40O @5GL EC65 2AO:>3> O40. A5 @0=K 70;5G820NBAO, 0 @0=0 >B O7K:0 =5 8<55B 2@0G520=8O. /7K: =5>AB>@>6=>3> >AC640B5;O, 42868<K9 4802>;><, O4>28B55 O7K:0 7<88=0, ?>B><C GB> >= 2>71C6405B A20@K 8 3>@L:85 2@064>20=8O A@548 1@0B88, A55B <OB568 8 7;>459AB20 <564C <8@=K<8 8 @0AA55205B <=>3>;N4=K5 >1I5AB20... N1OI89 <>;G0=85 ?@51K205B 1;87 >30 8 =35;>2 3> 8 2 2KH=8E <5AB> 53>.   A>15A54>20=8OE =5 4>;6=> 1KBL =8:0:>9 3@C1>AB8, 81> C<=KE ;N459 >1K:=>25==> C:@0H0NB A:@><=>ABL 8 F5;><C4@85 1>;55, G5< 452. >3>;N182K9 C< 5ABL A25B >A8O2H89 4CHC, :0: A>;=F5  B5;>.  !;>2> 5ABL A;C30 C<0. 'B> E>G5B C<, B> 8 A;>2> 2K@0605B. >2>@OI89 =5A<KA;5==> =5 8<55B C<0, 81> 3>2>@8B, =8G53> =5 4C<0O. ><=8, GB> >B A;>2 8 A;020, 8 C=865=85. !;>2> C<=>5 8 4CH5?>;57=>5 5ABL 40@ >689; =0?@>B82, A;>2> ?CAB>?>@>6=55, E>BOI55 >?@545;8BL <5@C 8 @0AAB>O=85 =510 8 75<;8, 25;8G8=C A>;=F0 8 72574 5ABL 87>1@5B5=85 G5;>25:0, 2AC5 B@C4OI53>AO, :>B>@K9 ?> ?CAB><C A0<><=5=8N 8I5B B>3>, GB> =8:0:>9 5<C =5 ?@8=>A8B ?>;L7K, :0: 1K 65;0O @5H5B>< 70G5@?=CBL 2>4K, MB>3> ;N4O< =5B 2>7<>6=>AB8 =09B8.  "5, :>B>@K5 3>2>@OB 2A5, GB> =8 ?@8E>48B 8< 2 3>;>2C, ?>E>4OB =0 42>@ 157 2>@>B, =0 :>B>@K9 2E>48B :B> =8 70E>G5B, ?>4E>48B : AB>9;C 8 >B2O7K205B >A;0.   "+ 220 $0;0AA89.  8:B> ?CABL =5 4C<05B, GB> >= 459AB28B5;L=> A45;0;AO G04>< >688<, 5A;8 =5 ABO60; 2 A515 >65A:8E G5@B. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  >1@5 8 15AA?>@=> 25@=> A:070;8 >BFK, GB> =5 =0945B G5;>25: ?>:>O 8=0G5, :0: ABO602 8 CB25@482 2 A515 2=CB@5==59H55 @0A?>;>65=85, GB> 2 <8@5 B>;L:> 8 5ABL, GB> >3; 40 >=, >B=N4L =8 : G5<C =5 >1@0I0OAL C<>< A2>8<, => 3> 48=>3> 2>645;520O 8 : =5<C ?@8;5?;5==K< ?@51K20O, B0:>9 2>8AB8=C, =0945B ?>:>9 8 A2>1>4C >B B8@0=AB20 AB@0AB59 (A. 62, 9). @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  > 2AO:>< >1@075 ?@51;065==0 687=L, 2> 2A5E 45;0E 8 45O=8OE 254><0O 4;O >30 8 ?> >3C.  !B>9 2=8<0=85< 2=CB@8 A51O A0<>3> (=5 2 3>;>25, 0 2 A5@4F5). "0< 8<59 C< A2>9, AB0@0OAL 2AOG5A:8 >1@5AB8 <5AB>, 345 A5@4F5, GB>1K >1@5BH8 53>, B0< C65 2A5F5;> ?@51K20; C< B2>9. #<, ?>42870OAL 2 A5<, C;CG8B <5AB> A5@4F0. -B> A;CG8BAO, :>340 1;03>40BL 40AB A;04>ABL 8 B5?;>BC <>;8B25==CN. ! A53> 65 <><5=B0 8 ?>B><, A :0:>9 1K AB>@>=K =8 2>7=8: 8 =8 ?>:070;AO :0:>9-;81> ?><KA;, ?@5645 G5< 2>945B >= 2=CB@L 8 ?><KA;8BAO 8;8 2>>1@078BAO, C< B>BG0A ?@>3>=O5B 53> >BBC40 8 C=8GB>605B 8<5=5< 8ACA>2K<, B. 5: >A?>48 8ACA5 %@8AB5, ?><8;C9 <O! ! A53> B0:65 2@5<5=8 C< G5;>25:0 =0G8=05B 8<5BL 7;>1C 8 =5=028ABL : 45<>=0<, ?>4=8<05B =0 =8E =5?@5AB0==CN 2>9=C 8 ?>@0605B. @>G55 65 (>1K:=>25==> ?>A;54C5B 70 A8< 45;0=85< A >685N ?><>ILN) A0< C7=05HL 87 >?KB0 ?>A@54AB2>< 2=8<0=8O C<0 8 45@60 2 A5@4F5 8ACA0, B. 5. <>;8B2C 3>.  =5:B> 87 >BF>2 3>2>@8B: «!848 2 :5;88 A2>59 8 >=0 =0CG8B B51O 2A5<C».  !", ;065==K9 8>4>E.  8:B>, A;KH0 > GC2AB25 C<0, 40 =5 2>>1@0605B 1C4B> A;>2> >685 O2;O5BAO 5<C GC2AB25==>. K 3>2>@8<, GB> 4CH0, :>340 1K205B G8AB0, =587@5G5==K< =5:88< 2=CH5=85< >ICI05B >65AB25==>5 CB5H5=85, => =5 B0:, GB>1K ?@8 A5< GC2AB25==> O2;O;>AL 59 GB>-;81> 87 =52848<>3>: 81> =K=5 <K E>48< 25@>N, 0 =5 2845=85<, :0: 3>2>@8; 0?>AB>; 025; (2 >@. 5, 7). >G5<C, :>340 :><C-;81> 87 ?>42870NI8EAO O28BAO A25B, 8;8 7@0: :0:>9 >3=5284=K9, 8;8 3;0A, ?CABL >= =8 ?>4 :0:8< 284>< =5 ?@8=8<05B 70 8AB8==>5 B0:>5 O2;5=85. 1> MB> 5ABL O2=> ?@5;5ABL 2@068O, 8 <=>385, A :>B>@K<8 MB> A;CG0;>AL, ?> =52545=8N, A1820;8AL A ?CB8 8AB8==>3>. K 65 7=05<, GB> ?>:0 6825< AB@0==8G5A:8 2 B;5==>< B5;5 A5<, CAB@0=5=K >B >30 (2 >@. 5, 6), B. 5. =5 8<55< 2>7<>6=>AB8 2848<> 2845BL =8 3>, =8 482=KE 25I59 3> ?@5=515A=KE. @5?. @83>@89 !8=08B.  '0AB> 8=>9, @073;03>;LAB2CO >1 8AB8=5, >B =52565AB20 A2>53> 3>2>@8B >4=> 2<5AB> 4@C3>3>, =5 C<5O A:070BL ?@028;L=>, :0: 45;> 5ABL, 8 B5< ?@82>48B 2 C60A A;CH0NI8E, 0 =0 157<>;2=8:>2 =02>48B ?>=>H5=85 8 A<5E =5@07C<=K< A2>8< 459AB2>20=85<.  B><, GB> =>2>=0G0;L=K5 >H810NBAO 8 ?>A;5 <=>38E B@C4>2, =8G53> =5B 482=>3>: B0: A;CG8;>AL A> <=>38<8, >30 8ICI8<8, 8 =K=5, 8 2 ?@56=85 2@5<5=0. "I0B5;L=> 8 @07C<=> 2=8<09, ;N18B5;L >689. >340, 45;0O A2>5 45;>, C2848HL A25B 8;8 >3>=L 2=5 8;8 2=CB@8 8;8 ;8: :0:>9, %@8AB0, =0?@., 8;8 =35;0, 8;8 4@C3>3> :>3>, =5 ?@8=8<09 B>3>, GB>1K =5 ?>B5@?5BL 2@540.  A0< >B A51O =5 AB@>9 2>>1@065=89, 8 :>B>@K5 A0<8 AB@>OBAO, =5 2=8<09 B5< 8 =5 ?>72>;O9 =0?5G0B;520BL 8E 2 A515. 1> 2A5 A85, A> 2=5 1C4CG8 ?5G0B;55<> 8 2>>1@0605<>, A;C68B : ?@5;LI5=8N 4CH8. AB8==>5 =0G0;> <>;8B2K 5ABL A5@45G=0O B5?;>B0, ?>?0;ONI0O AB@0AB8, >B@04C 8 @04>ABL 2A5;ONI0O 2 A5@4F5 =5?>:>;518<>< 2>7;N1;5=85< 8 CB25@640NI0O A5@4F5 =5A><=5==K< C4>AB>25@5=85<. A5 ?@8E>4OI55 2 4CHC, 3>2>@OB >BFK, 8725AB=>5 ;8 B> 8;8 4CE>2=>5, :>;L A:>@> A><=5205BAO 2 =5< A5@4F5, =5 ?@85<;O 53>, =5 >B >30 5ABL, => ?>A;0=> >B 2@030. >340 B0:65 C2848HL C< A2>9 2>2=5 8;8 2 2KA>BC 2;5:><K< >B =5:>59 =52848<>9 A8;K,  =5 25@L A5<C 8 =5 ?>?CA:09 C<C 2;5:><><C 1KBL, => B>BG0A ?>=C4L 53> =0 45;> 53>. 'B> >B >30, B> A0<> A>1>9 ?@8E>48B, B>340 :0: BK 8 2@5<5=8 B>3> =5 7=05HL, E>BO 8 2@03 2=CB@L G@5A; ?>:CH05BAO ?@87@0G=> ?@54AB02;OBL 4CE>2=>5, >4=> ?@54;030O 2<5AB> 4@C3>3>, 2<5AB> B5?;>BK =02>4O 665=85 =5AB@>9=>5, 2<5AB> 25A5;8O @04>ABL 2>71C640O 15AA;>25A=CN 8 A;0ABL <>:@>B=CN, 8 CA?5205B C:@K20BL A51O 70 A8<8 ?@5;LI5=8O<8 >B =5>?KB=KE. > 2@5<O, >?KB 8 GC2AB2> >1K:=>25==> >1=0@C6820NB 53> ?5@54 B5<8, :>8< =5157K725AB=K 53> 7;K5 :>7=8. >@B0=L 1@0H=0 @07;8G05B, 3>2>@8B 8A0=85 (>2. 34, 3). "0: 8 2:CA 4CE>2=K9 2A5 OA=> ?>:07K205B, :0: >=> 5ABL, =5 ?>425@30OAL ?@5;LI5=8N. !22. 0;;8AB 8 3=0B89.  57<>;2AB2CO 8 65;0O >48= 1KBL, A 48=K< >3><, =8:>340 =5 ?@8=8<09, 5A;8 C2848HL GB>-;81> GC2AB25==>5 8;8 <KA;5==>5, 2=CB@L B51O 8;8 2=5,  ;8: %@8AB0 8;8 =35;0, 8;8 >1@07 A2OB>3>, 8;8 A25B>2>5 2>>1@065=85, <5GB05<>5 C<><. > =5 25@L A5<C A =53>4>20=85<, E>BO 1K B> 8 4@C3>5 GB> 1K;>, ?@5645 G5< 2>?@>A8BL :>3>-;81> 87 >?KB=KE: GB> 5ABL 45;> A0<>5 ?>;57=>5 8 >3C ;N157=>5 8 1;03>?@8OB=>5. %@0=8 65 C< A2>9 2A5340 15AF25B=K<, 157>1@07=K<, 157284=K<, 15AD>@<5==K<, 15A:0G5AB25==K<, 15A:>;8G5AB25==K<, 2=8<0NI8< >4=8< A;>20< <>;8B2K, ?>CG0NI8<AO 8 >1 =8E @07<KH;ONI5< 2 A5@45G=>< 2=CB@L 42865=88. . #   % ;065==K9 804>E.  ;0 =5B 2 5AB5AB25 8 =5B =8:>3> 7;>3> ?> 5AB5AB2C, 81> >3 =5 A>B2>@8; =8G53> 7;>3>. >, :>340 :B> A ?>E>B5=85< A5@45G=K< 2=>A8B 2 A51O >1@07 7;0, B>340 >=>, =5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> =5 5ABL 2 5AB5AB25, =0G8=05B 1KBL 2 B0:>< 2845, :0: 2>765;0; A53> B>B, :B> B0: 45;05B. >G5<C 4>;6=> A> 2A5< BI0=85<, =5?@5AB0==> ?0<OBCO > >35, =5 2=8<0BL >1KG=K< ?>7K20< =0 7;>, 81> 4>1@>, ACI55 2 5AB5AB25, <>3CI5AB25==55 7;0, ?@81K20NI53> 2 5AB5AB2> A> 2=5 G@57 =02K:, B0: :0: B> 5ABL, 0 MB>3> =5B, @0725 B>;L:> :>340 A> 45205BAO.  >42870NI5<CAO =04>1=> 2A5340 A>1;N40BL <KA;L A2>N =52>;=CNI59AO, GB>1K C< 25@=> <>3 @07;8G0BL =01530NI85 ?><KA;K, 8 @07;8G0O 4>1@K5 8 1>3>?>A;0==K5, 2;030; 2 A>:@>28I=8FC ?0<OB8, 8 =5?>B@51=K5 45<>=A:85 8725@30; 2>= 87 2;030;8I 5AB5AB20. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.   :0:8< 25I0< 1K;8 <K :>340-=81C4L ?@8AB@0AB=K, > B5E =>A8< 8 AB@0AB=K5 2>>1@065=8O. >G5<C ?>15640NI89 AB@0AB=K5 2>>1@065=8O, :>=5G=>, ?@578@05B 8 25I8 2>>1@0605<K5? >B><C GB> 1@0=L A 2>A?><8=0=8O<8 > 25I0E AB>;L:> 65 B@C4=55 1@0=8 A A0<8<8 25I0<8, A:>;L:> 3@5H8BL <KA;LN C4>1=55, =565;8 A0<8< 45;><. 7 AB@0AB59 8=K5 ACBL B5;5A=K5, 8=K5 4CH52=K5. "5;5A=K5 >B B5;0 ?>;CG0NB ?>2>4, 0 4CH52=K5 >B 2=5H=8E ?@54<5B>2. > ;N1>2L 8 2>745@60=85 >BA5:0NB 8 B5 8 4@C385: ;N1>2L  4CH52=K5, 0 2>745@60=85  B5;5A=K5.  5 7;>C?>B@51;O9 <KA;O<8, GB>1 ?> =5>1E>48<>AB8 =5 7;>C?>B@518BL 8 25I0<8, 81>, 5A;8 ?@5645 =5 A>3@5H8< <KA;5==>, B> =8:>340 =5 A>3@5H8< 45;><. @5?. 0220 $0;0AA89.  #<, GC2AB20<8 4>1@5 ?@02OI89 8 ?;>BL 2 ?>@O4:5 CAB0=>282H89, >4=C B>;L:> 8<55B 1@0=L,  1@0=L A ?0<OBLN. @5?. $8;>D59 !8=09A:89.  ABL 2 =0A <KA;5==0O 1@0=L 1>;55 BO65;0O, G5< GC2AB25==0O. 5;0B5;N 1;03>G5AB8O =04>1=> B0:> B5I8 8 BC F5;L ?@5A;54>20BL C<><, GB>1K, :0: 0@30@8B :0:>9 8;8 :0<5=L <=>3>F5==K9, 2 A>25@H5=AB25 CA>:@>28I5AB2>20BL 2 A5@4F5 ?0<OBL > >35. 04>1=> >AB028BL 2A5, 4065 B5;>, 8 ?@57@5BL A0<CN 687=L =0AB>OICN, GB>1K >30 548=>3> ABO60BL 2 A5@4F5 A2>5<. 1> A2. >0== ;0B>CAB A:070;, GB> C<=>3> 1>3>2545=8O >4=>3> 4>AB0B>G=> : B><C, GB>1 8AB@518BL ;C:02KE.  8@ 8<59B5 8 A2OBK=N A> 2A5<8, 8E 65 :@><5 =8:B>65 C7@8B >A?>40 (2@. 12,14), @048 ABO60=8O ;N128 8 G8AB>BK, 81> >=8-B> 8 ACBL <8@ 8 A2OBK=O. =52>< 65 =04> 2>>@C60BLAO ?@>B82 >4=8E 45<>=>2, <KA;5==> 2@065AB2CNI8E ?@>B82 =0A 8 O@OI8EAO. > ?>A;CH09, :0: 4>;6=> 25AB8 :064>G0A=> 459AB2CNICN 2 =0A 1@0=L; ?>ABC?09 B0:: A B@5725=85< A>G5B0209 <>;8B2C, 8 1C45B B@5725=85 CA8;820BL <>;8B2C, 0 <>;8B20 B@5725=85. "@5725=85, =5?@5AB0==> =078@0O 70 2A5< 2=CB@8, 70<5G05B, :0: 2@038 ?>:CH0NBAO 2>9B8 BC40 8, 703@0640O 8< ?> A8;5 A2>59 2E>4, ?@87K205B 2 B> 65 2@5<O =0 ?><>IL >A?>40 8ACA0 %@8AB0, GB>1K = ?@>3=0; MB8E ;C:02KE 2>8B5;59. @8 MB>< 2=8<0=85 703@06405B 2E>4 ?>A@54AB2>< ?@>B82>@5G8O, 0 ?@87K205<K9 8ACA ?@>3>=O5B 45<>=>2 A <5GB0=8O<8 8E.  ! :@09=8< =0?@O65=85< 2=8<0=8O 1;N48 A2>9 C<. 0: B>;L:> 70<5B8HL 2@0689 ?><KA;, B>BG0A 2>A?@>B82>@5GL 5<C, =>, 2<5AB5 A B5<, A?5H8 ?@8720BL %@8AB0 >A?>40 =0 >B><I5=85. !;04G09H89 65 8ACA, :>340 BK 5I5 1C45HL 3>2>@8BL, A:065B: «!5 A B>1>N /, GB>1K ?>40BL B515 70ABC?;5=85». > BK 8 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: ?> <>;8B25 B2>59 2A5 MB8 2@038 CA<8@5=K 1C4CB, >?OBL ?@>4>;609 CA5@4=> 2=8<0BL C<C. >B A=>20 2>;=K ?><KA;>2, <=>609H85 ?@56=8E, >4=8 70 4@C38<8 CAB@5<OBAO =0 B51O, B0: GB> >B =8E 1C4B> C65 ?>3@C605BAO 4CH0, :0: 2 ?CG8=C, 8 3>B>20 ?>381=CBL. > 8 8ACA, >?OBL 2>71C6405<K9 CG5=8:><, O:> >3 70?@5I05B 7;K< 25B@0< ?><KA;>2, 8 >=8 CB8E0NB. "K 65, C;CG82 A2>1>4C >B 2@065A:8E =0?045=89 =0 G0A 8;8 <8=CBC, ?@>A;02L !?0AH53> B51O 8 C3;C18AL 2 ?><KH;5=85 > A<5@B8. ;8O :48:.  #<, CAB@5<;OOAL 3>@5, =5 B>BG0A 2>AB5:05B BC40, => ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: A>25@H5==> ?@57@8B 2A5 4>;L=55, ?>A2OB82 A51O >65AB25==K< 45;0=8O<. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  5;8:0 O@>ABL 15A>2 =0 B5E, :>8 ?@5CA?520NB 2 A>75@F0=88. =8 45=L 8 =>GL ?@8A54OB 8< A =025B0<8, 8 B> G@57 B5E, :>8 682CB 2<5AB5 A =8<8, 2>71C640O =0 =8E ;NBK5 8A:CH5=8O, B> A0<8 ?>4=8<0NB HC< 8 B>?>B 4;O CAB@0H5=8O 8E  8=>340 =0?040NB =0 =8E A?OI8E, 70284CO 8E ?>:>9=><C >B4KEC 8 2AOG5A:8 15A?>:>OB 8E, E>BO =5 <>3CB ?@8G8=8BL 2@540 B5<, :>8 >3C A51O ?>A2OB8;8. , 5A;8 1K =5 1K;> ?@8 =8E =35;0 >A?>40 A545@68B5;O, >E@0=ONI53> 8E, =5 871560BL 1K 8< 8E =025B>2 8 A5B59 A<5@B=KE.  ;>BL 1> ?>E>BAB2C5B =0 4CE0, 4CE 65 =0 ?;>BL (0;. 5,17), 8 1@0=L =5:0O AB>8B <564C >1>8<8 8<8 A:@KB=0O, GB>1K >4=><C 87 2@03>2 A8E >45@60BL ?>154C =04 4@C38<8 8 ?5@5BO=CBL 2;0AB8B5;LAB2> =0 A2>N AB>@>=C -B> 8 5ABL B>, GB> =07K205BAO 2 =0A :@0<>;>N, A:>?><, 1C=B><, 2>AAB0=85<, <564>CA>1=>N 1@0=LN, :>8<8 @0748@05BAO 4CH0. 8:8D>@ C548=5==8:.  =8<0=85 =5:>B>@K5 87 A2OBKE =07K20;8 1;N45=85< C<0, E@0=5=85< A5@4F0, 8=K5  B@5725=85<, 8=K5  <KA;5==K< 157<>;285<, 0 8=K5 5I5 8=0G5 :0:. > 2A5 A88 =08<5=>20=8O >4=> 8 B> 65 >7=0G0NB; :0: > E;515 3>2>@OB: C:@CE, ;><>BL, :CA>:, B0: 8 > A5< @07C<59. 'B> 65 5ABL 2=8<0=85 8 :0:85 53> >B;8G8B5;L=K5 G5@BK? =8<0=85 5ABL ?@87=0: 8A:@5==53> ?>:0O=8O. =8<0=85 5ABL 4CH8 2>7720=85 : A515 A0<>9, <8@0 2>7=5=02845=85 8 : >3C 2>AE>4. =8<0=85 5ABL >B;>65=85 3@5E0 8 2>A:@5A5=85 4>1@>45B5;8. =8<0=85 5ABL =5A><=5==>5 C15645=85 2 >B?CI5=88 3@5E>2. =8<0=85 5ABL =0G0;> A>75@F0=8O, 8;8 ;CGH5  53> CA;>285: 81> G@57 =53> >3, ?@8=8:H8, O2;O5BAO C<C. =8<0=85  5ABL 157<OB5685 C<0, 8;8 ;CGH5  AB>O=85 53> (CAB0=>2;5=85 >B 1;C645=89), ?> <8;>AB8 >6859 5<C 40@C5<>5. =8<0=85 5ABL ?@5A5G5=85 ?><KA;>2, ?0<OB8 65 >6859 ?0;0B0 8 A>:@>28I=8F0 B5@?5=8O 2A53> =0E>4OI53>. =8<0=85 ?>B><C 5ABL 25@K, =04564K 8 ;N128 28=>2=8F0, 81> :B> =5 25@C5B, =5 <>65B ?5@5=>A8BL =0E>4OI85 A> 2=5 ?@8A:>@1=>AB8.  :B> =5 ?5@5=>A8B >E>B=> A8E ?@8A:>@1=>AB59, B>B =5 <>65B @5I8: 0ABC?=8: <>9 5A8 "K 8 ?@81568I5 <>5 (A. 90, 2). B> 65 =5 ?>;>68B KH=53> ?@81568I5< A2>8<, B>B =5 1C45B 3;C1>:> 8A:@5=5= 2 ;N128 : 5<C. @5?. A8E89.  #< A C<>< =52848<> AF5?;O5BAO =0 1>@L1C C< 45<>=A:89 A =0H8<. >MB><C :064CN <8=CBC =C6=> 87 3;C18=K 4CH8 27K20BL :> %@8ABC, GB>1K = >B>3=0; C< 45<>=A:89, 4>1KGC 65 ?>154=CN 40@>20; =0< :0: G5;>25:>;N15F. #<, =5 =5@04OI89 > A2>5< A>:@>25==>< 45;0=88, 2<5AB5 A 4@C38<8 1;030<8, >B =5?@5AB0==>3> C?@06=5=8O 2 E@0=5=88 A51O ?@>8AE>4OI8<8, >1@5B05B 8 B>, GB> ?OBL GC2AB2 B5;5A=KE =5 1C4CB C =53> A?>A?5H=8:0<8 8A:CH5=89 3@5E>2=KE, ?@8E>4OI8E A> 2=5. =8<0O 2A5F5;> A2>59 4>1@>45B5;8  B@5725=8N 8 4>1@K<8 2A5340 65;0O CA;0640BLAO ?><KH;5=8O<8, =5 ?>?CA:05B >= ?OB8 GC2AB20< A:@04K20BL A51O, G@57 2E>4 : A515 ?CB5< 8E 25I5AB25==KE 8 AC5B=KE ?><KA;>2; =>, 7=0O, :0:85 A;CG0NBAO G@57 =8E >1>;LI5=8O, A8;L=K< =0?@O65=85< 873>=O5B 8E 872=CB@L.  @51K209 2> 2=8<0=88 C<0 8 =5 1C45HL ?@5CB@C645= 8A:CH5=8O<8. BABC?0O 65 >B =53>, B5@?8, GB> =0945B.  A;5?;O5BAO C< B@5<O AB@0ABO<8: A@51@>;N185<, BI5A;0285< 8 A;0AB>;N185<.  0G0;> ?;>4>=>A8O  F25B; 0 =0G0;> B@5725=8O C<0  2>745@60=85 2 ?8I5 8 ?8B88, 8 >B25@65=85 8 >BA5G5=85 2AO:8E ?><KA;>2, 8 A5@45G=>5 157<>;285.  >340, 2>7<>30O > %@8AB5 8ACA5, =0G=5< <K B5I8 2 B@5725=88, B25@4> CAB0=>282H5<AO, B>340 A?5@20 O2;O5BAO =0< 2 C<5 :0: 1K A25B8;L=8: :0:>9, 45@68<K9 =0<8 @C:>N C<0 8 @C:>2>4OI89 =0A =0 AB578 <KA;5==K5; ?>B>< :0: 1K ;C=0 2 ?>;=>< A25B5, 2@0I0NI0OAO =0 B25@48 A5@45G=>9; =0:>=5F, :0: A>;=F5  8ACA, ?>4>1=> A>;=FC, A8ONI89 ?@024>N, B.5. ?>:07CNI89 !51O !0<>3> 8 !2>8 2A5A25B;K5 A25BK A>75@F0=89.  %@0=5=85 C<0 ?@8AB>9=> 8 4>AB>9=> 8<5=>20BL A25B>@>4=K<, <>;=85@>4=K<, A25B>8A?CA:0B5;L=K< 8 >3=5=>A=K<. 1> 8AB8==> A:070BL, >=> >4=> ?@52>AE>4=55 A0<KE 25;8:8E B5;5A=KE 4>1@>45B5;59, A:>;L:> 1K 8E =5 8<5; :B>. !53>-B> @048 8 =04;568B =07K20BL A8N 4>1@>45B5;L A0<K<8 ?>G5B=K<8 8<5=0<8, @048 @>640NI8EAO 87 =55 A25B>70@=KE A25B>2. >7;N182H85 55, 87 3@5H=8:>2 =5?>B@51=KE, A:25@=KE, =52564 =5>A<KA;5==KE, =5?@0254=KE 45;0NBAO A8;>N %@8AB>2>N ?@0254=K<8, 1>3>?>B@51=K<8, G8ABK<8, A2OBK<8 8 @07C<=K<8 8 =5 B>;L:> MB>, => 8 =0G8=0NB A>75@F0BL B08=AB20 8 1>3>A;>2AB2>20BL. !45;02H8AL A>75@F0B5;O<8, >=8 ?5@5A5;ONBAO : >=><C @5G8AB><C, 5A?@545;L=><C !25BC, ?@8:0A0NBAO : 5<C =587@5G5==K<8 ?@8:>A=>25=8O<8; A 8< 682CB 8 459AB2CNB, ?>5;8:C 2:CA8;8 O:> 1;03 >A?>4L (A. 99, 5). "0: GB> =0 MB8E ?5@2>0=35;0E O2=> 8A?>;=O5BAO A;>2> 1>65AB25==>3> 02840: >10G5 ?@0254=8F, 8A?>254OBAO 8<5=8 "2>5<C, 8 2A5;OBAO ?@0288 A ;8F5< "2>8< (A. 139,14).  459AB28B5;L=>, >=8 B>;L:> >4=8 8AB8==>, 8 ?@87K20NB >30 8 8A?>2540NBAO <C, 8 A 8< 15A54>20BL 2A5340 ;N1OB, ;N1O 3>.  >@5 2=CB@5==5<C >B 2=5H=53>, 81> 2=CB@5==89 G5;>25: <=>3> B5@?8B >B 2=5H=8E GC2AB2. >, ?>B5@?52 GB>-;81>, >= 4>;65= C?>B@518BL 18G8 ?@>B82 MB8E 2=5H=8E GC2AB2. !45;02H89 B>, GB> A;54C5B ?> 1C:25, C@07C<5; 8 B>, GB> A;54C5B ?> C<>7@5=8N.  A;8 2=CB@5==89 =0H G5;>25: B@5728BAO, B>, ?> A;>20< >BF>2, >= A8;5= A>E@0=8BL 8 2=5H=53>. > 8E 65 A;>20<, <K 8 7;>458-45<>=K, >1>8, A>>1I0 A>25@H05< 3@5E8; B5 2 ?><KA;0E 8;8 2 <5GB0B5;L=KE 682>?8AOE 87>1@060NB B>;L:> ?@54 C<>< 3@5E8, :0: E>BOB, 0 <K 8 ?><KA;0<8 2=CB@5==5 8 45;0<8 2=5H=5 3@5H8<. 5<>=K, =5 8<5O B5; 4515;KE, ;8HL ?><KA;0<8, :>7=O<8 8 >1>;LI5=8O<8 8 A515 8 =0< C3>B>2;ONB <C:C. >, 5A;8 1K MB8 =5?>B@51=59H85 =5 1K;8 ;8H5=K 4515;>3> B5;0, B> 3@5H8;8 1K =5?@5AB0==> 8 45;0<8, 2A5340 A>45@60 2 A515 7;>5 ?@>872>;5=85, 3>B>2K5 =5G5AB2>20BL.  ;>?0<OBAB2CO, 7;>?0<OBAB2C9 =0 15A>2 8, 2@064CO, 2@064C9 =0 B5;> 2A5340. ;>BL  :>20@=K9 4@C3; 8, 1C4CG8 4>2>;LAB2C5<0, A8;L=59HCN ?>4=8<05B 1@0=L.  @064C9 ?@>B82 B5;0 8 2>N9 ?@>B82 G@520.  5 =0AKBOBAO =35;K, 2>A?520O "2>@F0; =5 =0AKB8BAO 8 C<, 2 G8AB>B5 8< A>@52=CNI89.  :0: =5 ?5:CBAO > ?8I5 =525I5AB25==K5 =35;K =0 =515, B0: =5 ?5:CBAO > =59 8 25I5AB25==K5 =525I5AB25==8:8, :>340 27>94CB =0 =51> 157<>;2AB28O C<0. # !", #%/  # !2OB>9 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  #< 459AB2C5B ?> 5AB5AB2C A2>5<C, :>340 A>45@68B AB@0AB8 2 ?>:>@=>AB8, A>75@F05B 7=0G5=85 2A53> ACI53> 8 ?@51K205B A >3><. %@8AB80=8= C<C4@O5BAO A8<8 B@5<O ?CBO<8: 70?>254O<8, 4>3<0B0<8 8 25@>N. 0?>2548 >B@5H0NB C< >B AB@0AB59, 4>3<0BK 22>4OB 53> 2 ?>7=0=85 !CI53>, 0 25@0  2 A>75@F0=85 "@>8FK. 5B 4CH8 1>;55 4>AB>G5AB=>9, G5< B0, :>B>@0O ?> 5AB5AB2C @07C<=0. >3 O:> ;03>9, A>74020O 2AO:CN 4CHC ?> >1@07C !2>5<C, ?@82>48B 55 2 1KB85 A0<>4286=>N (A2>1>4=>N). >B>< :0640O ?> ?@>872>;5=8N A2>5<C 8;8 G5ABL 8718@05B 8;8 15AG5AB85 =068205B ?@>872>;L=>, 45;0<8 A2>8<8. 220 $0;0AA89.  =OI89AO 1KBL <C4@K< C< 5ABL >1;0:> 1572>4=>5, =>A8<>5 25B@0<8 BI5A;028O 8 3>@4>AB8. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  AO:89, <=OI89AO 1KBL <C4@K<, ?>B><C GB> ?@>H5; 2A5 =0C:8 8 A254CI 2> 2=5H=59 <C4@>AB8, =8:>340 =5 A?>4>18BAO ?@>=8:=CBL 2 B09=K >688 8 C2845BL 8E, 5A;8 ?@5645 =5 A<8@8BAO 8 =5 A45;05BAO 2 GC2AB20E A5@4F0 A2>53> 1C88<, 8 2<5AB5 A A0<><=5=85< >B25@30O 8 ?@8>1@5B5==CN CG5=>ABL. 1> :B> B0: ?>ABC?05B 8 A =5:>;51;NI5NAO 25@>N ?>A;54C5B <C60< <C4@K< 2 >65AB25==KE 25I0E, B>B, 1C4CG8 8<8 @C:>2>48<, 2<5AB5 A =8<8 2E>48B 2 3@04 >30 82>3>, 8 CE>< !2OBK< =0AB02;O5<K9 8 ?@>A25I05<K9, 2848B 8 ?>7=05B B>, G53> =8:B> 87 4@C38E ;N459 2845BL 8 ?>7=0BL =5 <>65B. "0: 45;05BAO >= 1>3>=0CG5==K<. @5?. @83>@89 !8=08B.  AB8==K9 ;N1><C4@5F 5ABL B>B, :B> >B ACI5AB2CNI8E 25I59 ?>7=0; "2>@F0 8E 8 >B "2>@F0 C@07C<5; ACI55 8 >65AB25==>5; =5 =0CG5=85< B>;L:> ?>7=0;, => 8 8A?KB0;. ;8: A>25@H5==K9 ;N1><C4@5F B>B, :B> ?@5CA?5; 2 =@02AB25==><, 5AB5AB25==>< 8 1>3>A;>2A:>< ;N1><C4@88, ?0G5 65 2 1>3>;N188.   # ;065==K9 804>E.  A5 <K ;N48 ?> >1@07C >68N 5A<K. KBL 65 ?> ?>4>18N >68N 5ABL ?@8=04;56=>ABL >4=8E B5E, :>B>@K5 ?> 25;8:>9 ;N128 A2>1>4C A2>N ?>@01>B8;8 >3C. 1> :>340 <K =5 1K205< A2>8<8 A0<8< A515, >B25@305<AO A51O, B>340 1K205< ?>4>1=K<8 "><C, B> ?> ;N128 !2>59, ?@8<8@8; =0A A !>1>N; G53> =8:B> =5 <>65B 4>AB83=CBL, 5A;8 =5 C1548; 4CH8 A2>59 =5 C2;5:0BLAO ?@5;5ABO<8 687=8 A0<>4>2>;L=>9 8 A0<>C3>4;82>9. @5?. 8:8B0 !B8D0B.  =>  >1@07 >689 8 8=> B>, GB> CA<0B@8205BAO 2 >1@075. 1@07 >689  4CH0 <KA;5==0O, C< 8 A;>2>  548=>5 8 =5@0745;L=>5 5AB5AB2>, 0 CA<0B@8205<>5 2 A5< >1@075 5ABL =0G0;LAB25==>ABL (A0<>AB>OB5;L=>ABL), 2;04KG5AB25==>ABL (=57028A8<>ABL) 8 A0<>2;0AB=>ABL (A2>1>40). "0:65 8=> A;020 C<0 8 8=>  4>AB>8=AB2> 53>; 8=> B>, GB> ?> >1@07C, 8 8=>, GB> ?> ?>4>18N. !;020 C<0 5ABL 2>7=>H5=85 3>@5, ?@8A=>4286=>ABL : 2KAH5<C, >AB@>7>@:>ABL, G8AB>B0, @07C<=>ABL, <C4@>ABL, 15AA<5@B85. >AB>8=AB2> C<0 5ABL A;>25A=>ABL, A0<>AB>OB5;L=>ABL, 2;04KG5AB25==>ABL, A0<>2;0AB85. ">, GB> ?> >1@07C, 5ABL  8<5BL 4CHC A C<>< 8 A;>2><, ;8G=CN, 548=>ACI=CN 8 =5@0745;L=CN. #< 8 A;>2> ?@8=04;560B 4CH5 =5B5;5A=>9, 15AA<5@B=>9, >65AB25==>9, <KA;5==>9  8 2A5 >=8 548=>ACI=K, A>25G=K, =5@0745;L=K <564C A>1>N 8 @0745;L=K 1KBL =5 <>3CB. ">, GB> ?> ?>4>18N 5ABL  ?@0254=>ABL, 8AB8==>ABL, 1;03>CB@>185, A>AB@040=85 8 G5;>25:>;N185.  :>< A88 :0G5AB20 2 459AB288 ACBL 8 ?>AB>O==> ?@51K20NB, 2 B5E OA=> 7@8BAO 8 GB> ?> >1@07C 8 ?>4>18N. >3C, A>7402H5<C =0A ?> >1@07C 8 ?>4>18N !2>5<C, 1K205< <K ?>4>1=K 4>1@>45B5;LN 8 @07C<5=85<. >1@>45B5;L 65 >68O 5ABL ?@0240, ?@5?>4>185 8 8AB8=0, :0: 3>2>@8B 0284: ?@02545= 5A8, >A?>48, 8 8AB8=0 "2>O >:@5AB "515 (A. 118,137; 88, 9). K205< <K <C ?>4>1=K B0:65 ?@02>B>N 8 1;03>AB8N, 81> 1;03 8 ?@02 >A?>4L (A. 24, 8) A;>2>< ?@5<C4@>AB8 8 @07C<0 (>;. 2, 3), A2OB>ABLN 8 A>25@H5=AB2><, :0: !0< 3>2>@8B: C48B5 C1> 2K A>25@H5=K, O:>65 B5F 20H 515A=K9 A>25@H5= 5ABL (D. 5, 48) 8 A2OB8 1C48B5, O:> 7 A2OB A5<L (52. 19, 2), A<8@5=85< 8 :@>B>AB8N, 81> 3>2>@8BAO: 0CG8B5AO >B 5=5, O:> :@>B>: A5<L 8 A<8@5= A5@4F5< (D. 11,29). >3>?>4>185, A:>;L:> >=> 4;O =0A 4>ABC?=>, =52>7<>6=> C;CG8BL @52=8B5;N, 5A;8 >= =0?5@54 B5?;K<8 A;570<8 =5 ><>5B ?@8@0782H59AO : =5<C B8=K 3@5E>2=>9 8 =5 ?@8;5?8BAO : 8A?>;=5=8N A2OBKE 70?>25459 %@8AB>2KE. !>E@0=8BL =587<5==K< 1>3>?>4>185, ABO60205<>5 :@09=5N G8AB>B>N 8 ?>;=>N ;N1>2LN : >3C, 2>7<>6=> B>;L:> ?@8 =5?@5AB0==>< ?@>AB8@0=88 >:0 C<0 : >3C, 2 :>B>@>< 4CH0, >1K:=>25==>, CAB0=02;8205BAO G@57 ?>AB>O==>5 ?@51K20=85 2 4>1@>45;0=88, G@57 =5?@5AB0==CN, G8ABCN 8 =5?0@8B5;L=CN <>;8B2C, G@57 2A5AB>@>==55 2>745@60=85 8 CA5@4=>5 GB5=85 8A0=89. !2. @83>@89 !8=08B.  0: 2 G5;>25:5 5ABL C<, A;>2> 8 4CE  8 =8 C< =5 1K205B 157 A;>20, =8 A;>2> 157 4CE0, => 2A5340 ACBL 8 4@C3 2 4@C35 8 A0<8 ?> A515; C< 3>2>@8B ?>A@54AB2>< A;>20, 8 A;>2> ?@>O2;O5BAO ?>A@54AB2>< 4CE0  ?> A5<C ?@8<5@C G5;>25: =>A8B A;01K9 >1@07 =587@5G5==>9 8 =0G0;>>1@07=>9 "@>8FK, ?>:07K20O 8 2 A5< A2>5 ?> >1@07C >68N A>740=85.   !/"+ @5?>4>1=K9 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  !2OBK5 1K;8 1;038 8 G5;>25:>;N182K, 1;03>CB@>1=K 8 <8;>A5@4=K, >:0702H8AL >48=0:>2>5 8<5NI8<8 :> 2A5<C @>4C @0A?>;>65=85 ;N128, A8;>N :>59 G@57 2AN 687=L 25@=> A>E@0=OO =08;CGH55 87 2A5E 1;03, @07C<5N A<8@5=85, A8N E@0=8B5;L=8FC 1;03 8 @07@CH8B5;L=8FC ?@>B82>?>;>6=>3> 8< 7;0, >=8 ?@51K;8 =5C;>28<K<8 4;O 2A5E, BO3>B5NI8E =0A 8A:CH5=89, :0: ?@>872>;L=KE, :>8 >B =0A, B0: 8 =5?@>872>;L=KE, :>8 =5 >B =0A, 2>AAB0=8O ?5@2KE ?>402;OO 2>745@60=85<, 0 ?@8@065=8O 2B>@KE >B@060O B5@?5=85<. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  5@B2 4;O A2OBKE <8@ 8 ;N48 <8@0. >G5<C :0: <8@A:85 284O =5 284OB 4>1@KE 45; A2OBKE <C659 8 A;KH0 =5 <>3CB =8A:>;L:> ?>=OBL >65AB25==KE A;>25A, ?@54;0305<KE 8< 1;03>40BLN !2OB>3> CE0, B0: 8 4CE>2=K5 8 A2OBK5 <C68 =5 <>3CB 2845BL ;C:02KE 45; ;C:02KE <8@A:8E ;N459 8 ?>=OBL AB@0AB=KE @5G59 8E, B. 5. 8 >=8 284O =5 284OB, GB> 2 <8@5, 8 A;KH0 > B><, GB> :0A05BAO <8@A:8E ;N459, =0E>4OBAO 2 B0:>< >65AB25==>< A>AB>O=88 8 @0A?>;>65=88, GB> :0: 1K =5 A;KH0B B>3>, ?> =58<5=8N : B><C GC2AB20. "0:8< >1@07><, =5 1K205B =8:0:>3> >1I5=8O =8 C 4CE>2=KE A <8@A:8<8, =8 C <8@A:8E A 4CE>2=K<8. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  CE !2OB>9 =0?8A0; 68B8O A2OBKE, GB>1K :064K9 87 ?@>2>4OI8E :0:>9-;81> >1@07 68B8O 2>72>48;AO : 8AB8=5 ?>4>1=K<8 ?@8<5@0<8. @5?. D@5< !8@8=.  K C1;0605< A2OBKE 8 65;05< A515 8E 25=F>2, => =5 E>B8< ?>4@060BL 8E ?>42830<. ;8 4C<05B5, GB> >=8 C4>AB>8;8AL 25=F>2 40@><, 157 B@C4>2 8 A:>@159? #3>4=> ;8 ?>A;CH0BL, :0:>5 C?>:>5=85 8<5;8 A2OBK5 2 687=8 A59? 7185=8 1KH0... ?@>84>H0 2 <8;>B5E... ;8H5=8, A:>@1OI5, >M;>1;5=8 (2@. 11, 35, 37). %>G5HL A =8<8 25G=> F0@AB2>20BL, 848 ?CB5< 8E. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  K =0720=K 8<5=0<8 A2OBKE 8 >1;5G5=K 2 >4564C 8E, :>B>@>N E20;8<AO ?@54 =525@=K<8; ?>4@060BL 65 45;0< 8E =5 8<55< CA5@48O. >NAL, :0: 1K =5 H;> : =0< A:070==>5 0?>AB>;><: 8<CI85 >1@07 1;03>G5AB8O, A8;K 65 53> >B25@3H85AO (2 "8<. 3, 5). !5@0D8<, :>B>@>3> 2845; ?@>@. 575:88;L (57. 1, 4-9), 5ABL >1@07 25@=KE 4CH, :>8 ?>42870NBAO 4>AB83=CBL A>25@H5=AB20. <5; >= H5ABL :@K;L52, ?@58A?>;=5==KE >G0<8; 8<5; B0:65 G5BK@5 ;8F0, A<>B@OI8E =0 G5BK@5 AB>@>=K: >4=> ;8F> ?>4>1=> ;8FC G5;>25:0, 4@C3>5  ;8FC B5;LF0, B@5BL5  ;8FC ;L20, G5B25@B>5  ;8FC >@;0. 5@2>5 ;8F> >7=0G05B 25@=KE, :>8, 682O 2 <8@5, 8A?>;=ONB 70?>2548, =0 =8E ;560I85. A;8 :B> 87 =8E 2K945B 2 <>=0H5AB2>, B> >= ?>4>1=K< AB0=>28BAO ;8FC B5;LF0, ?>B><C GB> =5A5B BO65;K5 B@C4K 2 8A?>;=5=88 <>=0H5A:8E ?@028; 8 A>25@H05B ?>42838 1>;55 B5;5A=K5. B>, CA>25@H82H8AL, 8AE>48B 2 C548=5=85 8 2ABC?05B 2 1>@L1C A =52848<K<8 45<>=0<8, B>B C?>4>1;O5BAO ;8FC ;L20  F0@O 48:8E 725@59. >340 65 ?>1548B :B> =52848<KE 2@03>2 8 2>7>1;0405B =04 AB@0ABO<8 8 ?>4G8=8B 8E A515, 8 1C45B 2>AB>@3=CB 3>@5 CE>< !2OBK< 8 C2848B >65AB25==K5 2845=8O, B>B C?>4>18BAO ;8FC >@;0: C< 53> 1C45B B>340 2845BL 2A5 <>3CI55 A;CG8BLAO A =8< A H5AB8 AB>@>=, ?>4>1OAL B5< H5AB8 :@K;0<, ?>;=K< >G59. "0: AB0=5B >= !5@0D8<>< 4CE>2=K< 8 =0A;54C5B 25G=>5 1;065=AB2>. '!" @5?>4>1=K9 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  @0B A?@>A8;: «B> 65, >BG5, <>65B 8A?>;=8BL 2A5 70?>2548, :>340 8E AB>;L:>?» !B0@5F >B25B8;: «">B, :B> ?>4@0605B >A?>4C 8 ?>A;54C5B <C H03 70 H03><». @0B A:070;: «A >A?>4C :B> 65 <>65B ?>4@060BL? >A?>4L 1K; >3, E>BO 8 A>45;0;AO G5;>25:><, 0 O G5;>25: 3@5H=K9, ?>@01>I5==K9 15AG8A;5==K< AB@0ABO<. 0: 65 <>3C O ?>4@060BL >A?>4C?» !B0@5F >B25B8;: «7 B5E, :>B>@K5 ?>@01>I5=K <8@C 8 AC5B=>ABO< 53>, =8:B> =5 <>65B ?>4@060BL >A?>4C; B5 65, :>B>@K5 <>3CB A:070BL: A5, <K >AB028E>< 2AO 8 2A;54 "515 84>E>< (D. 19, 27),  ?>;CG0NB A8;C ?>4@060BL >A?>4C 8 ?> 2A5< 70?>254O< 3> =0?@02;ONBAO». @0B A:070;: «>, >BG5, 70?>25459 >A?>4=8E <=>3> 8 :B> <>65B 8E 8<5BL 2 C<5, GB>1K ?>42870BLAO 70 2A5, >A>15==> O, G5;>25: =51>;LH>3> C<0? >G5<C 65;0; 1K O CA;KH0BL :@0B:>5 A;>2>, GB>1K A>45@60 53>, A>4520BL <=5 A2>5 A?0A5=85». !B0@5F >B25B8;: «%>BO 8 <=>3> 70?>25459, => 2A5 >=8 A>2<5I0NBAO 2 >4=>< A;>25: 2>7;N18H8 >A?>40 >30 B2>53>... 2A5N :@5?>AB8N B2>5N 8 2A5< ?><KH;5=85< B2>8<: 8 1;86=53> B2>53>, O:> A0< A515 (:. 10, 27). >428702H89AO A>1;N40BL A85 A;>2> 8A?@02;O5B 2A5 70@07 70?>2548. > :B> =5 >B@5H05BAO >B 2AO:>3> ?@8AB@0AB8O : 25I5AB25==><C, B> =5 <>65B =0AB>OI8< >1@07>< ;N18BL =8 >30, =8 1;86=53>».  5 2A5 ?5:8AL > ?;>B8, => >?@545;82 59 ?>4283 ?> A8;5 55, 25AL C< A2>9 >1@0B8 =0 2=CB@5==55. "5;5A=>5 1> >1CG5=85 2<0;5 5ABL ?>;57=>: 0 1;03>G5AB85 =0 2A5 ?>;57=> 5ABL (1 "8<. 4, 8). @5?. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  "5;> 65;05B =0A;0640BLAO A>>B25BAB25==K<8 5<C 25I0<8 ?>A@54AB2>< GC2AB20, 0 G5< 1>;55 C4>2;5B2>@5==> 1K205B, B5< 1>;55 65;05B.  MB> ?@>B82=> AB@5<;5=8N 4CH8. >G5<C, ?5@2>N 701>B>N 4CH8 40 1C45B  2A5< GC2AB20< =0;>68BL C74C, GB>1K =5 CA;0640BLAO GC2AB25==K<, :0: A:070=>. >5;8:C 65 B5;> G5< A8;L=55 1K205B, B5< A8;L=55 AB@5<8BAO : A2>5<C; G5< 65 A8;L=55 : A5<C AB@5<8BAO, B5< =5C45@68<55 1K205B, B> 4CH5 =04;568B 2B>@>5  CA8;5==> AB0@0BLAO C<5@I2;OBL ?;>BL ?>AB><, 145=85<, AB>O=85<, A?0=L5< =0 3>;>9 75<;5 8 2AO:8<8 4@C38<8 ;8H5=8O<8, GB>1 8AB>I82 A8;K 55, 8<5BL 55 A<8@5==>N 8 1;03>?>:>@=>N ?@8 2A5E 4CE>2=KE 45O=8OE... > :0: 65;0BL A53> ;53:>, 0 8A?>;=8BL B@C4=>, 8 <=>3> ?@8 A5< 4>?CA:05BAO >?CI5=89 ?@>B82 4>;6=>3> ?> ?@8G8=5 >:@045=8O GC2AB2>< ?@8 2A5< 2=8<0=88, B> B@5BL5 1;03>@07C<=> ?@84C<0=> 2@0G52AB2>  <>;8B20 8 A;57K...  AB8==0O 45AOB8=0 =0H0 : >3C 5ABL 4CH52=0O 0AE0, B. 5. ?@>E>645=85 2AO:>3> AB@0AB=>3> =@020 8 2A59 =5@07C<=>9 GC2AB25==>AB8. !59, 2:CA82H89 0AE8, ?@8G0I05BAO 3=F0 =5?>@>G=>3>, 27O2H53> 3@5E <8@0, 8 =5 C<@5B : B><C 65, =>, ?> A;>2C >A?>40, 68BL 1C45B 2> 25:8 (=. 6, 50). @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  ;03>G5AB82 =5 B>B, :B> <=>38< <8;>ABL >:07K205B, => B>B, :B> =8:>3> =5 >18605B.  !;>2>< 87CG09 4>1@>45B5;L, 0 ?@>?>254C9 > =59 45;><.  5 8<5BL B>;L:> 4>1@>45B5;L ?>G8B09 45;>< ?@5:@0A=K<, => 8<5BL 55 :0: 4>;6=>.  52=C9 > 4>1@>45B5;8, ?>B><C GB> >=0 G@57 ;N1><C4@85 1>3>< O2;O5B 40<0.  5 3>2>@8: =5 <>3C A>1;NAB8 70?>254L >68N ?> ?@8G8=5 ?@5?OBAB28O >B >BF0, 8;8 >B <0B5@8, 8;8 >B 65=K, 8;8 >B G04, 8;8 >B 4@C3>3> :>3>, 81> >=8 =5 87102OB B51O >B 3=520 3@O4CI53> 8 >B G5@2O =5CAK?0NI53>. 0 1C45B 65 B515 2AO:89 ?@5?OBAB2CNI89 2 A>7=0=88 >30 8 4>1@>45B5;59 <5@7>AB5= 8 =5=028AB5=; A B0:>2K< =865 40 OA8. @5?. D@5< !8@88.  5:B> 87 A2OBKE A:070;: «C<09 > E>@>H5<, GB>1K =5 4C<0BL > EC4><, ?>B><C GB> C< =5 B5@?8B 1KBL 2 ?@074=>AB8». 0=OB85 AC5B=K<8 <KA;O<8 @>6405B 8 45;0 AC5B=K5, 0 70=OB85 4>1@K<8 <KA;O<8 @>6405B 8 4>1@K9 ?;>4. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  A;8 ?@8ABC?05HL : :0:><C 45;C 8 =5 2848HL =0 B> 2>;8 >6859, =8 70 GB> =5 45;09 B>3>.  AB8==K9 G5;>25: AB0@05BAO 1KBL 1;03>G5AB82K<. ;03>G5AB82 B>B, :B> =5 65;05B GC64>3> 5<C, GC64> 65 G5;>25:C 2A5 A>B2>@5==>5. B0:, ?@57@8 2A5, B0: :0: BK >1@07 >689. 1@07>< >688< 1K205B G5;>25:, :>340 6825B ?@02> 8 1>3>C3>4=>, 0 MB><C 1KBL =5 2>7<>6=>, 5A;8 =5 >BAB0=5B G5;>25: >B 2A53> AB@0AB=>3>. # :>3> C< 1>3>;N182, B>B 8A:CA5= 2> 2A5<, GB> A?0A8B5;L=> 4;O 4CH8, 8 2> 2AO:>< 1;03>3>258=AB25, B@51C5<>< >B =53>. >3>;N182K9 <C6 =5 C:>@O5B =8:>3> 4@C3>3>, ?>B><C GB> 7=05B, GB> 8 A0< A>3@5H05B 8 MB> 5ABL ?@87=0: 4CH8 A?0A0NI59AO.  !",, !",, !/"!",, '!"" ;065==K9 804>E.  CH5 G8AB>9 A2>9AB25==K: A;>2> =57028AB=>5, @25=85 =57;>182>5 8 @0G5=85 > A;025 >A?>40 =5?@5AB0NI55. ">340 (:>340 4CH0 G8AB0) 8 C< 25@=> CAB0=>2;O5B A2>8 G0H8 (:0: CAB0=02;820NBAO =0 25A0E G0H8 25A>2K5) 8 B@5725=85< ?@51K205B 2 A2>5< > 2A5< AC645=88, :0: =0 G8AB59H5< 8 =5?>4:C?=>< AC48;8I5.  G8AB8BL C< B>;L:> CE0 !2OB>3> 5ABL 45;>. 1>, 5A;8 =5 ?@8945B @5?;LH89 !59, =5 ?>9<05B 8 =5 A2O65B E8I=8:0 >=03> (:. 11, 22), B> ?>E8I5==>5 8< =8:0: =5 <>65B 1KBL 2KA2>1>645=>. >4>105B C1> 2AO:8<8 4>1@>45B5;O<8, =08?0G5 65 <8@>< 4CH52=K< C?>:>520BL 2 A515 CE0 !2OB>3>, GB>1K 8<5BL 2 A515 A25B8;L=8: @07C<0 2A5340 A25BOI8<; ?>B><C GB>, :>340 >= =5?@5AB0==> A25B8B 2 A>:@>25==>ABOE 4CH8, B>340 =5 B>;L:> O2=K 1K20NB 2 C<5 4065 <0;K5 B5<=K5 ?@8;>38 15A>2A:85, => 8 157459AB25==K 8 =5CAB>9G82K, 1C4CG8 >1;8G05<K !2OBK< >=K< 8 @5A;02=K< !25B><. >G5<C 8 0?>AB>; 3>2>@8B: CE0 =5 C30H09B5 (1 $55. 5,19), B. 5. =5 >A:>@1;O9B5 (D. 4, 30) 1;03>ABK=8 !2OB>3> CE0 7;K<8 45;0<8 8;8 ?><KH;5=8O<8, GB>1K =5 ;8H8BLAO 2A5?>1548B5;L=>3> >=>3> A25B8;L=8:0. 1> =5 ?@8A=>ACI=K9 8 682>B2>@=K9 C30A05B ?@8 A5< CE, => 3> >?5G0;5=85 8;8, ;CGH5, >B2@0I5=85 >AB02;O5B C< =0H >65AB5;K< 8 GC64K< A25B0 2545=8O.  =0O 5ABL @04>ABL =0G0;>22>4=0O 8 8=0O 7025@H8B5;L=0O: B0  =5?@8G0AB=0O <5GB0=89 (> A515), 0 MB0 A8;L=0 A<8@5==><C4@85<; ?>A@548 65 =8E  ?5G0;L 1>3>;N1820O 8 =51>;57=5==K9 ?;0G. /:> 2> .<=>65AB25 <C4@>AB8 <=>65AB2> @07C<0, 8 ?@8;>682K9 @07C<, ?@8;>68B 1>;57=L (::;. 1, 18). !53> @048 =04;568B ?@5645 =0G0;>22>4=>9 @04>ABLN ?@8720BL 4CHC : ?>42830<; ?>B>< ?@540BL 55 >1;8G5=8N 8 8A:CH5=8N 8AB8=>N CE0 !2OB>3> :0: > ?@5645 A>45O==KE 3@5E0E, B0: 8 A>45205<KE 5I5 ?>?>;7=>25=8OE 2 A0<>70125=88, 2> >1;8G5=8OE > 15770:>=88 =0:070; 5A8 G5;>25:0, 8 8AB0O; 5A8, O:> ?0CG8=C 4CHC 53> (A. 38,12), GB>1K ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: >1;8G5=85 >685 8A:CA8B 55, :0: 2 3>@=8;5, >=0 2>A?@8O;0 459AB2> =5<5GB0B5;L=>9 @04>AB8 2 B5?;>< ?0<OB>20=89 > >35. @5?. >0== 0@?0DA:89.  B> E>G5B, GB>1K 53> ?@>720;8 <C4@K< 8 @07C<=K< 8 4@C3>< >688<, B>B 40 ?5G5BAO CA5@4=> 4CHC A2>N ?@54AB028BL >A?>4C B0:>N, :0:>N >B 53> ?@8O; 55: G8AB>N, =5CO72;5==>N, 8 2AN =5?>@>G=>N. 0 MB> C25=G0= 1C45B >= =0 =515A0E 8 C1;065= =35;0<8. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  «5 3>2>@8B5, GB> 2K 5AB5 E@0< >689»,  3>2>@8B ?@>@>: 5@5<8O (5@. 7, 4). 5 3>2>@8 8 BK: >4=0 25@0 2 >A?>40 =0H53> 8ACA0 %@8AB0 <>65B A?0AB8 <5=O. 1> MB> =52>7<>6=>, 5A;8 =5 ABO605HL 8 ;N128 : 5<C, 45;0<8 A2845B5;LAB2C5<>9. 'B> 65 :0A05BAO 4> 3>;>9 25@K, B> 8 15A8 25@CNB 8 B@5?5ICB (0:. 2, 19).  A;8 E>G5HL 1KBL ?@02545=, 4>AB02;O9 GB> 4>AB>8B :064>9 2 B515 G0AB8, B. 5. 4CH5 8 B5;C: <KA;8B5;L=>9  GB5=85, 4CE>2=K5 A>75@F0=8O 8 <>;8B2K; @074@068B5;L=>9  4CE>2=CN ;N1>2L, ?@>B82>?>;>6=CN =5=028AB8; 2>645;520B5;L=>9  F5;><C4@85 8 2>745@60=85, 0 ?;>B8  ?8IC 8 >45O=85, :>8 >4=8 =5>1E>48<K.  !>45;02H89 A5@4F5 A2>5 G8ABK< =5 B>;L:> ?>7=05B A<KA; 8 7=0G5=85 25I59 2B>@>AB5?5==KE 8 ?>A;5 >30 ACI8E, => ?@>H54H8 2A5 8E, 7@8B =5:0:> 8 !0<>3> >30  2 G5< :@09=59H89 ?@545; 1;03. >A5B82 B0:>5 A5@4F5, >3 C4>AB08205B CE>< =0G5@BK20BL =0 =5< !2>8 ?8AL<5=0, :0: =0 A:@860;OE >8A552KE, 2 B0:>9 <5@5, 2 :0:>9 >=> A0<> A51O 2>7@0AB8;> 4>1@>N 45OB5;L=>ABLN 8 A>75@F0=85<, ?> 70?>2548, B08=AB25==> ?>25;520NI59: @0AB8 8 <=>68B8AO (KB. 35, 11). @5?. $5>3=>AB.  >1K709 G8AB>BC, :0: 75=8FC >:0 A2>53>, 40 1C45HL E@0< >689 8 4>< <C 65;0==K9: 81> 157 F5;><C4@8O =52>7<>6=> A>45;0BLAO A2>8< >3C. >@>6405B 65 A8O ;N1>2L : >3C 15A?@8AB@0AB85 : <8@C 8 C40;5=85 >B =53>, 0 A>E@0=O5B A<8@5==><C4@85, 2>745@60=85, <>;8B20 =5?@5AB0==0O,/A>75@F0=85 4CE>2=>5 (1>3><KA;85), ?;0G 8 @0AAC645=85  4>1@>BK :>8E =5 C;CG8HL BK 157 15AAB@0AB8O. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  '8AB> A5@4F5, O ?>;030N, C B>3>, :B> =5 B>;L:> =5 1K205B B@52>68< 8 BO3>B8< :0:>9-;81> AB@0ABLN, => =5 ?><KH;O5B 4065 =8 > G5< EC4>< 8;8 <8@A:><, E>BO 1K :B> E>B5; B>3>, 8 >4=C ?0<OBL > >35 45@68B 2 A515 A =5C45@68<>N ;N1>2LN. 1> >:> 4CH8  C<, :>340 =8GB> =5 <5H05B 53> A>75@F0=8N, G8AB> 2 G8AB>< A25B5 2848B >30. !5@4F5 G8AB> 5ABL 8 =07K205BAO B>, :>B>@>5 =5 =0E>48B 2 A515 =8:0:>3> ?><KH;5=8O 8;8 ?><KA;0 <8@A:>3>, => 2A5 ?@8;5?;5=> : >3C 8 A>G5B0=> A 8< B0:, GB> =5 2A?><8=05B =8G53> <8@A:>3>, =8 ?5G0;L=>3>, =8 @04>AB=>3>, => ?@528B05B 2 A>75@F0=88, 2>7=>AOAL 4> B@5BL53> =510, 2>AB>@30OAL 2 @09 8 284O =0A;5485 1;03, >15B>20==KE A2OBK<, ?@8<5=8B5;L=> : G5<C ?@54AB02;O5B ?>B><, A:>;L:> 2>7<>6=> A85 4;O =5<>I8 G5;>25G5A:>9, 8 1;030 25G=K5. >B GB> A;C68B 7=0<5=85< G8AB>BK A5@45G=>9 8 25@=K< ?@87=0:><, ?> :>B>@><C 2AO:89 <>65B >?@545;8BL <5@C A2>59 G8AB>BK 8 2845BL A51O, :0: 2 75@:0;5. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  5B =8G53> 25;8:>3> 2 B><, 5A;8 <K A45;05<AO ?@0254=K<8; 81>, 2 B0:>< A;CG05, <K AB0=5< B0:8<8, :0:8<8 A>740=K <K >B >30 2 =0G0;5  4>1@K<8 75;>.  5 87102OB >B 25G=>3> >3=O 25@0 8 :@5I5=85 157 45; ?@024K. A;8 BK A>G5B0;AO A> %@8AB><, A>1;N409 70?>2548 3>, 8 5A;8 25@8HL 2 1C4CI55, AB0@09AO 70@01>B0BL 25G=CN A;02C 8 1>9AO <5G0 >3=5==>3>. A;8 65 BK =5 A>1;N405HL 70?>25459 >688E, B> =5 =07K209 A51O 25@=K<. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  K E@0< >689 (1 >@. 3, 16). >A5<C, :0: G8AB !0< >3, >G8AB8< E@0< 3>, GB>1K = 2>765;0; 2A5;8BLAO 2 =5<. , :0: = !0< A2OB, >A2OB8< 8 E@0< 3>; C:@0A8< 53> 2AO:8<8 4>1@K<8 8 G5AB=K<8 45;0<8, >1;03>CE05< 53> 1;03>CE0=85< ?>:>O 2>;8 >6859, G8AB>N 8 A5@45G=>N <>;8B2>N. ">340 >1;0:> A;02K 3> ?@8>A5=8B 4CHC, 8 A25B 25;8G8O 3> 2>AA8O5B 2=CB@8 A5@4F0.  8@ 4CH52=K9 1K205B A;54AB285< 4>1@>3> ?>@O4:0, 8 >B <8@0 @>6405BAO A25B, >B A25B0 65 8 <8@0 ?@>A8O205B 2 C<5 G8ABK9 2>74CE.  >340 ?@81;878BAO 2@5<O 2>A:@5A=CBL 2 B515 4CE>2=><C G5;>25:C, B>340 2>73@5205BAO @04>ABL 2 4CH5 B2>59, 8 ?><KA;K B2>8 70:;NG0NBAO 2=CB@8 B51O B>N A;04>ABLN, :0:0O 2 A5@4F5 B2>5<.  :>340 <8@ ?>:CH05BAO A=>20 2>AAB0BL 2 B515, B>340 C<=>605BAO 2 B515 ?0@5=85 <KA;59.   :0:>9 <5@5 2ABC?8; :B> 2 ?>4283 @048 >30, 2 B0:>9 A5@4F5 53> ?@85<;5B 45@7=>25=85 2 <>;8B25 53>, 8 2 :0:>9 <5@5 G5;>25: @072;5G5= <=>38<, 2 B0:>9 ;8H05BAO >6859 ?><>I8.  !2. @83>@89 3>2>@8B: «">B E@0< 1;03>40B8, :B> 2 548=5=88 A >3><,  8 2A5340 >701>G5= <KA;LN > AC45 3>. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  !?@>A8;8 A2. =B>=8O: «'B> 5ABL @04>ABL > >A?>45?» = >B25B8;: «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«220, A;8H:>< <=>3> B>3>, GB> 70?>2540=> =0< 8 ?><@0G05BAO C<, :>340 AB0=5HL @0AA<0B@820BL, GB> A>1;N405HL 8 GB> =5 A>1;N405HL».  / >B25B8; 5<C: «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». !2. >0== 0AA80=.  "@8 ?>1C645=8O 70AB02;ONB ;N459 ?>402;OBL AB@0AB8, 8<5==>: AB@0E 355==K <CG5=8O 2 1C4CI5<, 8;8 1>O7=L AB@>3>AB8 70:>=>2 2 =0AB>OI5<; =045640 8 65;0=85 ?>;CG8BL &0@AB2> 515A=>5; =0:>=5F, ;N1>2L : 4>1@>45B5;8 8;8 4>1@>;N185. 'B> AB@0E 70AB02;O5B 3=CH0BLAO A:25@=K 7;0, > A5< 3>2>@8BAO 2 @8BG0E: !B@0E >A?>45=L =5=02848B =5?@024K (8, 13). 'B> =045640 B0:65 C45@68205B >B C2;5G5=8O AB@0ABO<8, > A5< A:070=>: 5 ?@53@5H0B 5A8 C?>20NI8 =0 53> (A. 33, 23).  ;N128 65 A:070=>, GB> >=0 4065 =5 1>8BAO ?045=8O 3@5E>2=>3>: ;N1K =8:>;865 >B?0405B (1 >@. 13, 8). >A5<C 0?>AB>; 2A5 45;> A?0A5=8O 70:;NG8; 2 ABO60=88 MB8E B@5E 4>1@>45B5;59, 3>2>@O: K=5 65 ?@51K20NB 25@0, =045640, ;N1K: B@8 A8O. 5@0, =0@CH0O AB@0E 1C4CI53> AC40 8 <CG5=89, >B:;>=O5B =0A >B A:25@=K AB@0AB59; =045640, >BB>@30O C< =0H >6840=85< =515A=KE 2>740O=89, 70AB02;O5B ?@578@0BL 2A5 ?;>BA:85 C4>2>;LAB28O; ;N1>2L, >3=5< A2>8< 2>A?;0<5=OO 2 =0A ;N1>2L :> %@8ABC 8 : ?@5A?5O=8N 2 4CE>2=KE 4>1@>45B5;OE, ?>1C6405B A A>25@H5==>N =5=028ABLN >B2@0I0BLAO >B 2A53>, GB> ?@>B82=> 8<. K =5 8=0G5 <>65< 4>AB83=CBL 8AB8==>3> A>25@H5=AB20, :0: 2>7;N182H8 >30 =5 ?> 4@C3><C G5<C, :0: ?> >4=><C 2;5G5=8N ;N128 : 5<C, ?>B><C GB> 8 = ?@5645 2>7;N18; =0A =5 4;O 4@C3>3> G53>, :0: 4;O =0H53> A?0A5=8O. ;O A53> =04>1=> =0< AB0@0BLAO A ?;0<5==>9 @52=>ABLN 2>AE>48BL >B AB@0E0 : =045645, >B =04564K =0 AB5?5=L ;N128 : >3C 8;8 ;N128 : A0<8< 4>1@>45B5;O< A ?>;=>N 3>@OG=>ABLN 4CH52=>9, GB>1K, 2>A?@8O2 B0:CN ?@825@65==>ABL : 4>1@C, <>3;8 <K, A:>;L:> MB> 4>ABC?=> 4;O G5;>25G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K, =5C:;>==> ?@51K20BL 2 =5<. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  @0B A?@>A8;: «'B> 4>;6=> 45;0BL, GB>1K 2>7<>GL =5?@5AB0==> 1KBL A >3><?» !B0@5F >B25B8;: «52>7<>6=> C<C 2A5340 1KBL A 548=K< >3><, 5A;8 =5 ABO605B >= A;54CNI8E B@5E 4>1@>45B5;59: ;N128, 2>745@60=8O 8 <>;8B2K. N1>2L C:@>I05B 3=52; 2>745@60=85 8AACH05B ?>E>BL, 0 <>;8B20, >B@5H0O C< >B 2A5E ?><KH;5=89, =038< ?@54AB02;O5B 53> !0<><C >3C. -B8 B@8 4>1@>45B5;8 A>2<5I0NB 2 A515 2A5 ?@024K 8 157 =8E C< =5 <>65B ?@51K20BL A 548=K< >3><». @0B A?@>A8;: «@>HC B51O, >BG5, =0CG8 <5=O, :0: ;N1>2L C:@>I05B 3=52?» !B0@5F >B25B8;: «5;> ;N128  <8;>20BL 1;86=53> 8 1;03>45B5;LAB2>20BL 5<C, 4>;3>B5@?5BL =0 =5< 8 A=>A8BL 2A5 ?@8G8=O5<>5 8<, :0: G0AB> 1K;> 3>2>@5=>. <5O B0:85 A2>9AB20, ;N1>2L 5AB5AB25==> C:@>I05B 3=52 2 B><, :B> ABO60; 55». @0B A:070;: «5 <0;K 45;0 55, => 1;065= B>B, :B> 2>7<>3 ABO60BL 55. / 65, ?>8AB8=5, 40;5: >B =55. 4=0:> 6 ?@>HC B51O, >BG5, A:068 <=5, GB> 7=0G8B  4>;3>B5@?5BL?» !B0@5F >B25B8;: «KBL B25@4C 4CE>< 2 =5AG0AB8OE, A=>A8BL 2AO:>5 7;> 8 640BL :>=F0 8A:CH5=8N, =5 ?>72>;OO ?@>B>@30BLAO 3=52C, 8;8 A:070BL =5@07C<=>5 A;>2>, 8;8 70?>4>7@8BL GB>, 8;8 ?>4C<0BL GB> =5?@8;8G=>5 1;03>G5AB82><C G5;>25:C, :0: 3>2>@8B 8A0=85: 4> 2@5<5=8 AB5@?8B 4>;3>B5@?5;82K9, 8 ?>A;548 2>740AB 5<C 25A5;85: 4> 2@5<5=8 A:@K5B A;>25A0 A2>O, 8 CAB=5 25@=KE 8A?>254OB @07C< 53> (!8@. 1, 23-24). A:@5==> >B@5:H89AO <8@A:8E 25I59 8 =5;8F5<5@=>, 87 ;N128, A;C60I89 1;86=5<C, A:>@55 >A2>1>6405BAO >B 2AO:>9 AB@0AB8 8 AB0=>28BAO ?@8G0AB=K< >65AB25==>9 ;N128 8 >65AB25==>3> 2545=8O».  0: 2>A?><8=0=85 >1 >3=5 =5 A>3@5205B B5;0, B0: 25@0 157 ;N128 =5 ?@>872>48B 2 8 4CH5 A25B0 2545=8O.  '8AB0 4CH0, >A2>1>482H0OAO >B AB@0AB59, 8 =5?@5AB0==> 2>725A5;O5<0O >65AB25==>N ;N1>2LN.  !>25@H5==0O ;N1>2L =5 @0745;O5B 548=>3> 5AB5AB20 G5;>25:>2 ?> @07;8G=K< 8E =@020<, => 2A5340 A<>B@O =0 >=>5, 2A5E G5;>25:>2 @02=> ;N18B: 4>1@KE  :0: 4@C759, 0 =54>1@KE  :0: 2@03>2, 1;03>45B5;LAB2CO 8<, 4>;3>B5@?O, ?5@5=>AO 8<8 ?@8G8=O5<>5, >B=N4L =5 >B?;0G820O 8< 7;0, 4065 AB@040O 70 =8E, :>340 A;CG09 ?>B@51C5B, 401K, 5A;8 2>7<>6=>, A>45;0BL 8 8E A515 4@C7LO<8. >, 5A;8 8 =52>7<>6=>, >=0 2A5 65 =5 >BABC?05B >B A2>53> @0A?>;>65=8O : =8<, 2A5340 @02=> O2;OO ?;>4K ;N128 2A5< G5;>25:0<. "0: >A?>4L >3 =0H 8ACA %@8AB>A, O2;OO !2>N : =0< ;N1>2L, ?>AB@040; 70 2A5 G5;>25G5AB2> 8 2A5< @02=><5@=> 40@>20; =04564C 2>A:@5A5=8O, E>BO, 2?@>G5<, :064K9 A0< A51O 45;05B 4>AB>9=K< 8;8 A;02K 8;8 <CG5=8O 04A:>3>.  @87=0: A>25@H5==>3> 15AAB@0AB8O - B>B, :>340 8 2> 2@5<O 1>4@AB2>20=8O, 8 2> A=5 ?@54AB02;5=8O 25I59 2A5340 2AE>4OB =0 A5@4F5 ?@>ABK<8.  A?>;=5=85< 70?>25459 C< A>2;5:05BAO AB@0AB59, 4CE>2=K< A>75@F0=85< 2848<>3> A>2;5:05BAO AB@0AB=KE > 25I0E ?><KA;>2, ?>7=0=85< =52848<>3> >B@5H05BAO >B A>75@F0=8O 2848<KE 25I59, =0:>=5F ?>7=0=85< !2. "@>8FK 8 >B A0<>3> 2545=8O 25I59 =52848<KE (B. 5. 4>AB8305B 25@H8=K ?>7=0=8O).  0 2>745@60=85 =03@040  15AAB@0AB85, 70 25@C  2545=85. 5AAB@0AB85 @>6405B @0AAC48B5;L=>ABL, 0 2545=85  ;N1>2L : >3C.  !>25@H5==K9 2 ;N128 8 4>AB83H89 25@E0 15AAB@0AB8O =5 7=05B @07=>AB8 <564C A2>8< 8 GC68<, 8;8 A2>53> 8 GC6>3>, 8;8 <564C 25@=K< 8 =525@=K<, 8;8 <564C @01>< 8 A2>1>4=K<, 8;8 4065 <564C <C6A:8< ?>;>< 8 65=A:8<. >, AB02 2KH5 B8@0=AB20 AB@0AB59 8 278@0O =0 >4=> 5AB5AB2> G5;>25G5A:>5, =0 2A5E @02=> A<>B@8B 8 :> 2A5< @0A?>;>65= 1K205B (0;. 3, 28).  74C 70 ?>42838 2 4>1@>45B5;8 A>AB02;O5B 15AAB@0AB85 8 2545=85. 1> >=8 28=>2=8:8 1K20NB 4;O =0A &0@AB28O 515A=>3>, :0: AB@0AB8 8 =52545=85  <C:8 25G=>9.  ?>B><C, 8ICI89 8E @048 A;02K G5;>25G5A:>9, 0 =5 @048 B>3>, GB> >=8 4>1@> ACBL, A;KH8B >B 8A0=8O: ?@>A8B5, 8 =5 ?@85<;5B5, 70=5 7;5 ?@>A8B5 (0:. 4, 3).  !>25@H5==0O 4CH0 5ABL B0, :>B>@>9 2>645;5B5;L=0O A8;0 2AO A>25@H5==> CAB@5<8;0AL : >3C.  !>25@H5==K9 C< B>B, :>B>@K9 8AB8==>N 25@>N =54>254><> ?>7=02 54>254><>3>, >1>7@5; 2A5 25I8 2>>1I5 3> B2>@5=8O 8 >B >30 ?>;CG8; 2A5>1J5<;NI55 ?>7=0=85 > 3> 2 =8E @><KA;5 8 !C45, A:>;L:> B> 4>ABC?=> G5;>25:0<.  0G0;> 8 :>=5F A?0A5=8O :064>3> 5ABL @5<C4@>ABL, :>B>@0O, =0G8=0O, ?@5645 ?>@>6405B AB@0E, 0 ?>B><, CA>25@H82H8AL, : :>=FC ?>@>6405B ;N1>2L. ;8 ;CGH5 A:070BL, ?>=0G0;C >=0 A0<0 A<>B@8B5;L=> 1K205B AB@0E><, GB>1 C45@6820BL ;N18B5;O A2>53> >B EC40, 0 ?>B><, : :>=FC, A0<0 A>1>N 5AB5AB25==> >:07K205BAO ;N1>2LN, 8A?>;=OO 4CE>2=K< >1@04>20=85< B5E, :>B>@K5 A>68B5;LAB2>< A =5N 70<5=8;8 >1;040=85 2A5<8 2848<K<8 1;030<8.  !>25@H5= B>B, :B> A ?@>872>;L=K<8 8A:CH5=8O<8 1>@5BAO 2>745@60=85< 8 =5?@>872>;L=K5 ?5@5=>A8B A B5@?5=85<.  2A5F5; B>B, :B> 45O=8O A>25@H05B A 2545=85< 8 C<>7@5=85 =5 >AB02;O5B 157459AB25==K<. 220 $0;0AA89.  !>25@H5==>5 15AAB@0AB85 ?>@>6405B G8ABK5 ?><KH;5=8O, 0 A>25@H5==>5 2545=85 AB028B ?@54 ;8F5 5?>AB868<>3>.  >4286=8G5AB2> B@51C5B B5@?5=8O 8 <C65AB20, ?>B><C GB> A;0AB>;N185 873>=O5BAO =5 8=0G5, :0: 4>;3>2@5<5==K< 8 >E>B=K< A0<>CB@C645=85<. #4>1=> A>25@H8HL ?>42838 ?>4286=8G5AB20, 5A;8 2A5 1C45HL 45;0BL 2 <5@C 8 ?> ?@028;C. 5@68 2A5340 >48=0:>2CN <5@C 2 ?>42830E 8 157 :@09=59 =C64K =5 =0@CH09 ?>;>65==>3> ?@028;0. @5?. $5>4>@ 45AA:89.  0:>5 2>AE>645=85 : A>25@H5=AB2C 8 >1>65=8N! > G0AB8 C<0 MB> A>25@H5==59H55 2545=85 ACI53> 8 ">3>, B> 2KH5 2A53> ACI53>, A:>;L:> MB> 4>ABC?=> 4;O G5;>25G5A:>3> 5AB5AB20; ?> G0AB8 2>645;5=8O  2A5:>=5G=>5 8 =5?@5AB0==>5 2>645;5=85 8 AB@5<;5=85 : 5@2><C >1@C; ?> G0AB8 @074@065=8O  M=5@38G=59H55 8 45OB5;L=59H55 42865=85 : 2>645;5==><C, =5?@5AB0NI55 8 =5>A;01=>5 =8:0:8<8 87 2AB@5G0NI8EAO ?@8A:>@1=>AB59, =5?@5A5:05<>5 2 A2>5< ?>ABC?0=88 2?5@54, => =5C45@68<>, 8, 2A?OBL =5 >1@0I0OAL, H5AB2CNI55.  >=5F =0H59 687=8 5ABL 1;065=AB2> 8;8, GB> B> 65, &0@AB2> 515A=>5, 8;8 >685.  >=> A0<> 5ABL =5 7@5=85 B>;L:> F0@AB25==58H59 "@>8FK, => ?@8 MB>< ?@8OB85 8 >65AB25==>3> ?@82B5G5=8O, 8 :0: 1K 2>A?@8OB85 >1>65=8O 8 A8< ?@82B5G5=85< 2>A?>;=5=85 =5CAB0NI53> 2 =0A 8 CA>25@H5=85 =5A>25@H5==>3>.  MB>-B> A;C68B ?8I5N <KA;5==KE ACI5AB2,  MB> 2>A?>;=5=85 =54>AB0NI53> G@57 >65AB25==>5 >=>5 ?@82B5G5=85. 45AL A>25@H05BAO :@C3 =5:89 =5?@5AB0==K9, >B B>3> 65 =0G8=0NI89AO 8 B5< 65 :>=G0NI89AO. 1>, G5< 1>;55 :B> @07C<5205B, B5< 1>;55 2>645;5205B; G5< 1>;55 2>645;5205B, B5< 1>;55 2:CH05B; G5< 1>;55 2:CH05B, B5< 1>;55 2>71C6405BAO : 1>;LH5<C >?OBL C@07C<520=8N, 8 B>BG0A A=>20 =0G8=05B MB> =542868<>5 42865=85, 8;8 =542868<CN =54286=>ABL.  0: 4>;6=> 84B8 : :>=FC 687=8 =0H59? ;O @07C<=KE 4CH, :>8 ACBL C<=K5 ACI=>AB8 8 <0;K< G5< >BAB>OB >B C<>2 0=35;LA:8E, 745H=OO 687=L 5ABL 1>@5=85, 8 687=L 2> ?;>B8 40=0 8< =0 ?>4283. >740O=85 65 70 ?>4283 8 1>@5=85 5ABL 2KH5A:070==>5 A>AB>O=85  40@, 4>AB>9=K9 2<5AB5 8 >65AB25==>9 1;03>AB8 8 >65AB25==>9 ?@024K. @024K, ?>B><C GB> 1;030 >=K5 4>AB830NBAO =5 157 A>1AB25==KE B@C4>2 8 ?>B>2; 1;03>AB8, ?>B><C GB> 40@ 157<5@=> ?@52>AE>48B 2AO:89 A>1AB25==K9 B@C4, 8 5I5 ?>B><C, GB> A0<>5 B>, GB> 2>7<>GL 4>1@>5, 5ABL 40@ >689. @5?. $8;>D59 !8=09A:89.  ABL 2 =0A <KA;5==0O 1@0=L, 1>;55 BO65;0O, G5< GC2AB25==0O. 5;0B5;N 1;03>G5AB8O =04>1=> B0:> B5I8 8 BC F5;L ?@5A;54>20BL C<><, GB>1K :0: 0@30@8B :0:>9 8;8 :0<5=L <=>3>F5==K9, 2 A>25@H5=AB25 CA>:@>28I5AB2>20BL 2 A5@4F5 ?0<OBL > >35. 04>1=> >AB028BL 2A5, 4065 B5;>, 8 ?@57@5BL A0<CN 687=L =0AB>OICN, GB>1K >30 548=>3> ABO60BL 2 A5@4F5 A2>5<. 1> A2. >0== ;0B>CAB A:070;, GB> C<=>3> 1>3>2545=8O >4=>3> 4>AB0B>G=>3> : B><C, GB>1K 8AB@518BL ;C:02KE.  54CI85 <KA;5==CN 1@0=L 4>;6=K A> 2A5< CA5@485< 871@0BL A515, ?> C:070=8N >65AB25==KE 8A0=89, 4CE>2=K5 45;0=8O 8 2>7;>68BL 8E =0 C<, :0: F5;8B5;L=K5 ?;0ABK@8. "0: A CB@0 4>;6=> <C65AB25==> 8 =5>BABC?=> AB>OBL C 425@8 A5@4F0, A :@5?:>N ?0<OBLN > >35 8 =5?@5AB0==>N, 2 4CH5, 8ACA %@8AB>2>N <>;8B2>N 8 A5N <KA;5==>N AB@065N 8 C1820BL 2A5E 3@5H=8:>2 75<;8, B. 5. 25@=>N, CA8;5==>N 8 3>@5 2>AE8I0NI5N ?0<OBLN > >35 ?>A5:0BL, @048 >A?>40, 3;02K A8;L=KE 8 =0G0;0 1@0=L 2>742830NI8E ?><KA;>2, 81>, :0: 7=05<, 8 2 <KA;5==KE ?>4286=8G5A:8E B@C40E 5ABL =5:>B>@K9 >65AB25==K9 G8= 8 ?>@O4>: 459AB2>20=8O. "0: 4>;6=> 45;0BL =C4OI8< A51O (&0@AB28O @048), ?>:0 =0AB0=5B ?>;>65==>5 2@5<O 2:CH5=8O ?8I8. >A;5 A53>, 1;03>40@5=85 2>7402 >A?>4C, ?> 548=><C G5;>25:>;N18N !2>5<C ?8B0NI5<C =0A 42>O:>N- ?8I5N, 8 4CE>2=>N 8 B5;5A=>N, 4>;6=> B><8BL A51O ?0<OB>20=85< 8 @07<KH;5=85< > A<5@B8.  =0 A;54CNI89 45=L >?OBL =04> A0<>45@602=> 1@0BLAO 70 CB@5==55 45;>. 1> 8 ?@8 B0:>< :064>4=52=>< >1@075 459AB2>20=8O 5420-5420 2>7K<55< <K 2 >A?>45 87153=CBL A5B59 <KA;5==>3> 2@030. "0:>5 45;0=85, 2?@>G5<, CB25@482H8AL 2 =0A, @>6405B B@8 4>1@>45B5;8: 25@C, =04564C 8 ;N1>2L, 87 :>8E 25@0 @0A?>;0305B =0A : 8AB8==><C AB@0EC >68N, 0 =045640, ?@5>4>;52 @01A:89 AB@0E, ?@82>48B G5;>25:0 : ;N128 >6859. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  >3 >B =0A, G5;>25:>2, =5 B@51C5B =8G53> 4@C3>3>, :@><5 >4=>3> B>3>, GB>1K <K =5 3@5H8;8. > MB> =5 5ABL 8A?>;=5=85 70:>=0, 0 B>;L:> =5=0@CH8<>5 E@0=5=85 >1@070 8 3>@=53> 4>AB>8=AB20, 2 :>8E, AB>O ?> 5AB5AB2C 8 =>AO A25B;>>A8O==CN >4564C CE0, <K ?@51K205< 2 >35 8 = 2 =0A, 1K205< ?> 1;03>40B8 1>30<8 8 AK=0<8 >688<8, 8 7=0<5=C5<AO A25B>< ?>7=0=8O >30 ?> A;>2C: =0<5=0AO =0 =0A A25B ;8F0 "2>53>, >A?>48! (A. 4, 7).  @5CA?520NI85 2 4CE>2=>< A>25@H5=AB25, :>340 ?@>A25I0NBAO 8;8 >A8O20NBAO 2 C<5, B>340 284OB <KA;5==> A;02C >A?>40 8 =0CG05<K 1K20NB <KA;5==> >65AB25==>N 1;03>40B8N 2545=8O 70 2545=85<, 2>AE>4O >B A>75@F0=8O ACI53> : ?>7=0=8N ">3>, B> 2>8AB8=C 5ABL 2KH5 2A53> ACI53>,  >30. @81;860NI85AO : A>25@H5=AB2C, 284O B>;L:> 5I5 >BG0AB8 15A?@545;L=>ABL (4CE>2=KE 25I59) 8 A>7=020O =5?>AB868<>ABL B>3>, GB> 284OB, C482;ONBAO 8 ?@8E>4OB 2 87C<;5=85; 0 G5< 1>;55 2E>4OB >=8, =5254><> :0:, 2 A25B 2545=8O, B5< 1>;55 A>7=0NB A2>N =5<>IL. ">, GB> O2;O5BAO 8< =5:>B>@K< >1@07>< ?@8<@0G=>, ?>:07K205B A51O :0: 1K 75@F0;>< 2 3040=88, 8 >BG0AB8 >A8O20O C<, <KA;OI89 > B><, :>340 1;03>2>;8B O28BL A51O 2 1>;LH5< A25B5 8 A>548=8BLAO ?> ?@8G0AB8N A B5<, :B> 8< >A25I05BAO, 2>2;5:0O 2A53> 53> 2 A51O, B0: GB> >= 1K205B 25AL 2 3;C18=5 CE0, :0: 1K 2 3;C18=5 157<5@=KE, A25B;KE 2>4,  B>340 >= 2>AE>48B =587JOA=8<> 2 A>25@H5==>5 =52545=85 :0: 2ABC?82H89 BC40, 345 2A5 2KH5 2545=8O. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  @5E0 8 AB@0AB8 5AB5AB25==> =5B 2 ?@8@>45 G5;>25:0. >3  =5 B2>@5F AB@0AB59. >1@>45B5;8 65 <=>385 40@>20; = =0H59 ?@8@>45, 87 G8A;0 :>B>@KE ACBL 8 A;54CNI85: <8;>ABK=O  81> 8 O7KG=8:8 A>AB@040B5;L=K; ;N1>2L  81> G0AB> 8 15AA;>25A=K5 682>B=K5 ?@>;820NB A;57K ?@8 ?>B5@5 4@C3 4@C30; 25@0  81> 2A5 <K >B A51O 55 ?>@>6405<; =045640  81> <K, 8 :>340 2708< 405< 8;8 15@5<, 8 :>340 A55<, 8 :>340 ?;0205<, 45;05< MB>, =045OAL >1>30B8BLAO. B0:, 5A;8, :0: 4>:070=>, ;N1>2L 8 4>1@>45B5;L 5AB5AB25==> ?@8ACI8 =0H59 ?@8@>45, ;N1>2L 65 5ABL 8A?>;=5=85 70:>=0, B> O2=>, GB> 4>1@>45B5;8 =5 GC64K =0H5<C 5AB5AB2C.  40 ?>ABK4OBAO B5, :>B>@K5 8728=ONB =545;0=85 4>1@>45B5;59 A2>8< 15AA8;85<. >, GB> :0A05BAO 4> G8AB>BK, 1573=528O, A<8@5==><C4@8O, <>;8B2K, 145=8O, ?>AB0 8 2A5340H=53> C<8;5=8O, B> A88 4>1@>45B5;8 2KH5 5AB5AB20. 5:>B>@K< 87 =8E =0CG8;8 =0A ;N48 A2>8< ?@8<5@><; >1@07F0<8 4@C38E 1K;8 4;O =0A =35;K, 0 8=KE CG8B5;L 8 40@>20B5;L 5ABL !0< >3 !;>2>. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  @54AB02L A515, GB> 4>1@>45B5;L 5ABL B5;>, A>75@F0=85  4CH0, 0 B> 8 4@C3>5  >48= A>25@H5==K9 G5;>25:, A>548=O5<K9 4CE>< 87 42CE G0AB59: 87 GC2AB25==>3> 8 @07C<=>3>.  :0: =52>7<>6=>, GB>1K 4CH0 ?@8H;0 2 A>AB>O=85 ?@>O2;OBL A2>5 1KB85 157 A>25@H5=8O >1@07>20=8O B5;0 A 53> G;5=0<8, B0: =52>7<>6=> 4CH5 ?@89B8 2 A>75@F0=85 157 A>25@H5=8O 45;0 4>1@>45B5;8.  ABL B@8 <KA;5==KE A?>A>10, ?> :>8< 2545=85 2>AE>48B 8 =8AE>48B. !?>A>1K A88 ACBL: B5;>, 4CH0, 4CE. 545=85  5ABL >685 40O=85 5AB5AB2C @07C<=KE B20@59, 40==>5 ?@8 =0G0;5 8E A>740=8O.  >=>, ?> ?@8@>45 A2>59, ?@>AB> 8 =545;8<>, :0: A25B A>;=5G=K9, =>, A>>1@07=> A 45;0=85< A2>8<, ?@8>1@5B05B 87<5=5=8O 8 45;5=8O.  B> A 2545=85< C15305B AC5B=>9 A;02K, B>B >ICB8; 2 4CH5 A2>59 1C4CI89 25:.  5 1C45< A<CI0BLAO, :>340 1K205< 2 ><@0G5=88. 07C<5N 65 B> >A>15==>5 ><@0G5=85, 2 :>B>@>< 2 8=>5 2@5<O 4CH0 B><8BAO 8 1K205B :0: 1K A@548 2>;=; 8, G8B05B ;8 G5;>25: 8A0=85 8;8 A>25@H05B A;C61C  2> 2AO:>< 45;5, 70 :0:>5 =8 ?@8<5BAO, ><@0G5=85 C =53> 70 ><@0G5=85<. "0:>2>9 >AB02;O5B 45;> 8 G0AB> =5 ?>?CA:05BAO 5<C 4065 ?@81;878BLAO : >=><C. -B>B G0A 8A?>;=5= >BG0O=8O 8 AB@0E0; =045640 =0 >30 8 CB5H5=85 25@K 2 53> A>25@H5==> >B<5ICBAO 4CH>N 8 2AO >=0 2A5F5;> 8A?>;=O5BAO A><=5=8O 8 AB@0E0. > >3 =5 >AB02;O5B 4CH8 2 B0:>< A>AB>O=88 =04>;3>, => 2A:>@5 B2>@8B 8 871KB85 (1 >@. 10,13).  O 70<5GC B515 8 40N A>25B: 5A;8 =5 8<55HL A8;K A>2;045BL A A>1>N 8 ?0ABL =0 ;8F> A2>5 2 <>;8B25, B> >1;5:8 3>;>2C A2>N <0=B85N 8 A?8, ?>:0 =5 ?@>945B 4;O B51O MB>B G0A ><@0G5=8O, => =5 2KE>48 87 :5;88. !5<C 8A:CH5=8N ?>425@30NBAO =08?0G5 65;0NI85 ?@>2>48BL 687=L C<AB25==CN 8 2 H5AB288 A2>5< 8ICI85 CB5H5=85 25@K. >MB><C 2A53> 1>;55 <CG8B 8 CB><;O5B 8E MB>B G0A :>;510=85< C<0; A;54C5B 65 70 A8< G0AB> EC;0, 0 8=>340 ?@8E>48B =0 G5;>25:0 A><=5=85 2 2>A:@5A5=88 8 8=>5 =5GB>, > G5< =5 4>;6=> =0< 3>2>@8BL. 0=8<0NI85AO 45;0<8 B5;5A=K<8 A>25@H5==> A2>1>4=K >B A8E 8A:CH5=89. 0 =8E ?@8E>48B 8=>5 C=K=85, 8725AB=>5 2AO:><C, :>B>@>5 2 >1@075 459AB28O A2>53> >B;8G=> >B A8E 8 ?>4>1=KE 8< 8A:CH5=89. ;065=, :B> ?@5B5@?8B MB>, =5 2KE>4O 70 425@L. ?@>G5<, =5 2 >48= G0A >:0=G8205BAO 1>@L10 A8O; 8 1;03>40BL =5 24@C3 ?@8E>48B A=>20 8 2A5;O5BAO 2 4CH5, => ?>AB5?5==>.  >4=> A<5=O5BAO 4@C38<: 2@5<5=5<  8A:CH5=85 8 2@5<5=5<  CB5H5=85. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  !>25@H5=AB2> ?>42830 B2>53> 5ABL ?>A;CH0=85, 8 4>1@> G5;>25:C, 5A;8 >= =5A5B 83> >A?>4=5 >B N=>AB8  A;C68B 8 ?>28=C5BAO. '53> @048 0220 =B>=89 A:070; 02;C  CG5=8:C A2>5<C: «!BC?09, A848 2 C548=5=88, GB>1K 87CG8BL 1@0=8, 1K20NI85 >B 45<>=>2». 1> A>25@H5=AB2> <>=0E0 A>AB>8B 2 =02K:5 53> ?@028BL 4CE>< 2A5< 2 A515. > B0:>5 A0<>?@02;5=85 4CE>2=>5 ?@8E>48B 2<5AB5 A G8AB>B>N A5@4F0; G8AB>B0 65 A5@4F0 1K205B, :>340 8< ?@028B C<; 0 C<>< ?@028B =5?@5AB0==0O <>;8B20. @0=L 65 >B 45<>=>2 1K205B G@57 ?><KA;K 8 ?@82845=8O, :>B>@K5 2 C548=5=88 8 157<>;288 A8;L=55 2>71C640NBAO.  =CB@5==89 AB@>9 C<0 ?@52>AE>4=55 B5;5A=KE ?>4283>2, 81> A59 2=CB@5==89 AB@>9 C<0 =0?@02;O5B 8 2>AB>@305B 4CHC <>=0E0 : A>25@H5==59H59 ;N128 : >3C, 45;0NI59 53> 4>AB>9=K< 2845=89 8 >B:@>25=89 A;02K >6859. "5;5A=K5 ?>42838 >A2>1>640NB <>=0E0 >B AB@0AB59 B5;5A=KE, CB25@640NB 2 4>1@>45B5;OE, A8;K 5<C ?>40NB : >B3=0=8N ?>E>B59 8 B5;C 4>AB02;ONB G8AB>BC.  ?>4283 C<0 2>>@C605B 4CHC ?@>B82 45<>=>2 8 ?><KA;>2, 8<8 2A5205<KE, 8 4>AB02;O5B G8AB>BC A5@4F0, :>B>@>5 :@5?>ABL ?>;CG05B >B ;N128 8 45;05BAO 4>AB>9=K< B>3>, GB>1K 8< ?@028; CE. @5?. >0== 5AB28G=8:.  B> 2 =0G0;5 =5 68; 2 ?>28=>25=88, B><C =52>7<>6=> ?@8>1@5AB8 A<8@5=85, 81> 2AO:89, A0< A>1>N =0CG82H89AO EC4>65AB2C, <=>3> > A515 <5GB05B. 0: O9F0, A>3@5205<K5 ?>4 :@K;LO<8, >682>B2>@ONBAO, B0: 8 ?><KA;K, A:@K205<K5 >B 4CE>2=>3> >BF0, ?@52@0I0NBAO 2 45;0. 0: :>@01;L, 8<5NI89 E>@>H53> :>@<G53>, ?@8 ?><>I8 >6859, 157154=> 2E>48B 2 ?@8AB0=L, B0: 8 4CH0, 8<5O 4>1@>3> ?0ABK@O, C4>1=> 2>AE>48B =0 =51>, E>BO 8 <=>3> 3@5E>2 =5:>340 A>45;0;0. 0: =5 8<5NI89 ?CB52>48B5;O C4>1=> 701;C6405BAO =0 A2>5< ?CB8, E>BO 1K 8 25AL<0 1K; C<5=, B0: 8 84CI89 A0<>2;0AB=> ?CB5< 8=>G5AB20 ;53:> ?>38105B, E>BO 1K 8 2AN <C4@>ABL <8@0 A53> 7=0;. !22. 0@A>=>D89 8 >0==.  B> E>G5B 1KBL 8=>:><, B>B >B=N4L =8 2 G5< =5 4>;65= 8<5BL A2>59 2>;8. %@8AB>A >A?>4L, =0CG0O =0A A5<C, A:070;: !=84>E A =515A5, =5 40 B2>@N 2>;N >N (=. 6, 38). A;8 65 BK >4=> 1C45HL 8A?>;=OBL, 0 >B 4@C3>3> >B:07K20BLAO, B> B5< ?>:065HL, GB> BK @0AAC48B5;L=55 ?>25;520NI53> B515, 0 MB> B> 65 5ABL, GB> 1KBL ?>@C30=C >B 15A>2. B0:, BK 4>;65= A;CH0BLAO 2> 2A5<, E>BO 1K B515 8 :070;>AL, GB> 45;> ?>2545==>5 =51573@5H=>. 220, =07=0G0NI89 B515 >=>5, ?>=5A5B 3@5E B2>9, 8 A =53> 27KI5BAO >B25B 70 B51O. A;8 45;> :@09=5 4;O B51O =5C4>1=> 8 >?0A=> 8;8 2KH5 A8; B2>8E, >1JOA=8 B> 0225 8 A45;09, :0: >= @0AAC48B. 220 >@>D59.  A;8 BK ?@51K205HL 2 ?>A;CH0=88, B> =8:>340 =5 25@L A2>5<C A5@4FC, 81> >=> >A:25@=O5BAO 25BE8<8 ?@8AB@0AB8O<8. 8 2 G5< =5 A;54C9 A2>5<C AC645=8N 8 A0< =8G53> =5 =07=0G09 A515 157 2>?@>H5=8O 8 A>25B0. 5 4C<09 8 =5 ?@54?>;0309, GB> BK ;CGH5 8 ?@0254=55 A2>53> =0AB02=8:0, 8 =5 8AA;54K209 45; 53>. >ABC?0O B0:, BK 1C45HL ?>28=>20BLAO A?>:>9=> 8 157>?0A=> 84B8 ?CB5< >BF>2 =0H8E. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  5 4><>309AO 708<AB2>20BLAO A>25B>< C G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9 =5 2545B >48=0:>2>3> A B>1>N >1@070 687=8, E>BO >= 8 :@09=5 <C4@. >25@L ?><KA; B2>9 ;CGH5 G5;>25:C =5CG5=><C, => >?KB=> 8725402H5<C 45;>, =565;8 CG5=><C D8;>A>DC, :>B>@K9 @0AAC6405B ?> A2>8< 8AA;54>20=8O<, =5 8A?KB02 =0 45;5. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  / 7=0N <>=0E>2, :>B>@K5 ?>A;5 <=>38E B@C4>2 ?0;8 8 ?>425@3;8AL 157C<8N, ?>B><C GB> ?>=045O;8AL =0 A2>8 45;0 8 ?@57@5;8 70?>2548 ">3>, B> A:070;: >?@>A8 >BF0 B2>53>, 8 2>725AB8B B515 (B>@. 32, 7).  5I5 !2. 8A0=85 3>2>@8B: <65 =5ABL C?@02;5=8O, ?040NB 0:8 ;8AB285 (@8BG. 11,14), 8 70?>254C5B =8G53> =5 45;0BL 157 A>25B0, B0: GB> =5 ?>72>;O5B 4065 4CE>2=>5 ?8B85, 25A5;OI55 A5@4F5 G5;>25:0, ?8BL 157 A>25B0: 157 A>25B0 =8G5A>65 B2>@8 (!8@. 32, 21.) 8 A A>25B>< ?59 28=>. '5;>25:, 157 A>25B0 45;0NI89 A2>8 45;0, ?>E>48B =0 3>@>4 =5>3@0645==K9, 2 :>B>@K9 :B> =8 70E>G5B 2E>48B 8 @0AE8I05B 53> A>:@>28I5. !?@0H820BL 4@C38E A2. =B>=89 AG8B0; AB>;L A?0A8B5;L=K< 45;><, GB> 4065 A0<  CG8B5;L 2A5E  >1@0I0;AO A 2>?@>A>< : CG5=8:C A2>5<C, ?@5CA?52H5<C, >4=0:> 6, 8 :0: B>B A:070;, B0: 8 ?>ABC?0;. 1> :>340 0220 =B>=89 ?>;CG8; >B 8<?5@0B>@0 >=AB0=F8O ?@83;0H5=85 ?@81KBL 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L, B> >1@0B8;AO : 02;C @5?@>AB><C A 2>?@>A><: «>;6=> ;8 <=5 84B8?»  :>340 B>B A:070;: «A;8 ?>945HL, 1C45HL =B>=89, 0 5A;8 =5 ?>945HL, B> 1C45HL 0220 =B>=89» B> A?>:>9=> >AB0;AO =0 <5AB5. @5?. 8; !8=09A:89.  >B >B;8G8B5;L=K5 G5@BK >30 8 G5;>25:0, @52=CNI53> >1 C?>4>1;5=88 >3C: B8E>ABL, =57;>185, =53=52;82>ABL, =57028AB;82>ABL, 1;03>B2>@8B5;L=>ABL, A>AB@040B5;L=>ABL, 1;N45=85 ?>;L7K 4@C38E, >1I8B5;L=>ABL, CA;C6;82>ABL,  :>@>B:> A:070BL, 2A5, 2 G5< >18;85 1;03>AB8 O2;O5B >3, >B>@K9 A>;=F5 !2>5 A8O5B =0 7;KO 8 1;038O (D. 5, 45). @5?. D@5< !8@8=.  %>G5HL ;8 1KBL A2OBK< 8 =5?>@>G=K< E@0<>< >688<? A5340 8<59 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< >1@07 >689. >4 >1@07>< 65 >688< @07C<5N =5 87>1@065=85 :@0A:0<8, => B>B >1@07, :>B>@K9 682>?8AC5BAO 2 4CH5 4>1@K<8 45;0<8, 8 :@0A:8 4;O A53> =515A=>3> 2;04KG=53> >1@070 ACBL G8ABK5 ?><KA;K, A>2;5G5=85 2A53> 75<=>3> 8 G8AB0O 2A5340 687=L.   ( !)  @5?>4>1=K9 0220 >@>D59.  A5, C GB> 45;05B A =0<8 >3, :0:85 1K =8 ?>?CA:0;8AL =0< 8A:CH5=8O, = 2A5 45;05B 4;O =0H59 ?>;L7K, ;N1O 8 <8;CO =0A.  <K 4>;6=K, :0: A:070; 0?>AB>;, > 2A5< 1;03>40@8BL (D. 5, 20; 1 !>;. 5, 18) 1;03>ABL 3> 8 =8:>340 =5 ?5G0;8BLAO, 8 =5 <0;>4CH5AB2>20BL > A;CG0NI5<AO A =0<8, => 2A5, GB> A =0<8 1K205B, ?@8=8<0BL 157 A<CI5=8O A> A<8@5==><C4@85< 8 A =04564>N =0 >30, 25@CO, GB> 2A5, GB> =8 45;05B A =0<8 >3, = 45;05B ?> 1;03>AB8 !2>59, 87 ;N128 : =0<, 8 45;05B E>@>H>, 8 GB> MB> =5 <>65B 1KBL 8=0G5 E>@>H>, :0: B>;L:> B0:8< >1@07><. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  C45< A<>B@5BL 8 C<C4@OBLAO, :0: ?@>A;028BL >30. @>A;02;O5BAO 65 = =0<8 =5 8=0G5, :0: ?@>A;02;5= 1K; !K=><. > G5< !K= ?@>A;028; BF0 !2>53>, B5< 8 !0< ?@>A;02;5= 1K; >B BF0. C45< 8 <K 45;0BL B> 65 (GB> !K=) A> BI0=85<, GB>1 B5< ?@>A;028BL BF0 =0H53>, 65 5ABL =0 =515A5E, 1;03>2>;82H53> B0: =08<5=>20BLAO, 8 >B 53> 1KBL ?@>A;02;5==K< A;02>N !K=0, :>B>@>3> 8<5; = C 53>, ?@5645 <8@ =5 1KABL. -B> ACBL  :@5AB, 8;8 C<5@B285 2A5<C <8@C, A:>@18, 8A:CH5=8O 8 4@C385 AB@0AB8 %@8AB>2K, :>B>@K5 ?5@5=>AO A ?>;=K< B5@?5=85<, ?>4@0605< <K %@8AB>2K< AB@0ABO< 8 ?@>A;02;O5< B5< BF0 =0H53> 8 >30, :0: AK=K 3> ?> 1;03>40B8 8 A>=0A;54=8:8 %@8AB>2K. @5?. A00: !8@8=.  ;03>40@=>ABL ?@85<;NI53> ?>1C6405B 40NI53> 4020BL 40@K, 1>;LH85 ?@56=8E. B> =5 1;03>40@5= 70 <5=LH55, B>B 8 2 1>;LH5< ;682 8 =5A?@0254;82. @>2>4=8: 40@>2 >688E : G5;>25:C 5ABL A5@4F5, =5?@5AB0==> 42868<>5 : 1;03>40@5=8N, 0 ?@>2>4=8: 8A:CH5=8O 2 4CH5 5ABL ?><KH;5=85 @>?>B;82>5, 2A5340 42868<>5 2 A5@4F5. #AB0, 2A5340 1;03>40@OI85, ?@85<;NB 1;03>A;>25=85 >B >30 8 2 A5@4F5, ?@51K20NI55 2 1;03>40@5=88, =8AE>48B 2=570?=0O 1;03>40BL. !"/ #% !/" 7 ?>CG5=89 CG8B5;59 &5@:28.  >B ?@87=0:8 1;03>40B=>3> ?@8ACBAB28O !2OB>3> CE0 2 A5@4F0E =0H8E. > CG5=8N 0;. 02;0, ?@87=0:8 >18B0=8O 2 =0A !2OB>3> CE0 ACBL ?@0240 8 <8@ 8 @04>ABL > CA5 !2OB5 ( 8<. 14,17). ). 4=> 87 >B;8G8B5;L=KE 459AB289 !2OB>3> CE0, ?> :>B>@><C <>6=> 70:;NG0BL > ?@8ACBAB288 3> 2 G5;>25:5, 5ABL ?@0240, 8;8 AB0@0=85 G5;>25:0 2A5340 8 2> 2A5< 459AB2>20BL A?@0254;82>. "0:CN ?@024C 8<5NI89 2 A515 CE0 !2OB>3> ?>:07K205B 8 2 >B=>H5=88 : >3C, 8 2 >B=>H5=88 : A0<><C A515. >30 :0: 25;8G09H53> ;03>45B5;O 8 BF0 ;N125>18;L=>3> >= ?> A?@0254;82>AB8 ;N18B 2A5< A5@4F5< 8 2A5N 4CH>N; :0: !CI5AB2> 2A52KA>G09H55 8 A>25@H5==59H55  GB8B A 3;C1>G09H8< 1;03>3>25=85<; :0: "2>@F0, @><KA;8B5;O 8 !C48N  A;CH05B A> 2A5N 1;03>?>:>@=>ABLN 8 ?>MB><C AB0@05BAO 2 B>G=>AB8 8A?>;=OBL 2A5 70?>2548 3>.  70?>2548 >689, 8A?>;=5=85< :>B>@KE 8=K5 B0: BO3>BOBAO, 4;O =53> =5 B>;L:> BO6:8 =5 ACBL (1 =. 5, 3), => 5I5 A>AB02;ONB 1;03>5 8 ;53:>5 83> (D. 11, 30).  >B=>H5=88 : 1;86=8< 8<5NI89 2 A515 CE0 !2OB>3> ?>:07K205B ?@024C B5<, GB> =5 B>;L:> =5 45;05B 8< <0;59H59 >184K =8 45;><, =8 A;>2><, => 4065 8 2 <KA;OE A2>8E =5 65;05B 8< =8G53> EC4>3>, 0 2A5340 ?>ABC?05B A =8<8 A?@0254;82>, AB0@0OAL 2>74020BL, ?> 70?>2548 0?>AB>;0, 2A5< 4>;6=0O: 5<C65 (C1>) C@>:, C@>:: (0) 5<C65 40=L, 40=L: (0) 5<C65 AB@0E, AB@0E: (8) 5<C65 G5ABL, G5ABL ( 8<. 13, 7). <5NI89 CE0 !2OB>3> 8 2 >B=>H5=88 : A515 A0<><C 459AB2C5B A> AB@>3>9 ?@024>N, 8<5==>: >= =5 <C4@AB2C5B > A515, ?> 2K@065=8N 0?>AB>;0, ?0G5, 565 ?>4>105B <C4@AB2>20B8 ( 8<. 12, 3), B.5. =5 ?@5C25;8G8205B A2>8E 4>AB>8=AB2 8 =5 3>@48BAO, =5 =04<5205BAO ?@54 4@C38<8; >= =8 2 G5< =5 ?>72>;O5B A515 :@824K, 0 ?>B><C =8:>340 =5 ;C:028B, =5 ;65B 8 =5 >1<0=K205B, => 2A5340 3>2>@8B ACICN ?@024C, 8 A;>20 ?@074=>3>, 0 B5< ?0G5 3=8;>3>, 2@54=>3> 8 A>1;07=8B5;L=>3>, =5 8AE>48B 87 CAB 53> (D. 5, 37; 12,36. D. 4, 29). ). ! B0:>N ?@024>N 2 G5;>25:5, 8A?>;=5==>< CE0 !2OB>3>, A>548=O5BAO <8@. -B> <8@ A>25@H5==K9  B@>9AB25==K9: <8@ A >3><, A 1;86=8<8 8 A A0<8< A>1>N. A?>;=5==K9 CE0 !2OB>3> =5 B>;L:> =5 2@064C5B ?@>B82 >30 =0<5@5==>, =5 >A:>@1;O5B 3> :>IC=AB2><, AC5<C4@85<, A2OB>B0BAB2>< 8 >B?045=85< >B &5@:28 3>, :0: B> 45;0NB ;N48 =5G5AB82K5, => 2A5<5@=> >AB5@5305BAO 2A53>, GB> <>65B ?@>3=520BL >A?>40, 8 AB0@05BAO 45;0BL B>;L:> B>, GB> <>65B, GB> ?@8OB=> 4;O 53>. A?>;=5==K9 CE0 !2OB>3> 8<55B <8@ 8 A 1;86=8<8: 81> =5 B>;L:> A0< >= =8:>340 =5 2@064C5B ?@>B82 =8E =8 A;>2><, =8 45;><, => 5I5 701>B8BAO > B><, GB>1K 8 >=8 =5 8<5;8 =5?@8O7=8 : =5<C, 0 ?>B><C 45;05B 2A5 2>7<>6=>5 A 53> AB>@>=K, GB>1K B>;L:> A>E@0=8BL <8@ A =8<8. 0:>=5F, 8A?>;=5==K9 CE0 !2OB>3> 8<55B 3;C1>:89 <8@ A A>1>N; 81> A>25ABL 53> =5 15A?>:>8B 53> =8 70 :0:85 EC4K5 45;0, ?>@>G=K5 AB@0AB8 =5 2>;=CNB 53>, 7028ABL =5 <CG8B 53>; 5A;8 65 >= :>340 A>3@5H8B 2 G5<-=81C4L, B> B>BG0A @0A:08205BAO ?@54 >3><, AB0@05BAO 703;048BL A>45O==>5 8< 7;> 8, B25@4> 25@CO 2 1;03>ABL >A?>40 8 >G8AB8B5;L=CN A8;C 87;8O==>9 70 =0A :@>28 !?0A8B5;O, CB5H05B A51O <KA;LN, GB> >3 ?@>AB8B 53> A>3@5H5=8O, 8 ?>B><C 1K205B A?>:>5= 2 4CH5 A2>59. ). <5AB5 A <8@>< !2OB>9 CE 87;8205B 2 A5@4F5 25@CNI53> @04>ABL ( 8<. 15,13). > MB> =5 B0:0O @04>ABL, :0:CN 8<5NB A<5NI85AO =K=5; >=0 =5 ?;>BA:0O, 0 4CE>2=0O.  2>-?5@2KE, 8A?>;=5==K9 CE0 !2OB>3> @04C5BAO > >A?>45, A>75@F0O =587@5G5==K5 3> A>25@H5=AB20, :>B>@K5, :064>5 2 >B45;L=>AB8 8 2A5 2 A>2>:C?=>AB8, A>AB02;ONB =5873;03>;0==CN :@0A>BC; 2>-2B>@KE, @04C5BAO >= > A?0A5=88 A2>5<, 682> ?@54AB02;OO A515 BC 1574=C 3@5E0 8 <CG5=8O, 87 :>B>@>9 871028; 53> >A?>4L ?> 25;8:>9 !2>59 <8;>AB8; =0:>=5F, @04C5BAO >= 2>>1@060O B5 25;8:85 1;030, :>B>@>5 C3>B>20; >3 ;N1OI8< 3>, 8 :>B>@KE >= =0455BAO 2:CA8BL =5:>340 2 &0@AB25 515A=><; 81> ACI89 2 =5< 70;>3 CE0 !2OB>3> C25@O5B 53>, GB> >= ?>A8;L=> ?>42870;AO ?>4283>< 4>1@K< 8 ?>MB><C A>1;N405BAO 4;O =53> =0 =515 25=5F ?@024K, 53>65 2>740AB 5<C >A?>4L 2 45=L AC4=K9 (2 "8<. 4, 7-8). >B :0:>20 ?@0240, :0:>2 <8@ 8 :0:0O @04>ABL 1K205B 2 25@CNI8E, 8A?>;=5==KE CE0 !2OB>3>. "5?5@L >1@0B8<, 1@0B85, 2=8<0=85 =0 A0<8E A51O, 703;O=5< 2 A5@4F0 A2>8 8 ?>A<>B@8<: =0E>48BAO ;8 2 =8E 4@03>F5==K9 70;>3 CE0 !2OB>3>. @5?. =B>=89 5;8:89.  / <>;8;AO > 20A, 40 A?>4>18B5AL 8 2K ?>;CG8BL ">3> 25;8:>3> 8 >3=5==>3> CE0, >B>@>3> ?>;CG8; O. A;8 E>B8B5 3> ?>;CG8BL B0:, GB>1K = ?@51K; 2 20A, ?@8=5A8B5 ?@5645 B@C4K B5;5A=K5 8 A<8@5=85 A5@4F0 8, 2>AB>@30O ?><KH;5=8O A2>8 =0 =51> 45=L 8 =>GL, 27KI8B5 A ?@02>B>N A5@4F0 CE0 !53> >3=5==>3>, 8 = 40ABAO 20<. !8< >1@07>< ?>;CG8; 3> ;8O $5A28BO=8= 8 ;8A59 A ?@>G8<8 ?@>@>:0<8. B> 2>745;K205B A51O MB8< 2>745;K20=85<, B><C 405BAO CE !59 =02A5340 8 =025:8. @51C4LB5 2 <>;8B20E A ?@51>;57=5==K< 8A:0=85< >B 2A5E A5@45F 20H8E 8 40ABAO 20<, 81> CE ">B >18B05B 2 ?@02KE A5@4F0E.  =, :>340 ?@8=OB 1C45B, >B:@>5B 20< 2KAH85 B09=K 8 1C45B5 2 MB>< B5;5, :0: B5 :>8 C65 =0E>4OBAO 2 &0@AB288. ! / @5?>4>1=K9 =B>=89 5;8:89.  !:>;L:> =5?>AB868<0 A8;0 8 <>3CI5AB2> >688, AB>;L:> =5?>AB868<K 8 459AB28O 3>. 0: =587<5@8<0 3> ?@5<C4@>ABL, B0: 8 =58AA;548<K ?CB8 3> ( 8<. 11, 33). @5?. @A5=89 5;8:89.  >?@>A8; >4=064K 0220 @A5=89 >4=>3> 87 538?5BA:8E AB0@F52 > A2>8E ?><KA;0E. -B> C2845; =5:>B>@K9 1@0B 8 A?@>A8; 53>: «220 @A5=89! ?>G5<C BK, 1C4CG8 AB>;L:> A254CI 2 CG5=>AB8 @5F88 8 8<0, 2>?@>H05HL > B2>8E ?><KA;0E MB>3>, GC64>3> 2AO:>9 CG5=>AB8?» @A5=89 >B25G0;: «0C:8 @5F88 8 8<0 O 7=0N, => 5I5 =5 C7=0; 0;D028B0, :>B>@K9 ?@5?>405BAO MB8<, =8G53> =5 7=0NI8< 2 CG5=>AB8 <8@0».  A;8 27KI5< >30, B> = O28BAO =0<, 8 5A;8 1C45< C45@6820BL 3> 2 A515, B> = ?@51C45B A =0<8.  !:070; 0220 0@: 0225 @A5=8N: «> :0:>9 ?@8G8=5 BK 8715305HL >1I5AB20 8 15A54K A =0<8?»@A5=89 >B25G0;: «=05B >3, GB> O ;N1;N 20A, => =5 <>3C 1KBL 2<5AB5 8 A >3>< 8 A G5;>25:0<8. 0 =515 BKAOG8 8 BKAOG8 8<5NB >4=C 2>;N, 0 C G5;>25:>2 2>;O <=>3>>1@07=0 8 ?>B><C =5 <>3C, >AB0282 >30, 1KBL A G5;>25:0<8».  >340 =0AB0;> 4;O 022K @A5=8O 2@5<O :>=G8=K, B>340 1@0B8O, 1K2H85 ?@8 =5<, C2845;8, GB> >= ?;0G5B. @0B8O A:070;8 5<C: «B5F! 5C65;8 8 BK AB@0H8HLAO?» = >B25G0;: «!B@0HCAL! !B@0E, >ICI05<K9 <=>N 2 =0AB>OI89 G0A, ?@51K20; A> <=>N A B>3> 2@5<5=8, :0: O A45;0;AO <>=0E><».  220 30D>=, :>340 2845; :0:>5-;81> 45;>, 8 ?><KA; ?>1C640; 53> : >AC645=8N, 3>2>@8; A0< A515: «30D>=! "K =5 A45;09 MB>3>». A08O >BH5;L=8:.  B:C40 <>3C 7=0BL, C3>45= ;8 O >3C, GB>1K A:070BL 1@0BC: ?>ABC?8 B0: 8;8 8=0G5. !0< =0E>6CAL 5I5 ?>4 83>< ?>:0O=8O ?> ?@8G8=5 3@5E>2 <>8E.  0;>5 >1;0:>, =0H54H8 =0 A>;=F5, ?5@5A5:05B 459AB285 8 A25B0 8 B5?;>BK 53>: ?>9<8B5 87 MB>3> ?@8<5@0 459AB285 <5;>G59 =0 ?>4286=8:0, =5 ?>=8<05<>5 =57=0NI8<8 ACI5AB25==> <>=0H5A:>9 687=8.  ?040NI89 2 3@5E =5 <>65B =0CG8BL B><C, :0: =5 2?040BL 2 =53>.  5=5F 4>1@>45B5;59  ;N1>2L, 25=5F AB@0AB59  >?@0240=85 3@5E>2 A2>8E.  A;8 A:06CB > B515 GB> =5A?@0254;82> 8 BK A<CB8HLAO, B> =5B 2 B515 AB@0E0 >68O. @5?. A00: !8@88.  @8=>A8 >3C ?@>H5=8O B2>8 A>>1@07=> 25;8G8N 3>, GB>1K 2>72KA8;>AL ?@54 8< 4>AB>8=AB2> B2>5, 8 = 2>7@04>20;AO 1K > B515. A;8 :B> ?>?@>A8B C F0@O =51>;LH>5 :>;8G5AB2> 3@O78, B> =5 B>;L:> >15AG5AB8B A51O =8GB>6=>ABLN ?@>H5=8O, :0: 2K:0702H89 1>;LH>5 =5@07C<85, => 8 F0@N =0=5A5B >A:>@1;5=85 A2>8< ?@>H5=85<. "0: ?>ABC?05B 8 B>B, :B> 2 <>;8B20E ?@>A8B G53>-=81C4L 75<=>3>. =35;K 8 @E0=35;K  MB8 25;L<>68 515A=>3> &0@O  A<>B@OB =0 B51O 2> 2@5<O <>;8B2K B2>59, 2=8<0O B><C, G53> ?@>A8HL BK C ;04K:8 8E: >=8 C482;ONBAO 8 @04CNBAO, :>340 C284OB, GB> A>AB02;5==K9 87 75<;8, >AB02O ?;>BL A2>N, ?@>A8B =515A=>3>; =0?@>B82, >=8 >3>@G0NBAO =0 B>3>, :B>, >AB0282 =515A=>5, ?@>A8B A2>59 3@O78.  !>:@>28I5 A<8@5==><C4@>3> 2=CB@8 =53>, >=>  >A?>4L.  51> =0E>48BAO 2=CB@8 B51O, 5A;8 BK G8AB; 2 A0<>< A515 BK C2848HL =35;>2 8 A2OBKE 8E, 0 A =8<8 8 2 =8E 8 ;04K:C 8E. @5?. >0== >;>2.  B> :@5?G5 ;L20? > 8 >= 87-70 G@520 A2>53> ?>?0405B 2 A5BL, B>340 2AO A8;0 53> =5 A;C68B =8 : G5<C. >0==, 83C<5= 2 08D5.  'B> <>65B 3@5E B0<, 345 ?>:0O=85? 0:>5 <>65B 8<5BL ?@5A?5O=85 ;N1>2L B0<, 345 3>@4K=O?! 220 >A8D 38?5BA:89.  A;8 E>G5HL >1@5AB8 ?>:>9 2 MB>< 8 2 1C4CI5< 25:5, B> ?@8 2AO:>< A;CG05 3>2>@8 A515: O  :B>? 8 =5 >AC6409 =8:>3>.  220 >=38= A:070; 0225 C:80=C: «%>GC C40;8BLAO >B G5;>25:>2». !B0@5F >B25G0;: «A;8 ?@5645 =5 ?@82545HL A51O 2 ?@028;L=>5 =0AB@>5=85, ?@51K20O <564C G5;>25:0<8, B> =5 2>7<>65HL ABO60BL 53>, 682O =0548=5. @5?. 8<5= 5;8:89.  >:>;5 :>B5; @07>3@5B 3>@OI8< ?>4 =8< >3=5<, 4>B>;5 =5 45@70NB ?@8:0A0BLAO : =5<C =8 <CE0, =8 :0:>5 4@C3>5 ?@5A<K:0NI55AO. >340 65 :>B5; >ABK=5B, B>340 A2>1>4=> A04OBAO =0 =53> 2A5 304K. "0: 8 8=>:: 4>:>;5 ?@51K205B 2 4CE>2=>< 45;0=88, 4>B>;5 2@038 =5 =0E>4OB 2>7<>6=K< ?>1548BL 53>. !2. C:80=.  >340 65 =0ABC?8; ?@074=8: >3>O2;5=8O >A?>4=O, B> A2OB>9 C:80= ?>65;0;, GB>1K 5<C 8 2A5< =0E>482H8<AO A =8< (2 BN@L<5, >= ?>AB@040; ?@8 0;5@88 8 8>:;8B80=5) E@8AB80=0< 4>72>;5=> 1K;> ?@8G0AB8BLAO !2OBKE %@8AB>2KE "09=. = ?><>;8;AO >3C, 401K ?>;CG8BL 65;05<>5, 8 >3 CAB@>8; B0:, GB> ?> =54>A<>B@C AB@068, =5:>B>@K5 87 25@CNI8E A>1@0;8AL : C:80=C 2 B5<=8FC 8 ?@8=5A;8 E;51 8 28=>. ">340 A2. C:80= A:070; CG5=8:0< A2>8< 8 2A5< E@8AB80=0<, =0E>482H8<AO 2 B5<=8F5:  AB0=LB5 2>:@C3 <5=O 8 1C45B5 &5@:>2LN, 81> O 25@CN, GB> &5@:>2L 6820O ;CGH5 8 1;03>?@8OB=55 4;O >30, G5< ?>AB@>5==0O 87 45@520 8;8 :0<=O. >340 70B5< 2A5 >1ABC?8;8 C:80=0, >= A:070;:  !>25@H8< ;8BC@38N 8 ?@8G0AB8<AO >65AB25==KE "09=. #G5=8:8 A?@>A8;8 53>:  45 65 <K, >BG5, ?>;>68< E;51 4;O A>25@H5=8O !2OBKE "09=!  # =0A =5B 745AL AB>;0. = 65, 2>7;560 A2O70==K9, ;8F>< :25@EC, A:070;:  >;>68B5 C <5=O =0 3@C48, 8 1C45B 682>9 ?@5AB>; 682><C >3C. "0:, 2 B5<=8F5, =0 3@C48 A2OB>3> A>25@H8;0AL >65AB25==0O ;8BC@38O, A> 2A5<8 =04;560I8<8 <>;8B20<8  G8==>, :0: ?>4>105B, 8 2A5 A?>4>18;8AL ?@8G0AB8BLAO !2OBKE >65AB25==KE "09=. #"( !" ;065==K9 804>E.  A;8 4CH0 .=5:>;51;NI8<AO 8 =5<5GB0B5;L=K< 42865=85< 2>A?;0<5=8BAO : ;N128 >6859, 2;5G0 2 3;C18=C A59 =587@5G5==>9 ;N128 8 A0<>5 B5;>,  2 1>4@AB2>20=88 ;8 B> 8;8 ?@8 ?>3@C65=88 2 A>= 2>7459AB2C5<>3> A2OB>N 1;03>40B8N ?>4286=8:0, <564C B5< :0: 4CH0 A>25@H5==> =8 > G5< 4@C3>< =5 ?><KH;O5B :@><5 B>3> >4=>3>, : G5<C 2>71C645=0,  B> 2540BL =04;568B, GB> MB> 5ABL 459AB2> !2OB>3> CE0. C4CG8 2AO ?@58A?>;=5=0 ?@8OB=K<8 GC2AB20<8 >B =587@5G5==>9 >=>9 >65AB25==>9 A;04>AB8, >=0 8 =5 <>65B 2 BC ?>@C ?><KH;OBL =8 > G5< 4@C3><, 0 B>;L:> GC2AB2C5B A51O >1@04>20==>N =58AB>I8<>N =5:>N @04>AB8N. A;8 65 ?@8 B0:>< 2>71C645=88 C< 2>A?@88<5B :>;510=85 =5:>5 A><=8B5;L=>5 8;8 =5G8AB>5 :0:>5 ?><KH;5=85 8 5A;8 ?@8 A5< !2OBK< >A?>4=8< 8<5=5< 1C45B ?>;L7>20BLAO 4;O >B2@0I5=8O 7;0, 0 =5 ?0G5 ?> >4=>9 ;N128 : >3C, B> 2540BL =04;568B, GB> >15I0=85 B>  >B ?@5;LAB8B5;O 8 5ABL B>;L:> ?@87@0: @04>AB8. !2. 0A8;89 5;8:89.  587@5G5==K 2A5F5;> 8 =5>?8A0==K <>;=85=>A=K5 1;8AB0=8O >65AB25==>9 :@0A>BK; =8 A;>2> =5 <>65B 2K@078BL A53>, =8 A;CE 2<5AB8BL. 08<5=C5< ;8 1;5A: 45==8FK 8;8 A25B>< ;C=K, 8;8 A8O=85< A>;=F0  2A5 MB> =54>AB>9=> : C?>4>1;5=8N A;02K 8 2 A@02=5=88 A 8AB8==K< A25B>< 40;55 >BAB>8B >B =53>, =565;8 3;C1>:0O =>GL 8 C60A=59H0O BL<0 >B ?>;C45==>9 OA=>AB8. A;8 :@0A>B0 A8O, =57@8<0O B5;5A=K<8 >G0<8, 0 ?>AB868<0O B>;L:> 4CH>N 8 <KA;8N, >70@O;0 :>3>-;81> 87 A2OBKE 8 >AB02;O;0 2 =8E =52K=>A8<>5 CO72;5=85 65;0=85<, B>, 2>7<CI5==K5 745H=5N 687=LN, 3>2>@8;8 >=8: C2K <=5, O:> ?@8H5;JAB285 <>5 ?@>4>;68AO (A. 119,5) @07@5H8B8AO 8 A> %@8AB>< 1KB8 ($8;. 1, 23) <=>3> ?0G5 ;CGH5; BO3>BOAL A5N 687=LN, :0: C78;8I5<, A:>;L:> 1K;8 =5C45@68<K 2 AB@5<;5=8OE : >3C B5, : :>8E :>A=C;>AL 4CH8 >65AB25==>5 65;0=85. > ?@8G8=5 =5=0AKB8<>3> 65;0=8O A>75@F0BL >65AB25==CN :@0A>BC, >=8 <>;8;8AL > B><, GB>1K 7@5=85 :@0A>BK >6859 ?@>AB8@0;>AL =0 2AN 25G=CN 687=L. !!" (!!"/ ! &/) @5?>4>1=K9 !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  8 : B><C, :B> 1>3>A;>2AB2C5B, =5 845B ?>:0O=85, =8 : B><C, :B> :05BAO, =5 845B 1>3>A;>2AB2>20=85. 1> A:>;L:> >BAB>8B 2>AB>: >B 70?040, AB>;L:> 1>3>A;>285 (A>75@F0=85) 2KH5 ?>:0O=8O. B> =0E>48BAO 2 A>AB>O=88 ?>:0O=8O, B>B A51O 8<55B, :0: G5;>25: 1>;L=>9, 45=L 70 4=5< ?@>6820NI89 A@548 @07=5<>30=89, 8;8 :0: 154=K9, >45BK9 2 @C18I5 8 ?@>AOI89 <8;>ABK=N.  :B> 1>3>A;>2AB2C5B (A>75@F05B 4CE>2=K9 <8@ 8 >30), B>B ?>E>48B =0 G5;>25:0, :>B>@K9 ?@>2>48B 2@5<O 2 F0@A:8E ?0;0B0E 2 A25B;>< F0@A:>< C1>@5, 2A5340 =0E>48BAO 1;87 F0@O, 15A54C5B A =8< 8 >B =53> A0<>3> A;KH8B OA=> ?>25;5=8O 53>, 8 2A5, G53> >= E>G5B. ;06. 804>E.  A5 40@K >30 =0H53> 4>1@K 25;L<8 8 2A51;03>?>40B5;L=K, => =8 >48= 87 =8E B0: =5 2>A?>;=O5B 8 =5 ?>428305B A5@4F0 : 2>7;N1;5=8N 3> 1;03>AB8, :0: 1>3>A;>2AB2>20=85 (=5 =0CG=>5, 0 A>AB>O=85 A>75@F0=8O). 1> >=>, 1C4CG8 ?5@259H8< ?>@>645=85< 1;03>AB8 >6859, ?5@259H85 8 40@K ?>405B 4CH5. >-?5@2KE, >=> @0A?>;0305B =0A A @04>AB8N ?@578@0BL 2AO:85 ?@8OB=K5 CB5E8 68B59A:85, B0: :0: 2 =5< <K 8<55< 2<5AB> ?@5E>4OI8E CB5E =587@5G5==>5 1>30BAB2> A;>25A >688E.  ?>B><, >=> >3=5==K< =5:88< 87<5=5=85< C< =0H >70@O5B 8 G@57 B> 45;05B 53> >1I=8:>< A;C651=KE 4CE>2. >AB>4>;6=> C1> ?@83>B>282H8AL, ?>B5G5< : A59 4>1@>45B5;8 1;03>;5?=>9, 2A57@8B5;L=>9, 2AO:>5 ?>?5G5=85 75<=>5 ?>A5:0NI59, 2 >70@5=88 A25B0 =587@5G5==>3> C< ?8B0NI59 A;>25A0<8 >688<8 8,  GB>1 =5 3>2>@8BL <=>3>,  A;>25A=CN @07C<=CN 4CHC : =5@0745;L=><C >15I0=8N A >3>< !;>2>< 1;03>CAB@>ONI59 G@57 A2OBKE ?@>@>:>2. 0 8 2 4CH0E G5;>25:>2  >, 482=>5 GC4>,  CAB@>82 1>3>3;0A=K5 ?5A=8, A8O >65AB25==0O =525AB>2>48B5;L=8F0 ?>5B 3@><:> 25;8G8O >688.  #< 1>3>A;>2A:89, A0<8<8 A;>25A0<8 >688<8 CA;06405<K9 2 4CH5 8 ?0;8<K9, 4>AB8305B A2>8E <5@ 15AAB@0AB8O 2 4>AB0B>G=>9 H8@>B5. 1> A;>25A0 >A?>4=O A;>25A0 G8AB0, A@51@> @07665=>, 8A:CH5=> 75<;8 (A. 11, 7).  C< 7=0B5;L=K9, CB25@640OAL =0 8A?KB0=88 1;03>40B=K< 2>7459AB285<, 1K205B 2KH5 AB@0AB59. :CH05B 8 1>3>A;>2 >?KB0 7=0B5;L=>3>, 5A;8 A<8@5==59H85 2>42>@8B 2 A515 @0A?>;>65=8O, ?@8G0I05BAO 8 7=0B5;L 2 =5:>59 <5@5 A>75@F0B5;L=>9 4>1@>45B5;8, 5A;8 =5 ?>3@5H8B5;L=>N 8<55B @0AAC48B5;L=CN G0ABL 4CH8. 1> >10 A88 40@>20=8O =5 A;CG05BAO :064><C ABO60BL 2 A>25@H5=AB25, GB>1K :064K9 87 8<5NI8E >4=> 87 =8E, 482OAL B><C, G5< ?@52>AE>48B 53> 4@C3>9, ?@5CA?520; 2 A<8@5==><C4@88 A @52=>AB8N >?@0240==>9 687=8. ?>AB>; 8 3>2>@8B: >2><C 1> CE>< 405BAO A;>2> ?@5<C4@>AB8, 8=><C 65 A;>2> @07C<0, > B>< 65 CA5 (1>@.12,8).  %!"   ! ! .)# !!"",  59AB2> A2OB>3> 2545=8O, ?> A2>9AB2C A2>5<C, =5<0;> A:>@15BL 70AB02;O5B =0A, :>340, ?> =5:>5<C @074@065=8N, 4>A0482 :><C-;81>, A>45;K205< 53> 2@03>< A515. 0 MB> >=> =8:>340 =5 ?5@5AB05B CO72;OBL A>25ABL =0HC, ?>:0 ?>A@54AB2>< >1JOA=5=89 8 8728=5=89 =5 CA?55< 2>725AB8 >A:>@1;5==>3> 2 ?@56=55 : =0< 1;03>@0A?>;>65=85. 1> B5<, :>B>@K5 65;0NB 8<5BL 2545=85 > >35, 4>;6=> 8 ;8F0 =5?@02> 3=520NI8EAO ?@54AB02;OBL 2 C<5 A 1573=52=K< ?><KA;><. >340 65 MB> 1C45B, B>340 C< =5 B>;L:> 2 >1;0AB8 1>3>A;>28O AB0=5B =5?>3@5H8B5;L=> 2@0I0BLAO, => 8 2 45;5 ;N128 A ?>;=K< 45@7=>25=85< 2>72KA8BAO, :0: 1K 2>AE>4O A> 2B>@>9 AB5?5=8 =0 ?5@2CN. @5?. 0:A8< 8A?>254=8:.  5;0O 1>3>A;>2AB2>20BL, =5 8I8, GB> 5ABL >3 2 !515 !0<><; 81> MB>3> =5 =0945B =5 B>;L:> G5;>25G5A:89 C<, => =8 C< :>3>-;81> 4@C3>3> 87 ACI8E ?>A;5 >30. > @0AA<0B@8209, ?> 2>7<>6=>AB8, >1;5:0NI85 3> A2>9AB20, :0: B>: ?@8A=>ACI=>ABL, 15A?@545;L=>ABL, =5>?8A0==>ABL, 1;03>ABL, ?@5<C4@>ABL 8 A8;C 2A5A>45OB5;L=CN, 2A5?@><KA;8B5;L=CN 8 AC4OICN 2A5 ACI55. 1> <564C ;N4L<8 B>B 25;8:89 1>3>A;>2, :B> E>BO =5A:>;L:> @0A:@K205B A88 A2>9AB20 >688.  ">B 1K205B A >3><, :B> 7=05B !2OBCN "@>8FC, 5 B2>@5=85 8 ?@><KH;5=85 8 :B> AB@0AB>?@85<=CN G0ABL 4CH8 A>45@68B 15AAB@0AB=>N.  #<>7@5=85, 5A;8 53> =5 >1C74K20BL, <>65B 2 ?@>?0ABL =8725@3=CBL.  !?>4>182H89AO ?>7=0=8O >30 8 ?>4;8==> 2:CA82H89 A;04>AB8 >=>3> ?@578@05B 2A5 C4>2>;LAB28O, @>640NI85AO >B 2>645;5B5;L=>9 A8;K.  >65AB2> 8 >65AB25==>5 2 =5:>B>@>< >B=>H5=88 ?>7=0205<>, 0 2 =5:>B>@><  =5 ?>7=0205<>. >7=0205<> A>75@F0=8O<8 > B><, GB> 5ABL >:@5AB 3>; =5 ?>7=0205<> 2 B><, GB> => 5ABL !0<> 2 !515.  ABL B@8 7;0  25;8G09H85 8 7;>=0G0;L=K5, 8 2AO:>3>, A:070BL ?@>AB>, 7;0 ?>@>48B5;8: =52545=85, A0<>;N185 8 =5=028ABL, 4@C3 A 4@C3>< @>4AB25==> A>G5B0==K5 8 2708<=> 4@C3 4@C30 ?>445@6820NI85. 1> >B =52545=8O >30  A0<>;N185, 0 >B MB>3> =5=028ABL 2 >B=>H5=88 : A>5AB5AB25==><C.  =8:B> =5 ?@>B82>@5G8B B><C, GB> ;C:02K9 ?@>872>48B 8 2>71C6405B 8E 2 =0A, =0CG0O =0A 7;>C?>B@51;OBL A2>8<8 A8;0<8: @07C<><, 2>645;5=85< 8 M=5@3859. !/)!" !:070=85 87 687=8 A2OB>3> $8;8<>=0.  #4>AB>5= 1C4CG8 ?@5A28B5@AB20 402=>, 402=>, 8 B0: ?@58A:@5==>, :>A=C2H8AL =515A=>3> 8 687=LN, 8 @07C<><, >= ?> 3;C1>:><C A<8@5=8N 2AOG5A:8 871530; >65AB25==KE A2OI5==>459AB289, :0: 1@5<5=8, B0: GB> 2 ?@>4>;65=85 <=>38E ;5B A2>53> ?>4286=8G5AB20 >= >G5=L @54:> A>3;0H0;AO ?@8ABC?0BL : A2. B@0?575 4;O A2OI5==>459AB289. > 8 >65AB25==KE "09= ?@8G0I0BLAO, =5A<>B@O =0 B0:CN >?0A;82CN 687=L, =5 ?@8G0I0;AO, :>340 A;CG0;>AL 5<C 2E>48BL 2 >1I5=85 8 15A54>20BL A ;N4L<8; E>BO ?@8 MB>< =5 3>2>@8;>AL 8< =8G53> 75<=>3>, => >4=> 4CH5?>;57=>5 4;O 8A:02H8E 15A54K A =8<.  :>340 =0<5@520;AO ?@8G0AB8BLAO >65AB25==KE "09=, B> ?@54 MB8< 4>;3> 4>:CG0; >3C, C<8;>AB82;OO 3> <>;8B20<8, ?A0;<>?5=8O<8 8 8A?>2540=8O<8. #60A0;AO >= 3;0A0 85@5520, :>B>@K9 2>73;0H05B ?@8 A5<, 3>2>@O: «!2OB0O A2OBK<!» 1> 2 MB> 2@5<O, 3>2>@8; >=, 2AO F5@:>2L 1K205B ?>;=0 A2. =35;>2 8 !0< &0@L !8;, B08=AB25==> A2OI5==>459AB2>202 8 E;51 8 28=> ?@5B2>@82 2 !2>5 "5;> 8 @>2L, G@57 !2. @8G0I5=85 2A5;O5BAO 2 A5@4F0 =0H8. >G5<C =04;568B =0< =5?>@>G=> 8 G8AB>, 8 :0: 1K 2=5 ?;>B8 1K20O, 157 2AO:>3> A><=5=8O 8 :>;510=8O, 45@70BL =0 A2. ?@8G0AB85 ?@5G8ABKE %@8AB>2KE "09=, GB>1K A45;0BLAO ?@8G0AB=K<8 1K20NI53> >B =8E ?@>A25I5=8O. =>385 87 A22. >BF>2 2845;8 A2. =35;>2, :>B>@K5 >AB5@530;8 8E >B 2A53> =5?>4>1=>3>, ?>G5<C 8 A0<8 A51O 45@60;8 2 3;C1>:>< <>;G0=88, =5 3>2>@O =8 A :5<. @5?. $5>3=>AB.  !?>4>182H8AL >65AB25==>3> 8 G5AB=>3> A2OI5=AB20, ?@5645 2A53> A51O A0<>3> >1O70= BK 2A5340 8<5BL ?@8=5A5==K< 2 65@B2C C<5@I2;5=85< AB@0AB59 8 A;0AB59 ?;>BA:8E; 8 B0:8< >1@07>< 45@70BL ?@8ABC?0BL : 82>B2>@=>9 8 !B@0H=>9 5@B25, 5A;8 =5 65;05HL 1KBL A>665= >65AB25==K< >3=5<, :0: :0:>5-;81> A3>@0NI55 25I5AB2>. 1>, 5A;8 !5@0D8< =5 45@7=C; 157 :;5I59 ?@8:>A=CBLAO : C3;N (A. 6, 6-7), :0: BK :>A=5HLAO 157 15AAB@0AB8O? '@57 =53> 65 BK 1C45HL 8<5BL 8 O7K: >A2OI5==K<, 8 CAB0 >G8I5==K<8, 8 4CHC =5?>@>G=>N 2<5AB5 A B5;><, 8 A0<K5 @C:8 ?0G5 2AO:>3> 7;0B0 1;5ABOI8<8, :0: A;C3 ?@55AB5AB25==>3> >3=O 8 65@B2K. !>7=09 ?>3;C165 A8;C A:070==>3>, ?>B><C GB> :064>4=52=> 7@8HL >=>5 A?0A8B5;L=>5 >685 B08=AB2>, :>B>@>5 >4=064K C28452, AB0@5F !8<5>= 87C<8;AO 8 ?@>A8; A<5@B8; 8 5A;8 =5 8<55HL 8725I5=8O >B CE0 !2OB>3>, GB> BK 1;03>?@8OB=K9 ?>A@54=8: <564C >3>< 8 G5;>25:0<8, :0: @02=>0=35;L=K9, B> =0 ?03C1C A515 =5 45@709 =0 2A5A2OB>5 8 AB@0H=>5 A2OI5==>459AB285 >65AB25==KE "09=, ?@54 :>8<8 =35;K 1;03>3>25NB 8 >B :>53> 2A51;03>3>259=> 2>745@6820;8AL <=>385 87 A2OBKE, GB>1K =5 1KBL 87JOBC 87 A@54K 682KE ?> AC4C A52KH=53>. =8<09 A515, :0: A:070; 0?>AB>; (1 "8<. 4, 16), 8 2A5340 A>25@H09 ?@8=>H5=85 > A2>8E =0?5@54 3@5E0E, GB>1K, 5A;8 GB> 1K;> 2 B515 8;8 <>65B 1KBL 5ABL 5I5 =5G8AB>3> ?> =5<>I8, ?>B@51;O5<> 1K;> >65AB25==K< >3=5<. "0:8< >1@07>< 2>7<>65HL, :0: 1K A>AC4 871@0==K9, 1;03>?>B@51=K9, G8ABK9 8 4;O B0:>9 65@B2K 4>AB>9=K9, ?@5;030BL A51O 2 A5@51@O=>3> 8;8 4065 7;0B>3>, E>BO 1K; :0:8<-B> 45@52O==K< 8;8 3;8=O=K<, 5A;8 B>;L:>, @048 45@7=>25==>3> C?>20=8O B2>53>, 1C45HL 8<5BL >30, ?@5:;>=ONI8<AO =0 <8;>ABL : B515. 1>, 345 >3 3>B>2 CA;KH0BL, B0< =5B ?@5?>= : ?@5;>65=8N >4=>3> 2 4@C3>5. =8<09, :0:>9 C4>AB>5= BK @02=>0=35;L=>9 G5AB8 8 AB0@09AO A> 2AO:>N 4>1@>45B5;LN 8 G8AB>B>N ?@51K20BL =5?>@>G=K< =0 A59 AB5?5=8, =0 :0:CN ?@8720=. 848HL, 87 :0:>3> :0:8< AB0; ?04H89 ;NF8D5@ 70 ?@52>7=>H5=85. 5 ?>AB@0409 87-70 B>3> 65 8 BK, 2>7<5GB02 > A515 25;8:>5, => ?>G8B0O A51O 75<;5N, ?5?;>< 8 A>@><, ?;0GL 2A5340, GB>, =5A<>B@O =0 B>, 4>?CA:05< 1K205HL : >65AB25==><C @8G0AB8N 8 : A>25@H5=8N AB@0H=>3> A2OI5==>459AB28O !2OBKE "09= ?> 157<5@=><C G5;>25:>;N18N 8 =587@5G5==>9 1;03>AB8 >6859. @8O2H5<C A2OI5=AB2> 8 >B 2A5E AB@0AB59 =04;568B 1KBL G8ABC, >A>15==> 65 >B 1;C40 8 7;>?0<OBAB20, > :>8E 4065 ;53:8E ?><KH;5=89 8<5BL =5 A;54C5B, 5A;8 =5 E>G5HL ?>425@3=CBLAO 3=52C 8 ?@>:;OB8N, ?>4>1=> ?@>:065==><C 8;8 A065N 8A?0G:0==><C, :>340 >= 45@7=5B :>A=CBLAO F0@520 B5;0. >B>:0<8 A;57 ?0G5 A=530 C15;5==K9, A> A25B;>N 2 G8AB>B5 A>25ABLN, :0A09AO !2OBKE "08=, :0: A2OB>9, 2=5H=8< 0=35;>?>4>1=K< 1;03>>1@0785< O2;OO 2=CB@5==NN 4CH8 :@0A>BC. > A<>B@8, 2 A>25@H5=88 >65AB25==KE "09= =5 C4>2;5B2>@O9AO G5;>25G5A:8<8 B>;L:> ?@540=8O<8, => 40 1C45B A B>1>N 1;03>40BL, A>:@>25==> 8 B08=AB25==> 40NI0O B515 C@07C<520BL ?@8 A5< 8 2KAH55. >765;02 =5B;5=8O 8 15AA<5@B8O, 1;03>G5AB=> 8 1;03>3>259=> A>25@H09 82>B2>@=K5 8 5B;5==K5 "09=K, 65;0O 2<5AB5 8 ?@5A5;5=8O >BAN40, :0: A>25@H5==K< AB02H89 G@57 25@C. A;8 65 1>8HLAO A<5@B8, B> BK 5I5 =5 A>@0AB2>@8;AO ;N1>2LN A> %@8AB><, >B>@>3> A>1AB25==>@CG=> 6@5B8 C4>AB>5= 8 >B>@>3> ?;>B8N =0AKI05HLAO. 1>, 5A;8 1K 1K;> B0:, B> A?5H8; 1K >B>9B8 BC40, 345 N18<K9 B>1>N, =8 2> GB> 2<5=OO 8 687=L 8 ?;>BL. ;>B8 >6859 8 6@5F>< 8 >1I=8:>< G@57 ?@8G0I5=85 A>45;02H8AL, A>>1@07=K< 1KBL >1O70= AB0; BK 8 ?>4>18N A<5@B8 3>, =5 :B><C A515 682O, =>, ?> 0?>AB>;C: @0A?5=LH5<CAO 8 C<5@H5<C 70 B51O (2 >@. 5,15). A;8 65 4;O ?;>B8 8 <8@0 AB@0AB=> 6825HL, B> C3>B>2;O5HL A51O, ?>A;5 A<5@B8, =0 25G=>5 <CG5=85. (A;8 ?@5645 :>=G8=K ?@>872>;L=> =5 ?5@5AB0=5HL A>25@H0BL 15A:@>2=CN 65@B2C.) ><C =58725AB=>, GB> <=>385 87 =54>AB>9=> A2OI5==>459AB2CNI8E, 2>AE8I5=K 1K2 >BA5;5 2=570?=>N A<5@BLN, ?5@5A;0=K ?@O<> 2 B0<>H=85 <CG8;8I0.  A;8, 1K2 ?@8720=, 2ABC?8; BK 2 1;03>40B=K9 ?@5<8@=K9 G8= >65AB25==>3> A2OI5=AB20, =5G53> B515 15A?>:>8BLAO > ?@>H54H59 687=8, 5A;8 B515 8 70?OB=0BLAO A;CG8;>AL, => B>BG0A 65 A >6859 ?><>ILN 8 >G8AB8BLAO, 8 8A?@028BLAO. > ?>A;5 A53> ?5@2>N 701>B>N, 2=8<0B5;L=>N 8 B@5725==>N, 40 1C45B C B51O  =5 ><@0G0BL 1;03>40B8 A59, GB>1K, 5A;8 :B> =5@07C<=> 8 1C45B >AC640BL @C:>?>;>65=85 B2>5 2 A2OI5=AB2> ?> ?@8G8=5 ?@56=8E B2>8E 45;, CA;KH0; >= 2> 2@07C<;5=85 >65AB25==K9 3;0A, 27K20NI89: O65 >3 >G8AB8; 5ABL, BK =5 A:25@=8 (5O=. 10, 15). 53>: G8= A2OI5=AB20 8 1;03> 83> 53>, => ;8HL B><C, :B> 2<5AB5 A B5<, :0: ?@85<;5B 53>, =0G8=05B 8 8A?@02;OBL 53> :0: 4>;6=>, 5A;8 =5 1K;> ?>:CH5=8O ?>;CG8BL 1;03>40BL >65AB25==>3> CE0 :C?;5N. A;8 65 G5;>25G5A:8< 8A:0=85< 8 B;5==K< 40@>< <=8BAO :C?;5==K< =5?>:C?=>5 8 =5?@>406=>5, B> :0: 720=85 ?@8 A5< 1K;> =5 A2KH5, B0: 8 1@5<O MB> 1C45B >G5=L BO65;>, :0: =>A8<>5 =5 ?> 4>AB>8=AB2C 8 2KH5 A8;, 8 83> MB> 65AB:> AB8@0BL 1C45B 2KN 8 A>:@CH0BL A8;C 2;5:CI53> 53>, ?>:0 =5 8AB>I8B 8 =5 87<>648B 53> 2:>=5F, 5A;8 =5 A;>68B. 5@7=>25==> ?>4H54H8 ?>4 83> A2OI5=AB20, ?@02> B2>@8 ?CB8 A2>8 8 ?@02> ?@02L A;>2> 8AB8=K, A> AB@0E>< 8 B@5?5B><, A>4520O G@57 B> A2>5 A?0A5=85. 1> >3 =0H 5ABL >3=L ?>O40O9; 8, 5A;8 BK :>A=5HLAO 3> :0: 7;0B> 8 A@51@>, B> =5 1>9AO ?>665=8O, :0: 2028;>=A:85 >B@>:8 2 ?5I8; 5A;8 65 BK B@02O=>9 8 B@>AB=8:>2K9, 87 C4>1>2>73>@0NI53>AO 25I5AB20, :0: 75<=0O <C4@AB2CNI89, B> 1>9AO, GB>1K =5 1KBL ?>665==><C =515A=K< >3=5<, 5A;8 =5 C1568HL 3=520, :0: >B, 2>745@60=85< >B !B@0H=KE "09= 8;8 =5 ?>A?5H8HL ><KBLAO 2 A;570E ?>:0O=8O. ">;L:> >AK@82H8AL 2>4>N A;57=>N, BK AB0=5HL =5>?0;8< 8 =5CO728< 4;O >3=O ?@024K, :0: =5:>340 A;01>5 @0AB5=85 :C?8=K.  B0:>< A;CG05, O =5 7=0N, 5ABL ;8 :0:>9 87 3@5E>2 (=0 :>8 <K B0: A:>@K ?> =5<>I8 A2>59), :>B>@K9 =5 1K; 1K 873;065= >65AB25==K< >3=5< 2 A;C65=88, A>25@H05<>< A ?>;=>N G8AB>B>N 8;8 459AB25==K< >G8I5=85<. 5 >A8;82 65 B>3>, GB>1K >BAB0BL 8 >G8AB8BLAO >B AB@0AB=>3> @0A?>;>65=8O ?> ?@8G8=5 4>;3>2@5<5==>9 ?@82KG:8, :0: 45@705HL BK, >:0O==K9, :0A0BLAO ">3>, GB> 8 4;O =35;>2 =5?@8:>A=>25==>? B0:, 8;8 2>AB@5?5I8 8 2>745@68AL >B >65AB25==>3> A2OI5==>459AB28O, 8 B5< C<8;>AB828 ?@024C >68N, 8;8 :0: 15AGC2AB25==K9 8 =58A?@028<K9 ?>?CA:09 A51O 2?0ABL 2 @C:8 >30 82>3>, >B>@K9 =5 ?>I048B B51O G5;>25:>;N1=>, => =0:065B =5<8;>A5@4=> 70 B>, GB> BK 15AABK4=> 45@705HL ?@8ABC?0BL : F0@A:>9 1@0G=>9 25G5@8 A 4CH>N >A:25@=5==>N 8 2 @C18I0E, :>340 BK =54>AB>8= 4065 2E>40 2 F0@A:89 G5@B>3, 0 =5 B>;L:> 2>7;560=8O =0 53> 25G5@8. =0; O >4=>3> 87 >A2OI5==KE, :>B>@K9 45@70; ?@8ABC?0BL : >65AB25==><C B09=>459AB28N =54>AB>9=> ?> ?@8G8=5 1;C4=>9, 2;0452H59 8<, AB@0AB8. ?0; >= 70 MB> 2 BO6:CN 8 =587;5G8<CN 1>;57=L 8 ?@81;860;AO C65 : A<5@B8. >5;8:C, B0:8< >1@07><, 2A5 A45;02 4;O C2@0G520=8O A2>59 1>;57=8, =5 ?@5CA?5; >= =8<0;>, 0 1>;57=L =5 B>;L:> ?@>4>;60;0AL, => CA8;820;0AL, B>, ?@8H54H8 2 GC2AB2> 8 A>7=02, GB> C<8@05B ?> ?@8G8=5 =54>AB>9=>3> ;8BC@38A0=8O, 40; >= A :;OB2>N >15B, GB> =5 ?@8ABC?8B 1>;55 =8:>340 : A2OI5==>459AB28N. 0 A;>2>< A8< B>BG0A ?>A;54>20;> 8 C2@0G520=85 1>;57=8, B0: GB> 8 A;540 55 =8:0:>3> =5 >AB0;>AL. ;8AB0B5;5= G8= A2OI5=AB20 8 A2OI5==>5 >1;0G5=85, => 5A;8 ?>A2OI5==K9 8<55B ?@8 A5< 2=CB@8 4CHC, 1;5ABOICN G8AB>B>N. >340 >= A:25@=8BAO A 15A?5G=>ABLN 8 A>25ABL, A2845B5;LAB2CNI0O > A@0<>B5 A59, ?@578@05BAO, B>340 A25B AB0=>28BAO BL<>N, 28=>2=8F5N 8 25G=>3> <@0:0 8 >3=O, 5A;8, >AB02O ?CBL A59, AB@5<=8ABK9 ?> >15 AB>@>=K, =5 8715@5B >= 4@C3>3>  687=8 4>1@>45B5;L=>9 A> A<8@5=85<, 157154=> 254CI59 2 &0@AB285 >685. ;>BL 8 :@>2L &0@AB28O >68O =0A;545B8 =5 <>3CB (1 >@. 15. 50), => BK, ?@8G0I0OAL ?;>B8 8 :@>28 >30, 1K205HL A>B5;5A5= <C 8 A>@0AB2>@5= :@>28N 3>; ?>G5<C 8<55HL C65 2=CB@L A51O &0@AB2> 515A=>5: :0: 65 >A06405< 1K205HL BK AB@0ABL<8 ?;>B8 8 :@>28? >NAL, GB> =5 ?@51C45B 2 B515 CE >689, :0: 2 ?;>BO=>< (KB. 6, 3), 8 2 G0A AC40 BK @0AA5G5= 1C45HL ?>;<0; B>340 2>7L<CB >B B51O 2A5G5AB=>5 A2OI5=AB2>, :0: >B =54>AB>9=>3> B0:>9 1;03>40B8, 8 >B>H;NB B51O =0 25G=>5 <CG5=85 2 04. "@5725==> 8 1>;57=5==> > A515 A0<>< ?@8=>A8 A A>:@CH5=85< 8 A;570<8 <8@>A?0A8B5;L=CN A2OI5==CN 65@B2C 2> >G8I5=85: 81>, :B> B0:, :0: BK, ?>1>;57=C5B > B515 8 AB0=5B ?@8=>A8BL > B515 65@B2C, :>340 C<@5HL? >G5<C, ?@>7@520O 8<5NI55 1KBL, :0: 1K C65 ?>E>@>=5==>3> ?><8=09 A51O, 2 E>40B09AB2> > A?0A5=88 B2>5< ?@54;030O >3C A88 !2. 0@K =0 B@0?575, 2A?><8=0O 3> 2>;L=>5 745AL 8 G5;>25:>;N182>5 70:>;5=85.  57 >G8I5=8O 65 A51O =5 45@709 ?@8:0A0BLAO !2. "09=, GB>1K =5 ?>665=C 1KBL, :0: A5=>, >65AB25==K< >3=5<, 8, :0: 2>A: @0AB0O2, =5 @07;8BLAO.  2>8AB8=C, 5A;8 1C45HL :0: 4>;6=> A>25@H0BL A85 >65AB25==>5, 2A5G5AB=>5 8 AB@0H=>5 A2OI5==>459AB285, 8 A>25ABL =8 2 G5< =5 1C45B C:>@OBL B51O, B> =8 2 G5< 4@C3>< =5 >1@5B5HL BK AB>;L C4>AB>25@8B5;L=>3> C?>20=8O A?0A5=8O, :0: 2 =5<. 1> >B =53> ?>;CG8BAO B>1>N 1;03>, ?0G5 2AO:>3> 4@C3>3> 45;0=8O 8 A>75@F0=8O.  A;8 65 =5 B0:, B> A0< A<>B@8, GB> A85 7=0G8B.   2A5:>=5G=> ;CGH5, ?> A>7=0=8N A2>59 =5<>I8 >B:070BLAO >B 2KA>:>3> G8=0 A2OI5=AB20, =565;8 A A>7=0=85< A2>53> =54>AB>8=AB20 8 =5G8AB>BK ?@8=OBL 53> 8 =>A8BL, 8 ?>:07K20OAL 4;O <=>38E 2KA>:8<, 1KBL =0 45;5 ?> =54>AB>8=AB2C ?>4>1=K< B@C?C, 4>AB>9=K< ?;0G0. @5?. !8<5>= >2K9 >3>A;>2.  5@59 4>;65= 1KBL: 1) G8AB =5 B>;L:> B5;><, => 8 4CH>N 8 ?@8 MB>< =5?@8G0AB5= =8:0:><C 3@5EC; 2) A<8@5= =5 ?> 2=5H=5<C B>;L:> A51O45@60=8N 8 >1KG0N 459AB2>20BL, => 8 ?> 2=CB@5==5<C =0AB@>5=8N. >B><, :>340 ?@54AB>8B A2OI5==>9 8 A2. B@0?575, 4>;65= 2A5:>=G5=>, 284O GC2AB25==> !2. 0@K, <KA;5==> A>75@F0BL >65AB2>.  =5 MB> B>;L:>, => 8 !0<>3> ">3>, B> =52848<> ?@8ACI 2 0@0E. >;65= >= ABO60BL 8 8<5BL >18B0NI8< 2 A515 2 A5@4F5 A2>5< A>7=0B5;L=>, GB>1K B0:8< >1@07>< A 45@7=>25=85< <>3 >= 2>7=>A8BL <>;5=8O : >3C, 8, 4@C3 A 4@C3>< 15A54CO, 3>2>@8BL: «BG5 =0H, 65 5A8 =0 =515A5E, 40 A2OB8BAO 8<O "2>5!»  ?>B><C GB> <>;8B20 A8O ?>:07K205B, GB> ?@8=>AOI89 55 8<55B 682CI8< 2 A515 ACI53> ?> 5AB5AB2C !K=>< >688< A> BF5< 8 !2OBK< CE><.  !;KH0; O >B >4=>3> <>=0E0-85@5O, 4>25@82H53>AO <=5, :0: 4@C3C A2>5<C: «8:>340,  3>2>@8; >=,  =5 ;8BC@38A0; O, =5 C28452 CE0 !2OB>3>, :0: 2845; 3> A>H54H8< =0 <5=O 2 B> 2@5<O, :>340 <5=O @C:>?>;030;8 8 <8B@>?>;8B G8B0; =04> <=>N <>;8B2C 85@59A:>3> ?>A2OI5=8O, 8 ><>D>@ ;560; =0 154=>9 3;025 <>59». / A?@>A8; 53>: «0: >= B>340 3> 2845; 8 2 :0:>3> @>40 >1@075?» = A:070;: «@>ABK< 8 157284=K<,  >4=0:> 6, :0: A25B, 8 :>340 O C2845; B>, G53> =8:>340 =5 2845;, C4828;AO A=0G0;0 8 A0< 2 A515 @0AAC640;, GB> 1K MB> 1K;> B0:>5?  ">340 = B08=AB25==>, => 2=OB=K< 3>;>A>< A:070; <=5: «/ B0: =8AE>6C =0 2A5E ?@>@>:>2 8 0?>AB>;>2 8 =K=5H=8E 871@0==8:>2 >688E 8 A2OBKE, 81> / 5A<L !2OB>9 CE >689». !"  "/ "!% !" & (72;5G5=8O 87 «B5G=8:0», A>AB02;5==>3> A2OB8B5;5< 3=0B85< @O=G0=8=>2K<) 5:>B>@K9 AB0@5F 157<>;2AB2>20; =0548=5 2 :5;88 A2>59. = ?@>68; 2 =59 <=>3> ;5B, =8:>340 =5 >AB02;OO ?>:0O=8O. >20@820; >= 2A5340: MB>B 25: 40= >3>< 4;O ?>:0O=8O. A;8 8AB@0B8< 53> ?>?CABC, 682O EC4>, B> >G5=L 1C45< 60;5BL > =5<, => =5 =0945< 53> 2B>@8G=>.  5:>B>@K9 1@0B B5< 1K; 25A5;55 4CE><, G5< 1>;55 15AG5AB8;8 53> 8 =0A<5E0;8AL =04 =8<. = 3>2>@8;: 15AG5ABOI85 =0A 8 =0A<5E0NI85AO =04 =0<8 4>AB02;ONB =0< A@54AB20 : ?@5CA?5O=8N, 0 ?>E20;ONI85 =0A 2@54OB 4CH0< =0H8<. >2>@8B 8A0=85: ;N485 <>8, 1;060I85 20A ;LABOB 2K (A. 3,12).  @C3>9 AB0@5F, :>340 1K; >1865= :5<, A?5H8;, 5A;8 >18452H89 1;87:>, A0< 2>740BL 5<C 70 7;> 4>1@><; 5A;8 65 68; 40;5:>, B> ?>AK;0; 5<C G@57 4@C38E ?>40@:8.  5:>B>@K9 <>=0E 2 8B@88, 1>;55 15@56;82K9, =565;8 A:C?>9, 701K2, GB> 70 B@84F0BL A@51@5=8:>2 ?@>40= 1K; >A?>4L =0H 8ACA %@8AB>A, =0:>?8; AB> 7;0B=8F, 70=8<0OAL B:0=85< ?>;>B=0. >=0E C<5@  7;0B=8FK >AB0;8AL. >=0E8 A>1@0;8AL 4;O A>25I0=8O, GB> 45;0BL A 45=L30<8? "0< 68;> >:>;> ?OB8 BKAOG <>=0E>2, :064K9 2 >B45;L=>9 :5;88. 4=8 ?@8AC640;8 >B40BL 45=L38 =8I8<, 4@C385  >B40BL 2 F5@:>2L, =5:>B>@K5  ?5@540BL @>4AB25==8:0<. > 0:0@89, 0<2>, A84>@ 8 4@C385 A2OBK5 AB0@FK ?> 459AB28N >18B02H53> 2 =8E !2OB>3> CE0 >?@545;8;8: ?>E>@>=8BL 45=L38 2<5AB5 A 3>A?>48=>< 8E 8 ?@8 MB>< A:070BL ?>G82H5<C: A5@51@> B2>5 40 1C45B 2 ?>3815;L A B>1>N (5O=. 8, 20). -B> A>1KB85 =025;> B0:>9 C60A 8 AB@0E =0 2A5E <>=0E>2 38?B0, GB> A B>3> 2@5<5=8 >=8 ?@87=020;8 70 BO6:89 ?>ABC?>: 8<5BL 2 70?0A5 4065 >4=C 7;0B=8FC.  @0B A?@>A8; AB0@F0: «A;8 1@0B 4>;65= <=5 =5<=>3> 45=53, B> 4>72>;8HL ;8 <=5 ?>?@>A8BL C =53> 2>72@0I5=8O 8E?» !B0@5F: «!:068 5<C >4=064K A> A<8@5=85<». @0B: «A;8 O A:06C 5<C >4=064K 8 >= =8G53> =5 40AB <=5, B>340 GB> <=5 45;0BL?» !B0@5F: «>;55 >4=>3> @07C =5 ?@>A8». @0B: « GB> 65 <=5 45;0BL, :>340 O =5 <>3C ?>1548BL ?><KH;5=89 <>8E, ?>=C640NI8E 15A?>:>8BL 1@0B0 > 2>72@0I5=88 45=53?» !B0@5F: «@54>AB02L ?><KH;5=8O< B2>8< ABC60BL B515, => BK =8:0: =5 >?5G0;L 1@0B0 > 2>72@0I5=88 45=53, ?>B><C GB> BK <>=0E».  5:>B>@K9 1@0B 65;0; C40;8BLAO 2 ?CABK=N, 2 >18B5;L; => @>4=0O <0BL 53> ?@>B828;0AL MB><C. = 3>2>@8; <0B5@8: «0BL! B?CAB8 <5=O, ?>B><C GB> O E>GC A?0AB8 4CHC <>N». 0BL, =5 8<5O 2>7<>6=>AB8 C45@60BL 53>, >B?CAB8;0. =, ?@8H54H8 2 ?CABK=N, 68; 2 =5@045=88 2AN 687=L A2>N. 564C B5< <0BL 53> C<5@;0. > ?@>H5AB288 =5:>B>@>3> 2@5<5=8 8 A0< >= A45;0;AO 1>;5=, ?@8H5; 2 A0<>70125=85 8, 2>AE8I5==K9 =0 AC4 >689, =0H5; BCB <0BL A2>N 2 G8A;5 AC48<KE. =0, C28452 53>, C4828;0AL 8 A:070;0: «'B> MB> 7=0G8B, AK=?  BK ?@8H5; =0 MB> <5AB> >AC645==KE! 45 65 A;>20 B2>8, :>B>@K5 BK ?>2B>@O; <=5 2A5340: «%>GC A?0AB8 4CHC <>N». #ABK48;AO >=, CA;KH02 MB>,  AB>O;, =5 8<5O GB> >B25G0BL.  2>B @0740;AO 3>;>A, ?>25;520NI89 2>72@0B8BL 53>, 0 27OBL 4@C3>3> 1@0B0 87 >1I568B5;L=>3> <>=0ABK@O. >72@0B82H8AL 2 A51O, >= ?>2540; ?@8ACBAB2>202H8< 2A5, GB> 2845; 8 GB> A;KH0;.  ?>4B25@645=85 A;>2 A2>8E >= ?@>A8;, GB>1 :B>-=81C4L AE>48; 2 >1I568B5;L=K9 <>=0ABK@L 8 ?>A<>B@5;, A:>=G0;AO ;8 B>B 1@0B, > ?@87K25 :>B>@>3> >= A;KH0;. >A;0==K9 =0H5;, GB> B0:. 8452H89 2845=85, 2K74>@>252, 70:;NG8; A51O 2 70B2>@5, ?@51K20; =58AE>4=>, ?><KH;OO > A?0A5=88 A2>5<, ?@8=>AO ?>:0O=85 8 >?;0:820O A2>5 ?@56=55 ?>2545=85 2 A>AB>O=88 =51@565=8O. #<8;5=85 8 A;57=>5 ?>:0O=85 4>AB83;8 2 =5< 25;8G09H53> @0728B8O. =>385 C3>20@820;8 53> =5A:>;L:> A=87>9B8 A515, GB>1 =5 ?>425@3=CBLAO :0:><C-;81> ?>2@5645=8N >B =5?@5AB0==>3> ?;0G0; => >= =5 A>3;0H0;AO =0 MB>,  3>2>@8;: «A;8 O =5 <>3 2K=5AB8 >1;8G5=85 <0B5@8 <>59, B> :0: 2K=5AC >1;8G5=8O 8 <C:8 2 45=L AC40, 2 ?@8ACBAB288 %@8AB0 8 =35;>2 3>».  !:07K20;8 > =5:>B>@>< AB0@F5, GB> >= 2ABC?8; 2 A:8B, 8<5O A A>1>N AK=0-<;045=F0, B>;L:> GB> >B=OB>3> >B 3@C48. >A?8B0==K9 2 <>=0ABK@5, AK= =5 7=0;, GB> ACI5AB2CNB 65=I8=K. >340 >= 2>7<C60;, 45<>=K ?>:070;8 5<C =>GLN >1@07 65=I8=K. = A:070; MB> >BFC, :>B>@K9 C4828;AO. 4=064K >= ?>H5; A >BF>< 2 38?5B 8, C284O 65=I8=, A:070; >BFC: «220! 2>B B5, :>B>@K5 ?@8E>48;8 :> <=5 =>GLN 2 A:8BC». B5F >B25G0;: «-B> <8@A:85 <>=0E8, C =8E A2>9 =0@C6=K9 284, 0 C >BH5;L=8:0  A2>9».  4828;AO AB0@5F, :0:8< >1@07>< 2 A:8BC 45<>=K <>3;8 ?>:070BL >B@>:C >1@07K 65=I8=. =8 ?>A?5H=> 2>72@0B8;8AL 2 :5;8N A2>N.  !:07K20; > A515 >48= 87 D82084A:8E AB0@F52, GB> >=  AK= 6@5F0 84>;LA:>3>. K2 48BOB5N, >= A86820; 2 E@0<5 8 2845; >BF0 A2>53>, ?@8=>AOI53> 65@B2K 84>;0<. 4=064K, ?>A;5 B>3> :0: >B5F 2KH5; 87 E@0<0, AK= 2>H5; B09=> 2 E@0< 8 C2845; B0< A0B0=C !0B0=0 A845; =0 B@>=5; <=>3>G8A;5==>5 2>8=AB2> ?@54AB>O;> 5<C.  2>B! ?@8E>48B >48= 87 :=O759 53>, ?>:;>=O5BAO 5<C. !0B0=0 A?@>A8; 53>: «B:C40 BK?» =O7L >B25G0;: «/ 1K; 2 B0:>9-B> AB@0=5, 2>71C48; B0< 2>9=C 8 1>;LH>5 A<OB5=85, ?@>8725; :@>2>?@>;8B85 8 ?@8H5; 2>725AB8BL B515». !0B0=0 A?@>A8;: «> A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8 A45;0; BK MB>?» = >B25G0;: « B@84F0BL 4=59». !0B0=0 25;5; 18BL 53> 18G0<8, A:0702: «">;L:> B> A45;0; BK 2 B0:>5 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>5 2@5<O!»   2>B! 4@C3>9 15A ?@8H5; 8 ?>:;>=8;AO 5<C. !0B0=0 A?@>A8;: «B:C40 BK?» 5<>= >B25G0;: «/ 1K; 2 <>@5, 2>74283 1C@N, ?>B>?8; :>@01;8, C<5@B28; <=>65AB2> ;N459 8 ?@8H5; 2>725AB8BL B515». !0B0=0 A?@>A8;: «> A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8 A45;0; BK MB>?» = >B25G0;: « 4204F0BL 4=59». !0B0=0 ?>25;5; 8 MB>3> 18BL 18G0<8, A:0702: «>G5<C BK 2 AB>;L:> 4=59 A45;0; B0: <0;>?»   B@5B89 ?@8H5; 8 ?>:;>=8;AO 5<C.  MB><C >= A:070;: «"K >B:C40?» 5<>= >B25G0;: «/ 1K; 2 B0:><-B> 3>@>45; B0< ?@074=>20;0AL A204L10; O 2>71C48; AA>@K 8 ?@>8725; 1>;LH>5 :@>2>?@>;8B85, A25@E B>3> C18; A0<>3> 65=8E0 8 ?@8H5; 2>725AB8BL B515». !0B0=0 A?@>A8;: «> A:>;L:> 4=59 BK A45;0; MB>?» 5<>= >B25G0;: « 45AOBL». !0B0=0 ?>25;5; 8 MB>3>, :0: 459AB2>202H53> =5@52=>AB=>, 18BL 18G0<8.  5I5 >48= 45<>= ?@8H5; ?>:;>=8BLAO 5<C. !0B0=0 A?@>A8;: «B:C40?» 5<>= >B25G0;: «7 ?CABK=8; 8A?>;=8;>AL A>@>: ;5B, :0: B0< 1>@NAL A >4=8< 87 <>=0E>2 8 5420 >45@60; =04 =8< ?>154C: 225@3 53> MB>N =>GLN 2 ;N1>45O=85». !0B0=0, CA;KH02 MB>, >B @04>AB8 2AB0; A B@>=0, =0G0; F5;>20BL 45<>=0; A=O2 F0@A:89 25=5F, :>B>@K9 1K; =0 3;025 53>, 2>7;>68; =0 3>;>2C 45<>=0 8 ?>A048; 53> 2>7;5 A51O =0 ?@5AB>;5, A:0702: «"K A>25@H8; 25;8:>5 8 A;02=>5 45;>».  #28452 8 CA;KH02 MB>, AK= 6@5F0 A:070; A0< A515: «'8= <>=0H5A:89, 4>;6=> 1KBL, 8<55B 25;8:>5 7=0G5=85». = ?@8=O; E@8AB80=AB2> 8 2ABC?8; 2 <>=0H5AB2>.  >2540;8 >1 >4=>< AB0@F5, GB> >4=064K 5<C 70E>B5;>AL >3C@F0. = 27O; >3C@5F, ?>25A8; 53> ?@54 3;070<8 A2>8<8. 5 ?>?CAB8; 65;0=8N ?>1548BL A51O 8, =5 ?@8:>A=C2H8AL : >3C@FC, AB0@5F C:>@O; A51O 8 ?@8=>A8; ?>:0O=85 2 A0<>< ?>65;0=88.  5:>B>@K9 AB0@5F G0AB> ?>425@30;AO 1>;57=8. !;CG8;>AL 5<C 2 B5G5=85 >4=>3> 3>40 =5 1>;5BL; AB0@5F >G5=L A:>@15; >1 MB>< 8 ?;0:0;, 3>2>@O: «AB028; <5=O >A?>4L <>9 8 =5 ?>A5B8; <5=O».  48= 87 A2OBKE >BF>2, C28452 1@0B0 2 45;0E =5@045=8O, 3>@L:> 70?;0:0;: «#2K <=5!  A:070; >=,  :0: 1@0B 3@5H8B A53>4=O, B0: O 1C4C 3@5H8BL 702B@0.  >B><, >1@0BOAL : CG5=8:C A2>5<C, ?@8A>2>:C?8;:   :0:>9 1K BO6:89 3@5E =8 2?0; 1@0B 2 B2>5< ?@8ACBAB288, =5 >AC48 53>; => 8<59 70;>3 2 A5@4F5 B2>5<, GB> BK 3@5H8HL 1>;55 53>, E>BO 1K >= 1K; 8 <8@O=8=, 8A:;NG0O B5E A;CG052, :>340 8< ?@>87=5A5=> 1>3>EC;LAB2>, ?@8=04;560I55 5@5A8».  5:>B>@><C 1@0BC O28;AO 4802>;, ?@5>1@0782H8AL 2 =35;0 A25B0, 8 A:070; 5<C: «/, @E0=35; 02@88;, ?>A;0= : B515». !B0@5F =0 MB> >B25G0;: «!<>B@8! =5 : :><C ;8 4@C3><C BK ?>A;0=? >B><C GB> O =54>AB>8= B>3>, GB>1K ?>AK;0;8AL :> <=5 =35;K». 802>; B>BG0A 8AG57.  !B0@FK 3>2>@8;8: 5A;8 8 ?>8AB8=5 O28BAO : B515 =35;, =5 ?@8<8 53> ;53:>25@=>, => A<8@8AL 3>2>@O: O, 682O 2> 3@5E0E, =54>AB>8= 2845BL =35;>2.  K; =5:B> 25;8:89 <564C ?@>7>@;82F0<8. = CB25@48B5;L=> 3>2>@8;: >A>15==CN 1;03>40BL, :>B>@CN O 2845;, >A5=ONICN ?@8 A2. :@5I5=88, 2845; B0:65 ?@8 ?>AB@865=88, :>340 :B> ?@8=8<05B 0=35;LA:89 >1@07.  >2540;8 > =5:>B>@>< AB0@F5, GB> >= <>;8; >30 > B><, GB>1K ?>:070=K 1K;8 5<C 45<>=K. <C ?>A;54>20;> >B:@>25=85: «"K =5 =C6405HLAO 2 B><, GB>1K 2845BL 8E». > AB0@5F ?@>4>;60; ?@>A8BL > B>< 65, 3>2>@O: >A?>48! "K <>65HL ?>:@KBL <5=O 1;03>40B8N "2>5N >B 2@540 ?@8 2845=88 45<>=>2. >3 >B25@7 >G8 AB0@F0: >= C2845; 45<>=>2, :>B>@K5 =0?>4>185 ?G5; >:@C60;8 G5;>25:0, A:@565I0 =0 =53> 7C10<8, 0 =35;K >689 2>71@0=O;8 8<.  5:>B>@><C AB0@FC 40=0 1K;0 1;03>40BL 2845BL A>:@>25==>5. = A:07K20;: «/ 2845; 2 >1I568B5;L=>< <>=0ABK@5, GB> >48= 87 1@0B88 70=8<0;AO 2 :5;88 C<=>N (8ACA>2>N) <>;8B2>N, 0 ?@8H54H89 45<>= AB>O; 2=5 :5;88. >:>;5 1@0B 70=8<0;AO C<=>N <>;8B2>N, 45<>= =5 <>3 2>9B8 2 :5;8N; => B>;L:> GB> 1@0B ?5@5AB0; 70=8<0BLAO 5N  45<>= 2>H5;».  >2540; =5:>B>@K9 AB0@5F: 1K;0 4528F0 >G5=L ?@5:;>==KE ;5B, ?@5CA?52H0O 2 AB@0E5 >685<. / A?@>A8; 55, GB> ?@825;> 55 : <>=0H5A:><C 68B5;LAB2C? =0, ?@5@K20O A;>20 2>74KE0=8O<8, @0AA:070;0 <=5 A;54CNI55: «>8 @>48B5;8, 4>AB>C20605<K9 <C6, A:>=G0;8AL, :>340 O =0E>48;0AL 2 45BA:>< 2>7@0AB5. B5F 1K; A:@><=K9 8 B8E>3> =@020, => A;01>3> 8 1>;57=5==>3> B5;>A;>65=8O: >= 68; AB>;L:> ?>3@C65==K9 2 701>BC > A2>5< A?0A5=88, GB> 5420 :B> 87@54:0 2845; 53> 87 68B5;59 >4=>3> A =8< A5;5=8O. A;8 8=>340 >= GC2AB2>20; A51O ?>74>@>255, B> ?@8=>A8; 2 4>< ?;>4K B@C4>2 A2>8E; 1>;LHCN 65 G0ABL 2@5<5=8 >= ?@>2>48; 2 ?>AB5 8 AB@040=8OE. >;G0;82>ABL 53> 1K;0 B0:>20, GB> =57=02H85 <>3;8 AG5ABL 53> =5<K<. 0?@>B82 B>3>, <0BL <>O 25;0 687=L @0AA5O==CN 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 8 AB>;L:> @072@0B=CN, GB> ?>4>1=>9 59 65=I8=K =5 1K;> 2> 2A59 AB@0=5. =0 1K;0 AB>;L:> >18;L=0 2 @5G0E, GB>, :070;>AL, 2A5 ACI5AB2> 55 A>AB02;O; >48= O7K:. 5A?@5AB0==> >=0 70B520;0 AA>@K A> 2A5<8, ?@>2>48;0 2@5<O 2 ?LO=AB25 A A0<K<8 =52>745@60==K<8 <C6G8=0<8. =0 @0AB>G8;0 2A5 ?@8=04;560I55 4><C; 25AL<0 7=0G8B5;L=>5 8<CI5AB2> =5 C4>2;5B2>@O;> =C640< =0H8<, 0 59 1K;> ?5@540=> >BF>< @0A?>@O65=85 4><><. !B>;L:> 7;>C?>B@51;O;0 >=0 B5;>< A2>8<, >A:25@=OO 53> =5G8AB>B0<8, GB> =5 <=>385 87 MB>3> A5;5=8O <>3;8 871560BL 1;C4=>3> A>2>:C?;5=8O A =5N. =0 =8:>340 =5 ?>425@30;0AL =8:0:>9 <0;59H59 1>;8, => A> 4=O @>645=8O 8 4> AB0@>AB8 ?>;L7>20;0AL A>25@H5==K< 74>@>2L5<. "0: B5:;0 687=L @>48B5;59 <>8E. B5F <>9, 8AB><;5==K9 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>N 1>;57=LN, A:>=G0;AO. 420 >= A:>=G0;AO, :0: ?><@0G8;AO 2>74CE, ?>H5; 4>64L, 70A25@:0;0 <>;=8O, 703@5<5; 3@><, 2 B5G5=85 B@5E 4=59 8 B@5E =>G59 =5?@5@K2=> ?@>4>;60;AO ;825=L. > ?@8G8=5 B0:>9 =5?>3>4K 70<54;8;>AL 53> ?>3@515=85 =0 B@8 4=O, B0: GB> 68B5;8 A5;0 ?>:0G820;8 3>;>2>N 8, C482;OOAL, 3>2>@8;8: MB>B G5;>25: AB>;L 1K; =5?@8OB5= >3C, GB> 4065 75<;O =5 ?@8=8<05B 53> 4;O ?>3@515=8O. >, GB>1 B5;> 53> =5 ?@540;>AL @07@CH5=8N 2 A0<>< 4><5, 8 B5< =5 A45;0;>AL =52>7<>6=K< ?@51K20=85 2 =5<, ?>E>@>=8;8 53> :>5-:0:, =5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> =5?>3>40 8 4>64L =5 ?5@5AB020;8. 0BL <>O, ?>;CG82H8 1>;LHCN A2>1>4C ?> A<5@B8 >BF0, A 1>;LH8< 8AABC?;5=85< ?@540;0AL 7;>C?>B@51;5=8N B5;>< 8, A45;02 4>< =0H 4><>< @072@0B0, ?@>2>48;0 687=L 2 25;8G09H59 @>A:>H8 8 2 C25A5;5=8OE. >340 =0AB0;0 A<5@BL 55, B> >=0 A?>4>18;0AL 25;8:>;5?=>3> ?>3@515=8O, A0<K9 2>74CE, :070;>AL, ?@8=O; CG0AB85 2 ?@>2>645=88 B5;0 55. > :>=G8=5 55 O >AB0;0AL 2 >B@>G5A:8E ;5B0E, 8 C65 B5;5A=K5 2>645;5=8O =0G0;8 459AB2>20BL 2> <=5. 4=064K 25G5@>< O =0G0;0 @07<KH;OBL, GLN 687=L 871@0BL <=5 2 >1@075F ?>4@060=8O: >BF0 ;8, :>B>@K9 68; A:@><=>, B8E> 8 2>745@6=>, => 2> 2AN 687=L A2>N =5 2845; =8G53> 4>1@>3> 4;O A51O, 2AN 55 ?@>25; 2 1>;57=8 8 ?5G0;8, 0 :>340 A:>=G0;AO, B> 75<;O 4065 =5 ?@8=8<0;0 B5;0 53>; 5A;8 B0:>5 68B5;LAB2> 1;03>?@8OB=> 1K;> >3C, B> ?> :0:>9 ?@8G8=5 >B5F <>9, 871@02H89 MB> 68B5;LAB2>, ?>425@3AO B0:8< 154AB28O<? CGH5 68BL, :0: 68;0 <0BL, A:070;> <=5 ?><KH;5=85 <>5, ?@540BLAO 2>645;5=8N, @>A:>H8, ?;>BA:><C A;04>AB@0AB8N. 54L <0BL <>O =5 C?CAB8;0 =8:0:>3> A:25@=>3> 45;0! =0 ?@>25;0 2AN 687=L A2>N 2 ?LO=AB25, ?>;L7COAL 74>@>2L5< 8 AG0ABL5<. 'B> 65, <=5 A;54C5B 68BL, :0: 68;0 <0BL? CGH5 25@8BL A>1AB25==K< 3;070< 8 B><C, GB> >G5284=>, ;CGH5 =0A;0640BLAO 2A5<, =565;8 25@8BL =52848<><C 8 >B:070BLAO >B 2A53>. >340 O, >:0O==0O, A>3;0A8;0AL 2 4CH5 <>59 871@0BL 687=L, ?>4>1=CN 687=8 <0B5@8 <>59, =0AB0;0 =>GL, O CA=C;0. > A=5 ?@54AB0; <=5 =5:B> 2KA>:89 @>AB><, 27>@>< AB@0H=K9; 3@>7=> 273;O=C; =0 <5=O, 3=52=> 8 AB@>3> A?@>A8; >= C <5=O: «A?>254C9 <=5 ?><KH;5=85 A5@4F0 B2>53>». /, 8A?C302H8AL 53>, =5 A<5;0 8 273;O=CBL =0 =53>. I5 1>;55 3@><:8< 3>;>A>< ?>2B>@8; >= ?@8:070=85, GB>1 O 8A?>2540;0, :0:>5 68B5;LAB2> <=5 ?>=@028;>AL. 0AB5@O2H8AL >B AB@0E0 8 701K2 2A5 ?><KH;5=8O <>8, O A:070;0, GB> =5 8<5;0 =8:0:8E ?><KH;5=89. > >= =0?><=8; <=5 2A5, > G5< O @07<KH;O;0 2 B09=5 4CH8 <>59. 1;8G5==0O, O >1@0B8;0AL : ?@>AL10<, C<>;OO 53> 40@>20BL <=5 ?@>I5=85, 8 >1JOA=8;0 ?@8G8=C MB8E ?><KH;5=89. = A:070; <=5: «>948 8 C284L >1>8E, 8 >BF0 8 <0BL B2>8E,  ?>B>< 8715@8 687=L ?> 65;0=8N B2>5<C». ! MB8<8 A;>20<8 >= AE20B8; <5=O 70 @C:C, ?>2;5:. @825; >= <5=O =0 1>;LH>5 ?>;5 :@0A>BK =587@5G5==>9, A> <=>38<8 A040<8 8 ?;>4>2K<8 @07=>>1@07=K<8 45@52LO<8, 225; <5=O 2 MB8 A04K. "0< 2AB@5B8; <5=O >B5F, >1=O;, ?>F5;>20;, =0720; A2>59 4>G5@LN. / 70:;NG8;0 53> 2 >1JOB8O A2>8 8 ?@>A8;0, GB>1 <=5 >AB0BLAO A =8<. = >B25G0;: «K=5 MB> =52>7<>6=>; => 5A;8 ?>A;54C5HL AB>?0< <>8<, B> ?@845HL AN40 ?> ?@>H5AB288 =5?@>4>;68B5;L=>3> 2@5<5=8». >340 O >?OBL =0G0;0 ?@>A8BL > B><, GB>1 >AB0BLAO, ?>:07K20NI89 <=5 2845=85 A=>20 AE20B8; <5=O 70 @C:C, ?>2;5: 8 A:070;: «>948, O ?>:06C B515 8 <0BL B2>N, :0: 3>@8B >=0 2 >3=5, GB>1 7=0BL B515, ?> 687=8 :>B>@>3> 87 @>48B5;59 B2>8E =0?@028BL 687=L B2>N». >AB0282 <5=O 2 4><C <@0G=>< 8 B5<=><, 345 6825B A:@565B 7C1>2 8 3>@5, >= ?>:070; <=5 ?5GL, 3>@OICN >3=5<, 8 :8?OICN A<>;C; :0:85-B> AB@0H8;8I0 AB>O;8 C CABLO ?5G8. / 273;O=C;0 2> 2=CB@5==>ABL ?5G8 8 C2845;0 2 =59 <0BL <>N: >=0 ?>3@O7;0 ?> H5N 2 >3=5, A:@565B0;0 7C10<8, 3>@5;0 >3=5<; BO6:89 A<@04 @07;820;AO >B G5@2O =5CAK?0NI53>. #28452 <5=O, >=0 2>A:;8:=C;0 A @K40=85<, =0720;0 4>G5@LN: «#2K <=5, 4>GL <>O! AB@040=8O MB8  ?>A;54AB28O A>1AB25==KE 45; <>8E. >745@60=85 8 2A5 4>1@>45B5;8 :070;8AL <=5 4>AB>9=K<8 ?>A<5O=8O; O 4C<0;0, GB> 687=L <>O 2 A;04>AB@0AB88 8 @072@0B5 =8:>340 =5 :>=G8BAO; ?LO=AB2> 8 >1JO45=85 O =5 ?@87=020;0 3@5E0<8.  2>B! / =0A;54>20;0 355==C, ?>425@3;0AL MB8< :07=O< 70 :@0B:>5 =0A;0645=85 3@5E0<8; 70 =8GB>6=>5 25A5;L5 @0A?;0G820NAL AB@0H=K<8 <C:0<8. >B :0:CN ?>;CG0N =03@04C 70 ?@57@5=85 >30! 1JO;8 <5=O 2A52>7<>6=K5, 15A:>=5G=K5 154AB28O! K=5 2@5<O ?><>I8! K=5 2A?><=8, GB> BK 2A:>@<;5=0 3@C4LN <>5N! K=5 2>7409 <=5, 5A;8 BK ?>;CG8;0 >B <5=O :>340-;81> GB>-;81>! #<8;>A5@48AL =04> <=>N! 65B <5=O MB>B >3>=L, => =5 A>68305B. #<8;>A5@48AL =04> <=>N, 4>GL <>O, ?>409 <=5 @C:C B2>N 8 2K2548 <5=O 87 MB>3> <5AB0». >340 O >B:07K20;0AL MB> A45;0BL, 1>OAL B5E AB@0H=KE AB@0659, :>B>@K5 BCB AB>O;8, >=0 A=>20 =0G0;0 2>?8BL A> A;570<8: «>GL <>O! ?><>38 <=5. 5 ?@57@8 ?;0G0 B2>59 @>4=>9 <0B5@8! A?><=8 1>;57=8 <>8 2 45=L @>645=8O B2>53>! 5 ?@57@8 <5=O! ?>3810N 2 >3=5 355==A:><». 5 2>?;L 872;5:0; C <5=O A;57K: O B0:65 =0G0;0 AB5=0BL, 8A?CA:0BL 2>?;8 8 @K40=8O. -B8 2>?;8 8 @K40=8O @071C48;8 <>8E 4><0H=8E; >=8 4>AB0;8 >3=O 8 A?@0H820;8 <5=O > ?@8G8=5 AB>;L 3@><:>3> AB5=0=8O. / ?>2540;0 8< 2845=85 <>5. ">340 O 871@0;0 ?>A;54>20BL 687=8 >BF0 <>53>, 1C4CG8 C4>AB>25@5=0 ?> <8;>A5@48N >68N, :0:85 <C:8 C3>B>20=K 4;O ?@>872>;ONI8E ?@>2>48BL ?>@>G=CN 687=L».  >2540; AB0@5F: «?8A:>?C =5:>B>@>3> 3>@>40 2>725AB8;8, GB> 87 G8A;0 70<C6=8E 65=-E@8AB80=>: 425 254CB @072@0B=CN 687=L. ?5G0;8;> 5?8A:>?0 MB> 8725AB85; ?>4>7@520O, GB>, <>65B 1KBL, 8 4@C385 254CB A51O ?>4>1=K< >1@07><, >= >1@0B8;AO A <>;8B2>N : >3C, ?@>AO @07@5H5=8O =54>C<5=8O, G53> 8 C4>AB>8;AO. >A;5 >65AB25==>3> AB@0H=>3> 65@B2>?@8=>H5=8O, :>340 ?@8ACBAB2CNI85 ?@8ABC?0;8 >48= 70 4@C38< : ?@8=OB8N !2OBKE "09=, 5?8A:>? 2845; =0 ;8F5 :064>3> A>AB>O=85 4CH8 53>, :0:8< >=0 ?>425@65=0 3@5E0<. 8F0 3@5H=KE <C659 2845; >= G5@=K<8, :0: 1K 2K3>@52H8<8 >B 7=>O; 3;070 C =8E 1K;8 :@0A=K5, :@>202K5. # 4@C38E ;N459 1K;8 ;8F0 A25B;K5, 0 >4564K O@:>9 15;87=K. "5;> >A?>40 >4=8E, ?@8=8<0NI8E 53>, A>6830;> 8 >?0;O;>, 4@C38E ?@>A25I0;>, A>45;K20;> ?>4>1=K<8 A25BC: 2E>4O 2 CAB0, >=> @07;820;> A25B ?> 2A5<C B5;C. 564C MB8<8 <C60<8 1K;8 8 ?CABK==>68B5;8 8 ?@>2>482H85 687=L AC?@C65A:CN. >A;5 <C6G8= =0G0;8 ?@8ABC?0BL 65=I8=K.  <564C =8<8 C2845; 5?8A:>? >4=8E A G5@=K<8 ;8F0<8, A :@0A=K<8 :@>202K<8 3;070<8, 4@C38E  A ;8F0<8 15;K<8 8 A25B;K<8. 564C ?@>G8<8 65=0<8 ?>4>H;8 8 B5 425, :>B>@K5 1K;8 >128=5=K ?@54 5?8A:>?><, B5< 1>;LH55 >1@0B8; >= =0 =8E 2=8<0=85. = C2845;, GB> >=8 ?@8ABC?0NB : !2OB><C "08=AB2C A> A25B;K<8 8 G5AB=K<8 ;8F0<8, >1;5G5==K5 2 <0=B88 =5>1K:=>25==>9 15;87=K. >340 >=8 A45;0;8AL ?@8G0AB=8F0<8 "08=AB20 %@8AB>20, B> :0: 1K >A25B8; 8E A25B. !=>20 >1@0B8;AO 5?8A:>? : <>;8B25, C<>;OO >30 >1 >1JOA=5=88 ?>:070==>3> 5<C 2 >B:@>25=88. <C ?@54AB0; =35; >A?>45=L 8 ?>25;5; > 2A5< ?@54;>68BL A515 2>?@>AK. !2OB>9 5?8A:>? =5<54;5==> A?@>A8; > 42CE 65=I8=0E: A?@0254;82> ;8 8;8 =5A?@0254;82> >=8 1K;8 >128=5=K. =35; >B25G0;, GB> 2A5, A:070==>5 > =8E, A:070=> 25@=>. ">340 5?8A:>? 2>7@078; =35;C: «0:8< 65 >1@07><, :>340 >=8 ?@8G0I0;8AL "5;0 %@8AB>20, ;8F0 8E A8O;8, =0 =8E 1K;8 15;K5 <0=B88, 8 >B 2A53> >1@070 8E 8AE>48; =5<0;K9 A25B?» =35; A:070;: «> B>9 ?@8G8=5, GB> >=8 @0A:0O;8AL 2 ?>ABC?:0E A2>8E 8 >BABC?8;8 >B =8E; >=8 ?>A@54AB2>< A;57, 2>74KE0=88 8 8A?>2548 A>45;0;8AL 4>AB>9=K<8 >65AB25==>3> 40@0; 24>102>: 40;8 >15I0=85, 5A;8 ?>;CG0B ?@>I5=85 2 ?@56=8E 3@5E0E, =8:>340 =5 ?>72>;OB A515 ?>@>G=>3> ?>2545=8O. 0 MB> >=8 C4>AB>8;8AL >65AB25==>3> 87<5=5=8O, @07@5H5=K >B 3@5E>2, >BA5;5 682CB 2>745@60=>, 1;03>G5AB=> 8 ?@0254=>». ?8A:>? C482;O;AO =5 AB>;L:> 87<5=5=8N 65=  MB> A;CG05BAO A> <=>38<8  A:>;L:> 40@C >B >30, :>B>@K9 =5 B>;L:> 871028; 8E 25G=>9 <C:8, => 4065 A?>4>18; 1;03>40B8. =35; A:070; 5<C: «!?@0254;82> C482;O5HLAO :0: G5;>25:! > >A?>4L 8 >3 =0H 8 20H ?> 5AB5AB2C !2>5<C 1;03 8 <8;>A5@4. =, >AB02;ONI8E A2>8 3@5E>2=K5 45O=8O 8 ?@8ABC?0NI8E : 5<C ?>A@54AB2>< 8A?>2548, =5 B>;L:> 87102;O5B 25G=>9 <C:8, => 8 C4>AB>8205B ?>G5AB59. "0: 2>7;N18; >3 <8@, GB> >B40; !K=0 !2>53> 548=>@>4=>3> 70 =53> (=. 3, 16). !K= >689, :>340 ;N48 1K;8 2@030<8 3>, 1;03>2>;8; C<5@5BL 70 =8E ( 8<. 5, 8); B5< 1>;55 >A2>1>48BL 8E >B 04A:8E :07=59, :>340 >=8 A45;0;8AL 3> 4><>G04F0<8 8 ?@8=>AOB ?>:0O=85 2 A>25@H5==KE 8<8 ?@>ABC?:0E. = ?@54AB028B 8< =0A;0645=85 1;065=AB2><, :>B>@>5 !0< ?@8C3>B>20; 4;O =8E (=. 14, 3). =09 B>, GB>. =8:0:85 A>3@5H5=8O G5;>25G5A:85 =5 ?>15640NB <8;>A5@48O >68O, 5A;8 B>;L:> G5;>25:8 ?>A@54AB2>< ?>:0O=8O >G8ABOB ?@5645 A>45O==K5 3@5E8 4>1@K<8 45;0<8. A51;0389 >3 7=05B =5<>IL 20H53> @>40, :@5?>ABL AB@0AB59, A8;C 8 E8B@>ABL 4802>;0  ?@>I05B :0: AK=0< G5;>25:0<, 2?040NI8< 2 A>3@5H5=8O, >68405B 8A?@02;5=8O 8E, 4>;3> B5@?O 8<. >340 >=8 >1@0I0NBAO 8 C<>;ONB 1;03>ABL 3>, A=8AE>48B, :0: =5<>I=K<, @07@5H05B <CG5=85 8E 8 40@C5B 1;030, ?@83>B>2;5==K5 ?@0254=K<». ?8A:>? >?OBL A:070; =35;C: «@>HC B51O, >1JOA=8 <=5 8 7=0G5=85 @07;8G=KE 284>2, :>B>@K5 ?@8=8<0NBAO ;8F0<8 A>3@5H0NI8E @07;8G=>, GB>1K O, C7=02 MB>, 2?>;=5 >A2>1>48;AO >B =52545=8O». =35; A:070; 5<C: «"5, C :>B>@KE ;8F0 A25B;K 8 @04>AB=K, 682CB 2 2>745@60=88, G8AB>B5 8 ?@0245, A:@><=K, A>AB@040;L=K 8 <8;>A5@4=K. "5 65, C :>B>@KE 3;070 1K;8 :@0A=K<8 8 :@>202K<8, 682CB 2 7;>15 8 =5?@0245, ;N1OB >1<0=K20BL, ;C:02AB2>20BL, EC;8B5;8 8 G5;>25:>C189FK.  =35; ?@8A>2>:C?8;:  ><>309 B5<, :>B>@K< 65;05HL A?0A5=8O. ;O B>3> 8<5==> C4>AB>5=0 CA;KH0=8O <>;8B20 B2>O, GB>1, ?@>A25I5==K9 2545=85<, BK >1JOA=O; CG5=8:0< B2>8< 3@5E8, GB>1 8A?@02;O; 8E =0AB02;5=8O<8 8 C25I0=8O<8, CA2>O; 8E ?>A@54AB2>< ?>:0O=8O, C<5@H5<C @048 =8E 8 2>A:@5AH5<C 87 <5@B2KE >A?>4C 8ACAC %@8ABC. > AB5?5=8 A8;, CA5@48O 8 ;N128 : B2>5<C >A?>4C, 701>BLAO > 2A5E =8E, GB>1K >=8 >1@0I0;8AL >B 3@5E>2 A2>8E : >3C, A:07K20O 8< >B:@KB>, :0:8< ?>425@65=K >=8 3@5E0<, 8 C3>20@820O, GB>1 ?> ?@8G8=5 8E =5 >BG0820;8AL 2 A?0A5=88 A2>5<. >340 >=8 1C4CB ?@8=>A8BL ?>:0O=85 8 >1@0I0BLAO : >3C  ?>;CG0B A?0A5=85 4CH0< A2>8< 8 >18;85 1C4CI8E 1;03. "K 65, ?>4@060O >A?>4C B2>5<C, >B>@K9 >AB028; =51> 8 A>H5; =0 75<;N 4;O A?0A5=8O G5;>25:>2, ?>;CG8HL 25;8G09HCN =03@04C». &  # !! PAGE  PAGE 2 .@BF\^`|~”–˜ŹĢĪŠŅŌźģī "$&(*@BDvxz|~€šņō&(*ūõļéēå×Ķ×Åæ“榓擘Åæ“抓擘Åæ“æ|“擘Åæ“æn“jqUmHnHujöUmHnHuj{UmHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHujUmHnHujUmHnHu mHnHuaJ mHnHu:;CJOJQJj:;CJOJQJU56 56CJ0 5CJ0] CJH\]5CJH+.BDF\^Ō*€0 d¶ ’ n ø „ Ų D   ų ūööōōņģęęęęęęęęęęęęęęęęęęę Ęœ%  ĘĮ$a$¤` †Į øĮ żż*,.0`bd–˜šœž ŠŅŌ "$&XZ\`bdtvxŖ¬®²“¶Žąā PRT†łīąŲłīłŹīłīąŲłīł¼īłīąŲłīł®īłīąŲłīł īłīąŲłīł’īłīąŲłīłjŲUmHnHuj]UmHnHujāUmHnHujgUmHnHujģUmHnHuaJ mHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHujUmHnHu mHnHu4†ˆŠŽ’ÜŽą      , . 0 b d f j l n v x z ¬ ® ° “ ¶ ø Ž ą ā      B D F x z | € ‚ „ – ˜ ņēįēÓĖįēį½ēįēÓĖįēįÆēįēÓĖįēį”ēįēÓĖįēį“ēįēÓĖįēį…ēįēÓĖįjŗUmHnHuj?UmHnHujÄUmHnHujIUmHnHujĪUmHnHuaJ mHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHu mHnHujUmHnHujSUmHnHu4˜ š Ģ Ī Š Ō Ö Ų    8 : < @ B D ^ ` b ” – ˜ œ ž   ¶ ø ŗ ģ ī š ō ö ų    D F H L N P b d f ˜ š œ   ¢ ¤ õļįõļõÓĖļõļ½õļõÓĖļõļÆõļõÓĖļõļ”õļõÓĖļõļ“õļõÓĖļõļ…õļõӁjœ UmHnHuj! UmHnHuj¦UmHnHuj+UmHnHuj°UmHnHuaJ mHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHuj5UmHnHu mHnHujUmHnHu4ų P ¤ ō L   ”ö@ˆŚ*ŠźDŽH”źH¦hČ,†ŽLłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł Ęœ% ¤ ² “ ¶ č ź ģ š ņ ō  @ B D H J L ^ ` b ” – ˜ œ ž   Š Ņ Ō  RTVˆŠŒ’”“¶øźģīņ÷ńęńŲęńęŹ÷ńęń¼ęńęŹ÷ńęń®ęńęŹ÷ńęń ęńęŹ÷ńęń’ęńęŹ÷ńęń„ęńj~ UmHnHuj UmHnHujˆ UmHnHuj UmHnHuj’ UmHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHuj UmHnHujUmHnHu mHnHuaJ mHnHu4ņōöž468<>@FHJ|~€„†ˆ˜šœĪŠŅÖŲŚčźģ "&(*HJL~€‚†ˆŠØŖ¬ŽąõēߣõŁĖõŁõēߣõŁ½õŁõēߣõŁÆõŁõēߣõŁ”õŁõēߣõŁ“õŁõēߣõŁ…j`UmHnHujåUmHnHujjUmHnHujļ UmHnHujt UmHnHujł UmHnHu mHnHuaJ mHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHujUmHnHu4ąāęčź8:<@BDNPR„†ˆŒŽœž ŅŌÖŚÜŽ <>@DFHRTVˆŠŒ’”ØŖ¬ŽõļõįŁļõļĖõļõįŁļõļ½õļõįŁļõļÆõļõįŁļõļ”õļõįŁļõļ“õļõįŁļõļjĒUmHnHujLUmHnHujŃUmHnHujVUmHnHujŪUmHnHuaJ mHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHu mHnHujUmHnHu5Žąāęčź <>@DFHdfhšœž¢¤¦ĀÄĘųśü&(*\^`dfh†ˆŠ¼¾ĄÄĘČźģņēįēÓĖįēį½ēįēÓĖįēįÆēįēÓĖįēį”ēįēÓĖįēį“ēįēÓĖįēį…ēįēÓĖįj©UmHnHuj.UmHnHuj³UmHnHuj8UmHnHuj½UmHnHuaJ mHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHu mHnHujUmHnHujBUmHnHu4ģī "$(*,DFHz|~‚„†œž ŅŌÖŚÜŽ  @BDHJL\^`’”–šœž®°²äęčģīšõļįõļõÓĖļõļ½õļõÓĖļõļÆõļõÓĖļõļ”õļõÓĖļõļ“õļõÓĖļõļ…õļõӁj‹UmHnHujUmHnHuj•UmHnHujUmHnHujŸUmHnHuaJ mHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHuj$UmHnHu mHnHujUmHnHu4LžšXŹ*Žęvśrō`¶"“ ’–˜šœŌģ~š&łłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłóńńóäāŻń$a$ $„\ „h^„\ `„ha$ ĘĮ Ęœ% šLNPTVXˆŠŒ¾ĄĀĘČŹčźģ "&(*LNP‚„†ŠŒŽ¤¦ØŚÜŽāäę468jlnr÷ńęńŲęńęŹ÷ńęń¼ęńęŹ÷ńęń®ęńęŹ÷ńęń ęńęŹ÷ńęń’ęńęŹ÷ńęń„ęńjmUmHnHujņUmHnHujwUmHnHujüUmHnHujUmHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHujUmHnHujUmHnHu mHnHuaJ mHnHu4rtvøŗ¼īšņöųś024fhjnpr²“¶čźģšņō "TVX\^`tvxŖ¬®²“¶ąāäõēߣõŁĖõŁõēߣõŁ½õŁõēߣõŁÆõŁõēߣõŁ”õŁõēߣõŁ“õŁõēߣõŁ…jOUmHnHujŌUmHnHujYUmHnHujŽUmHnHujcUmHnHujčUmHnHu mHnHuaJ mHnHu:CJKHaJmHnHujUmHnHu4 "rtvØŖ¬°²“ČŹĢž PRT†ˆŠŽ’”–šœŠģ~Ä?Ę?ą?@LB€BäDEšMŅMśR0X2ˆ2p6,7t7ś7Š8¬9<>l>BQjQ~Q˜Q„XžXbLb~bČbŖnÖn"qJq y(y(|Z|ž}~„„Ī†ų†,ˆTˆ$Ž>ŽL”|”—B—b—ö—‚˜²˜Xš’šö›xœž؞ä ”:”F”謭Ą²ś²ģ“µp¾ ¾ęĮ Ā¤Ā"ĆĪĘöĘņÉ"ŹšĪČĪ”ŅÄŅāŅ¶ÓlÕ¼ÕčÕÖR×vאŪ¦ŪŻJŻå6å¬ģŚģżżżūūūūūżūūżūūżżżżūūūżżżūūūūūūūūżżżżżūżżżūūūūżżżżż65c¢ĪņĪ(*®*8+H,ö,n-†/z0Ø2Ģ9><`=Ā=<>ŲA~CEÖE€FlG,IäNŗQVW„Xl_żżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżl_ e|g hŖn"q yźyšzL{(|ƒ,ˆr‰ĉŽ$ŽL”f˜Jšę›²f”Œ¤„ȧ†Ø «õļķķļļļļļļļļļėļėļļļļļļļļļļļ„,`„, „P„,^„P`„, «¬Ȭ謮²Ą²ģ“¶ZøĄ¹°»p¾~ĄęĮ>ƦĄÅĪĘŠĒĄČņÉfŹšĪ ѶŌRףŪŻłł÷łõłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł„,`„,Ż”įå¬ģŖķĄšĘüŲü:žh’`üĄŅŲœŽ ¤īVØ$ˆ°Š!„"ž"œ#łłłłłł÷łłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł„,`„,ŚģŖķŅķĄšŚšžńņ ņVņŲüż¤Č(ØŲ’ž$H¬$Ę$Ę'((8(d(Œ(;8;F=`=hJ”J„N“N*WXW[*[Ž]¬]¢aŚa(d¼dÖdžd®f"gnHoÖqNrŚ}ų}~F~€x€”€¼€ī€&Œ…ąP‡|‡ā–—tž°žŽ¤“¤*°N°Ņ²ž²¬³Ś³öµ"¶„ŗ»0»X»ŚÄ ÅÉPɼŃŌŃ®ćäć€čččéżżūõūżżūżūżżūõūūżżżżżżżżūżūūūūżūūūżżżżżżżżżūżżūūżū 6mH sH 65aœ#$¬$Ź(z+.4;F=hJÄK„N*W[Ž]¢aÖd@g¾k^tJv~‚Œ…P‡ā–¬œpJžtžłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł÷„,`„,tžœ”¼£Ž¤*°x±Ņ²¬³öµ0» ¼¦¼čæÖĄ„ĀžĆŚÄ8Ź¦ĶŃ ÖTŲdŚœŻį|ć®ćųė@šłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł÷łł„,`„,éééXéųė$ģĀņ:óJóx󆜮ś²’Ź’F¼ā0ZŒ Ę ī  ö d!V#f#h#j#l#’#ˆ%¢%*-j-š-Č-˜4¼4š;.<N<z<Ś>V?ŽV¤VŖVĄV(ZpZ`_ˆ_n`–`bdxdLftf®lÖlŒm°m"oŲ@ŲBŲ`ä¦ä`ļļņüżˆ¬x’Ęą`  6p˜ : Š Ī%ü%°&Ī& *0*(+@+B+b+Ų,ą, --\0Ŗ0®:ą:“IĪIˆS¤SU0U~X“X¬ZŌZŽ\¾\ź^_ _Ģ_Ö` aLlfl4rnrĪu$v~xĢx`züzV€~€¼ƒąƒ „“„܄…żżżżżūżūū÷ū÷żżżżżżżżżūżżżūūūūżżżżżżżżżżżżżūūūūūūż5665bŚŪ–ÜśŽfßģß ąŠąį¢įtć ä`ä¦äzė>ļ`ļīó€õ*ūņüö’‚ˆxĘ` pøłłłłłłłłłł÷ółł÷łłłłłłłłłłłłł¤„,`„,øÖą p"Ī%°& *ņ/\0¤:®:öD“I6NŽQˆS\TUW~X¬ZŽ\ź^ _®`Ö`šgLlłłłłłłłł÷łõłłłłłłłłłłłłłłõłł„,`„,Llr4r{܄`†ųˆbŠJŒš’€”*•d–ŗ–”œœžč Œ¤ź¦ģ©Ŗz®†Æ„ø\ĪbÖ׌Śł÷łłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł÷łłłńłłł„`„„,`„,…`†ˆ†ųˆ‰Ā(Ž¼Lš’¾’œž¶žč ”ā¢£ź¦§Ŗ:Ŗ<Ŗz®ž®†Æ ÆŒ·Č·Ų·XøzŗžŗąĮčĮźĮīĮšĮ4ĀĄĆÅ\Ī„Ī*ÓRÓbÖ†Ö×@׌Ś¼Śāåęjéšé\ńxń ņ6ņhóŽó¶óĪóŠóāóĀųłŲū,üFünü0`. öNų0ģ  Z ‚ ĘśŒøtŽ$ $ž&'Š*+n>„>ˆ?żżūūżżżżūżż÷żżūūūūūūūżūżżżżżżżūūūżūżżūūżżżżūżżūżż5CJ65bŒŚü߶åāåjéė.ļ\ń ņ(÷ĀųFü00Üųģ Z Ī®Ę tØl $$'Š*r0łł÷łłłłłłłłłłł÷łłłł÷łłłłłłłł„,`„,r04ś5f8ˆ:r<n>ˆ?JBL\MģOP6T\deŖgąiJm:nØs¼sĘv|t~¼„†üˆ łłłłłłłłłłł÷łłłłłłłł÷łłłłłłł„,`„,ˆ?“?JBrBL(LŠLŗLPP6T^T¼[č[ÖbŚcdeeJmvm:n^n¼sÖst~¢~¢ŽāŽ*™\™Jšøš° ą 2¬^¬ÆBÆģ¶·¤½Š½6ĀbĀœĀÄĀTŹ„ŹņĶĪBŠ\ŠrÓžÓFÕzÕLÖtÖ®ÖźÖ×H׊×ö×"ŲvŲ ą>ąčNč"ķFķ4óXó ö2ö†ü üĪž^Š0TVXdf ņ² Ž ČŹšżżżūżżūūżżżżżūżūżżżżżūżżżżżżūūūūūżżżūżżżżūūūūżżöūmH sH 65a ¢“š—™*™Āž° ī¤(ØT©2¬ÆP“ģ¶¹šŗR»¤½œĀĘ<ŹTŹŖĢņĶxĪTĻBŠrÓ®Ōłłł÷łłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł÷łłłłłłł„,`„,®ŌFÕ Ś8Ż ąčķ"ķxó öTü†üÄĪ^ņF ö ² ¶h†°t¶ˆ‚Āłłłłłł÷łłł÷łõłłłłłłłõłł÷łłłł„,`„,š¶ā†“°č¶ņ¢āö&X!~!! !Ų"ņ"l'ˆ'^(t(P)Ž)–*Ā*x+°+l//ų4ś4ų=2> A°AVBpBBLjL*RNR(STSžT.UNZhZÖab¬dčdŠgŖgLmnm^t~tŠu²u„wīwŒz®züŠ,‹ö‹ŒŽ”•²—ą—Ą›ö›Ōų¶žäž¾ ģ 0¤V¤ž©FŖ¤«Ü«¬*¬³,³^³l³Č³“F“„“Rŗ®ŗīŗżżżżūżūūūżżżūūżūżūżżżżżūūżżżżżūżżżżżżżūżżūūżūūūżū65cĀÜžöš4$l'^(P)l/,1ī2ō3ų4Ī6Š7Ö=ų=VBBL N*R(SžT6X¢d¬dRgŠgłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł÷łłłłłłłł÷łõ„,`„,ŠgTlLm^tŠuv„zŒzüŠö‹Ž”²—6š®›Ą›Ō¾ 0¤bŖ¬,­Ś±6“F“ĪŗīŗŒĄ„ÄjÅłłłłłł÷łłłłłł÷łłłłłłłł÷ł÷łłł„,`„,īŗ»ŒĄŗĄ„Ä ÄjÅ€Å^ČšČˆŹ\Ė€ĖØĖŲFŲ ŚŽŚhę”ę č<čšź¼źœóäó õ8õ ödöš÷Ā÷ŒųŹų“łś*śbśdśžūŚūŗżŽżążNžŒž¶ųÜĢ  L Ä 6Xv¼dŽx ¤ZĄŚ* J  "#2#x#Ž#č#<$š$ž$p%&& &p&\''Ź*+”+ŗ+ų+,Ō,-²:Ś:ņFGGżżżżżūżżżżżżūżūūūūż÷żż÷żżżūūūūżżūūūūūūūūūūūūūūżżżū5CJ65bjžĘ^Č€ĖĶÄĪčĻ²ŠNŅ@ÓųŌÖ&×ŲØŁ€Ś Śhę 耟šź õś*śžūŗż@žNž¶łłłłłłłłłłłłłł÷õłłłõłłõłłłõł„,`„,¶Ü:dxŽ ¬'ģ+ų+Ō,R3T6¦8²:¾<fAžCvGŹK6N–R|UWĘXLZčZÖ]ŗ^žgłł÷łłłł÷łłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł„,`„,G\G6NfN–R¾R2UdU|U¤UvV¦VčZ[Ö\ž\,lTlĀnīnp>p(qJqrwšwšyČyč{ |x}¦}b… …ʏņ2˜Z˜Jxzž°žT € ņ± ²&“‚“Š“˜“\¶˜¶¬øŠøōøT¹®¹Ö¹H»»hÅ‚ÅĖ2ĖŽĢĶŠPŠ Õ:Õ~Ö²ÖČÖŹÖ¢ŚĘŚVÜ~ÜŠąŗąbā€āję ęŽčé.éšéė@ėšė²ėčėņėģ,ģīZīżūūżūżūżūūūūūūūūūūūūżūżżżūżżūżūūūūūżöūūżūūżżżżżżūmH sH 56ažgģi0k,l2nĀnpq(qrwšyč{x}ŒƒD…b…ˆŠī‹ʏF“2˜JöžT ų§>¶\¶®¹łłłłłłł÷łłłłłł÷łłłłłłłłłłł÷ł„,`„,®¹Ž¼hÅĖŽĢŠ Õ’×¢ŚVÜŒßDābājęöķī\ń|ńZō~ōĢųöłśŽśœūnž:’˜€łłłłłłłłłłł÷łł÷ł÷ł÷łł÷łłłłłł„,`„,Zī|ń¶ń~ōŗō¾ōĢųōųśLśŽśśśœū²ū:’x’˜Ą4Xf‚“ī  ® Ņ >zŠ¶œĢ¤(Č(Š)Ņ)*"*Ģ6ś6>L>^C†CÄHōH¾PŽPLS|ShXˆX°]Ö]0d\dZovoLplp(s`s${J{Z}`}l}Ø}–€ø€|؁R€X•z•d›”›ø ä ø”č”t„ō„8±N±T±Z±d²Œ²`¶ŗ¶čø¹^ĮnĮtĮxĮżżūżżżżżżūūżżżżżżżżżżżżżżżūżżżżżżūūūżżżżżżūżūżūżūū65c€‚V ī ® €&>Šœœˆč$¤(Ņ)* -R05Ģ6>^CÄH¾PLSīY"\°]łłłłłł÷łłłłłłłł÷łłłłłłłłłłłł„,`„,°]Ž^Ā_®aŒbc0dŚd¢hjnHoZoLp(st{${|R0•X•‚™d›”Ÿø ø”p„F«łłłłłłłłłłł÷łłłł÷łłł÷łłłłłłł„,`„,F«8±d²\¶čøx»dĀFČɬɊŹģĶ8ÖŲvܦŻüŻĪßąŖävåJź®ģĪģš^ " F P łłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłóńłłłłńłłłńł„,^„,„,`„,xĮzĮ”ĮdĀ~Ā„ĀˆĀŹÓāÓ’Ō&ÕŲŲą8ąŖäĘävå“åJźvźĪģšģš6šhłČłbśˆśLūČūęū$üŒüņü^ † F „ P ˆ  D B f  ”  F ¢  ~ ¼   h ø Ņ" °# & ”& “& ą&  / Č/ š4 ¾4 f6 ’6 Ģ; ī; ¼B ÜB C $C ŠF PG (I ŹI śJ (K M FM `O O ‚U  U ˆX ĄX Ģ_ ō_ 4c Xc dc xc pk œk "n żūżżżūūūūūūūżżżżżūūūūūżūżūöżżżūūūūūżżżżūūżūūūūżūmH sH 56aP  B  f ~ B% “& t-  / p0 Ž0 ~1 2 š4 f6 F7 |; Ģ; >> @E śJ M ®O R ‚U ˆX Ģ_ a łłłł÷łłłłłłłłłłłł÷łłłłłłłłłł„,`„, a 4c $f "g :i ˜j pk Žm "n Lx (y ~ *€ „… <‰ t‰ Š ²Š H‹ Ą‹ rŒ žŒ ¤ "Ž „Ž łłłłłłł÷łłłłłł÷łłęÕÕÕÕÕÕ & F Ę9„e„›ž^„e`„›ž & F Ę9„h„˜ž^„h`„˜ž„,`„,"n Ln Lx fx (y Xy P} l} |} ģ} .€ X€ ņ ‚ t‰ °‰ Š ŖŠ >’ f’ 2™ F™ f™ ¤™ &¢ J¢ ¾¤ ä¤ ~„ Ā„ ^¦ Š¦ `§ “§ Œ® Ą® Ģ· Šø pŹ ĀŹ Ņ .Ņ |Õ ØÕ |ć ¬ć <ń tń Vō vō xō ¬ō Nü |ü ų  ę  Ģ ž č# $ % J% ä( ž( ś+ , Z. †. °/ ś/ P0 ¢0 Ä1 ö1 7 *7 f9 Ŗ9 Ę9 ź9 j< l< ®< ą< A VA \C „C D xD fF ŠF $J bJ hK ®K żżżūūūūżżżūūżūūūūżūūżżżżūūżżżżżūżżżūūūżūżöżżūūżżūCJ`EHų’65a„Ž üŽ ؏ n >’ &¢ Œ® hŗ 8» š» xĮ ŒĀ ¾Ä ¶Å lČ ŽŹ ”Ė BĶ ŠŠ Ņ Ó |Õ –Ł Xß |ć :ē <ń Ęō īīīčččččččččččččččččččččččč„,`„, & F Ę9„e„›ž^„e`„›žĘō öö Nü ų ź b ü ę ˜ Ģ č# ä( ś+ Z. 7 Ę9 l< ®< A fF ųI $J ĢK ¼Q ŹT ĘX b\ t^ b łłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł÷łłł÷łłłłłłł„,`„,®K ŲS 6T DT ¬T ŲU V h Lh Vh th fj ’j p Vp Hq pq q ¼q { :{ Ž ² |†  † p‡ œ‡ Tˆ €ˆ ‹ 4‹ t Š d– †– ~ ¦ ¢ P¢ p¢ ¤¢ Z„ ž„ hŖ ‚Ŗ p³ ī³ ø “ø 2¾ b¾ ZÉ  É 0Ō NŌ Ż .Ż  ī ŗī Œõ šõ œõ Ņõ | Ś Š ā V Ž & ¶& –*  * ¢* Ų* ä0 41 ± x± ZĮ ‚Į †Į ˆĮ ”Į –Į ˜Į œĮ žĮ ŖĮ ¬Į żżżżżūūżūūūūūūūūūūżżūūżżūūūżżżżżżū÷żżżżōķźķźķźķ0J j0JUCJ5656Yb ¤h fj p p q Čt Šu öw z { X| Ō} V~ č~ Ž °€ … Œ… |† p‡ Tˆ l‰ ‹ t <‘ X’ “’ J“ łłł÷łłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłłł„,`„,J“ ō“ T” Ņ” 8– d– ~ „ Z„ hŖ h² Īø B¹ 2¾ ŽĮ ąĀ fĆ jÄ ęÅ DÉ ZÉ 0Ō ¾ń b € V ^ †$ Ų% łłłł÷łł÷łłłõłłłłłłł÷łłłłłłłł„,`„,Ų% & ø& Ą( ņ* ,, €2 Ž6 ŹB |G rW DY øZ ^ ŗ^ Na Žb ,f Ęh œ XĮ ZĮ \Į „Į †Į ˜Į ż÷ńńńńńńńńńńńńļńńńńńļļźļį„ų’„&`#$$a$„,`„,„(^„(˜Į šĮ œĮ ²Į “Į ¶Į øĮ ŗĮ ł÷īł÷÷÷„ų’„&`#$„h]„h¬Į ®Į °Į ²Į ŗĮ ÷šķ0J j0JU0JmHnHu3 0PP&P 1h°‚. °ĘA!°n"°n#n$n%° S{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975407{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975408{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975409{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975410{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975411{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975412{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975413{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975414{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975415{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975416{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975417{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975418{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975419{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975420{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975421{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975422{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975423{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975424{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975425{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975426{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975427{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975428{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975429{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975430{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975431{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975432{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975433{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975434{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975435{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975436{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975437{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975438{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975439{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975440{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975441{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975442{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975443{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975444{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975445{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975446{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975447{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975448{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975449{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975450{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975451{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975452{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975453{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975454{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975455{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975456{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975457{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975458{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975459{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975460{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975461{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975462{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975463{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975464{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975465{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975466{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975467{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975468{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975469{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975470{DŠÉźyłŗĪŒ‚ŖK©  _Toc94975471 iH@ń’H 1KG=K9$„`„a$CJKH_HmHsHtHZ@Z 03>;>2>: 1$$„7$8$@&`„a$5CJ4KH \^JaJ l@l 03>;>2>: 2.$$„Š„Š„¤x¤<@&]„Š^„Š`„a$5CJ \]^JaJb@b 03>;>2>: 31$$$„7„7„¤š¤<@&]„7^„7`„a$5KHX@BX 03>;>2>: 4!$„¤d¤d@&[$\$`„a$ 56CJ\h@h 03>;>2>: 5"$$„1$7$8$@&H$`„a$B*CJ4KHOJQJaJ ph’:`: 03>;>2>: 6$$@&a$CJ$:A@ņ’”: A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0TC@ņT A=>2=>9 B5:AB A >BABC?><$„`„a$6@6 "5:AB A=>A:8$$CJD@D 3;02;5=85 1$¤x¤xa$ 5;CJB@B 3;02;5=85 2$„š^„ša$:CJB@B 3;02;5=85 3$„ą^„ąa$6CJHžOH !B8;L1$„¤š¤š`„a$5PJnHtHu<žOR< !B8;L2$„¤š¤š`„a$6]8)@¢a8 ><5@ AB@0=8FK CJOJQJ2žO¢q2 &8D@KB* CJH*OJQJph™3R @‚R 86=89 :>;>=B8BC; ĘģŁ%¤< CJKHaJ>@> 3;02;5=85 4$„Š^„Ša$CJ>@> 3;02;5=85 5$„Ą^„Ąa$CJ>@> 3;02;5=85 6$„°^„°a$CJ>@> 3;02;5=85 7$„ ^„ a$CJ>@> 3;02;5=85 8$„^„a$CJ>@> 3;02;5=85 9$„€^„€a$CJŻŽ F ’’’’ !"#./j•ĄP‰²ŪI·ÜBl¢Šü(Rz¦Š J{ ÄķEu¢Čļ$Ju¤Ó4d–Ćļ& O x ¬ å  G s » ż 9 z ° Ū  Z … É Ė Ģ Ķ Ī j v æ Mm Äįāćļšqr ³"Ü#Ķ$k&X(*Č-Ō-€.n/Ć/3u6D8[9®>—?Š?kApBÕE*LP0SX [s]ašcGg’k§mčst4xšyvzæ{P@YF‚’‚kƒ9ˆz‰Ń‰g‹yg’ “W“œ“$”{”·”Ć•=–T—ęšœ°œįœģžæŸƒ ė @”¶”–¢r„Ż¦«©BŖ¶­Š°¾±P²Uµ‘¶†ŗõŗM»¦»¼ČæĀ¹ĀāĀÅÅ&Č3Ź%ĖóĖŁĢ³ĪFŠ€ŠäŃCŅ…Ó ŌdŌtŌW×`×vŲŁ-ŚąŚŲŪ8Ż?ŽóŽŸßSąĀągįčį`āłā3ćMåę[č©é„źČėģŹīŒšVōÕō`öcülüż“ż0’~’ą’ilNļR÷«TŽ’ Ä X čBĪ Ve½Š£4#ā#B%•)+Ē,Ń.k0 1ß3/8%9 = ?Ę@ØAqIVLøL%M:MĪNŽOGPV¼ViWÖWūX˜[\S\ō]k^B_’_m`cÓd‹fi*j2kĪl„n¾o×oüs vC{ß~ą~^Fƒd„w„”†m‰׍ĐĶ”‘–L˜µ™'œd”I¢ē¢3¤ø¤„,Ø Ŗ_ŖG«W¬°­7®1°&±ó³W“Ę“µ‰µ‘µ©ŗ¼Ž½ß½Y¾a¾ŌÄ=Ę9Ē ČÉ’ÉŗŹČĖ0Ģ Ķ(ĪxĻ6ŠŃŠŅbÓ#Ō7ÕIÖIדŲTŁ²Ł†ŪßąHą}ćÓć±ęŃéŅéÓéžé źōźėķėKģ}ķ³ķöķīEīīŃīŗļš0šSš½óŸõ°õ÷÷Ąų•ūyüūżĮžD’¼’c0øÜk š  8ēXł.RW{ Ś"%ļ&Ä'.((‡)?*V+G,u-Š-W.k.Ķ1&477Ž;n@0A|B1C%DFMG@H•H2I]IJLNMtNFPuQöRS=UĆUBZ.e1iŒiFkžmŪpńpµr„s—u®vw”yaz#|˜~ī€ü€ö‚-„ē‡׈ćˆŠ‹ŗŒT6Ž’‘h“9– ˜ż˜3šD›9œ7ĝ%Ÿ¤®¤ö„¦Ø¬²°Õ±š²„“µŌ·Ž·c¹ ¼:½^ĄĮ~ĀŠÅŃĒĶɍŹ•ŹaĶXĪwŠŅŖŅŌ‰Õ(ŲvŁ‰ŚxŪ©ŪŅÜNßįć*ćUäłä<åŖå!ę¹ēWč£čėœģīņ‡ō‘ō¼÷ł*üCüā’ē’Æł£ūYŪ4CXŗŪ‰ D Į a ī O ū x ¶/ض–wś|gčėü+!$%'”'(*Q0V0©1Å1*4¦4/8Å89B;F;~CūCoHŁIK×KąKźL_NP1ST–TķVX#Xg[w[F^B`µ`_a/bĄc‹dbeōeYf'g g|h i“i jŌj@kPk4qr@sMs…x{{Ļ{Ż| }'}Ūn†²†<‰GŽ֑ö“ü“j”©—*™SšY›_œ³žĻŸ»”壄K§¾Ø„©cŖ&«t«ė¬]­Ļ±ö²˜³“µaµ¶‰¶”¶¹¹Ķŗō»¼¼Ęæ¢Ą±Ą ĀĆ÷ĆćÅ£ĒŹ„Ģ{Ķ*ĪüŃŁ.Ł׌GÜ“ąćoä ę†čÉéQė+ģĘķ"ļ1ļ5ńūō õ®ö¾ö-ų?ųfśūśūoūĪū7żżĢž@A«wW@ÅŠĪN D tRé†)fÆb"_&¦'÷*,Ų,o-į-×.F/„/0m0Q2 3 5¤5­5&6”7 8‰;’;¾>)F˜H¬HĮJ²KŹM\NÜNøP£SœV2W.YtZ¼[2_#b‹bÖbhcödi j;lÓlžlēmnUp»p%sWtgtvÆ~€#€(‚Ž„!…†³‹æ‹”Z‘ŗ”Š•8–o–æ– —M˜3™£™¾›ę›  }£‹¤ׄ§ĮØDŖꭐ®šÆ±‘±²L³ø³ļ“µ&ŗ”ŗ½¾ĀĄžĀŗĀHĆYƤƹĆ9ÄÄŅÄÅBÅ~ÅŌÅ7ĘĒĻFÕ4ŪœŪųŪ¼ŽFß_ąŪą6āoćŹć”äEę ē…ē¾čĖź¬ķ¾ļńžöcų{ł'üü’u±žóL f ōrż-ć6W3!ü"#ę#Ž&e(c*1,:- /R23366Č6d8Å8ū9;;,<ź<+=t=Ē=X>Ž@Ę@>AøA*B¶B†CŗDžF,GZG„GśG*HiHI2IæL„P­P4S4WgZ”Z]ļ^p_³_5`ó`¢b­bhßv1ˆĄˆ+‹/ŽCģ‘\‘`’y“”@—G™eŸ¾”¹©¢Ŗ\«­]­§®oƱc²Ģ¬Ž­Ž®ŽĀŽĆŽĪŽŁŽŚŽŽŽ0€€˜0€˜0€˜0€˜0€X0€˜0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#š0€#˜0€#˜0€#˜0€#˜0€#˜0€#0€˜0€j ˜0€j ˜0€j ˜0€j ˜0€j ˜0€j ˜0€j ˜0€j 0€˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć0€˜0€Č-˜0€Č-˜0€Č-˜0€Č-˜0€Č-˜0€Č-˜0€Č-˜0€Č-˜0€Č-0€˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?˜0€—?0€˜0€čs˜0€čs˜0€čs˜0€čs˜0€čs˜0€čs0€˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@˜0€@(0€@˜0€¹Ā(0€@˜0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Ř0€Å(0€@˜0€dŌ0€˜0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€Wט0€W×0€˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü˜0€cü0€˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M˜0€%M0€˜0€¾o˜0€¾o˜0€¾o˜0€¾o˜0€¾o0€(0€ą~˜0€˜0€˜0€˜0€(0€ą~˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„˜0€d„(0€ą~˜0€‰µ˜0€‰µ˜0€‰µ˜0€‰µ˜0€‰µ0€˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾˜0€Y¾(0€Y¾˜0€ą˜0€ą˜0€ą˜0€ą˜0€ą(0€Y¾(0€Y¾˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé˜0€Óé(0€Y¾˜0€š˜0€š˜0€š(0€Y¾˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ˜0€Ÿõ(0€Y¾˜0€ł0€˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R˜0€R0€˜0€W.˜0€W.˜0€W.0€˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€7˜0€70€˜0€öR˜0€öR˜0€öR˜0€öR˜0€öR˜0€öR˜0€öR˜0€öR˜0€öR0€˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp˜0€Ūp0€˜0€ī€˜0€ī€˜0€ī€˜0€ī€0€˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ˜0€×ˆ0€˜0€ö„˜0€ö„˜0€ö„˜0€ö„˜0€ö„˜0€ö„˜0€ö„˜0€ö„0€˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·˜0€Ō·0€˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź˜0€Ź0€˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć˜0€ć0€˜0€‡ō˜0€‡ō˜0€‡ō0€˜0€*ü(0€*ü˜0€ā’˜0€ā’˜0€ā’˜0€ā’˜0€ā’˜0€ā’˜0€ā’(0€*ü˜0€4˜0€40€˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ˜0€ŗ0€˜0€ė˜0€ė˜0€ė˜0€ė˜0€ė˜0€ė˜0€ė˜0€ė0€˜0€Q0(0€Q0˜0€©1˜0€©1˜0€©1˜0€©1˜0€©1˜0€©10€˜0€B;˜0€B;˜0€B;˜0€B;˜0€B;˜0€B;0€˜0€×K˜0€×K˜0€×K˜0€×K˜0€×K˜0€×K˜0€×K˜0€×K0€˜0€X0€˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[˜0€g[0€˜0€@k˜0€@k˜0€@k0€˜0€@s˜0€@s0€˜0€{˜0€{˜0€{0€˜0€ }˜0€ }˜0€ }0€˜0€†˜0€†˜0€†˜0€†0€˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“˜0€ö“0€˜0€‰¶˜0€‰¶˜0€‰¶˜0€‰¶˜0€‰¶˜0€‰¶0€˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą˜0€¢Ą0€˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł˜0€Ł0€˜0€"ļ˜0€"ļ0€˜0€ūō0€˜0€®ö0€˜0€-ų˜0€-ų0€˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś˜0€ūś0€˜0€˜0€˜0€˜0€˜0€˜0€˜0€˜0€0€˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é˜0€é0€˜0€¤5˜0€¤5˜0€¤5˜0€¤50€˜0€‰;˜0€‰;˜0€‰;0€˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H˜0€˜H0€˜0€ēm˜0€ēm˜0€ēm˜0€ēm0€˜0€Wt˜0€Wt˜0€Wt0€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€0€˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹˜0€³‹0€˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›˜0€¾›0€˜0€ļ“˜0€ļ“˜0€ļ“˜0€ļ“˜0€ļ“˜0€ļ“0€˜0€žĀ˜0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0€žĀ˜ 0 €žĀš0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€0€€š0€€š0€€0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€*0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š@0€€š@0€€˜@0€€ 0 *†˜ ¤ ņąŽģšr.arŚģéģŖ…ˆ?šīŗGZīxĮ"n ®K ¬Į ŗĮ įäåęčéźėģīļšņōłü  "ų Lš& ƒ¢l_ «Żœ#tž@š¾XžŚŪøLlŒŚr0 ®ŌĀŠgjŶžg®¹€°]F«P a „Ž Ęō b J“ Ų% ˜Į ŗĮ āēķńóõö÷ųśūżž’    !øĮ ć/>Kfhv‘“”¼¾ł1LNi„‡’­°»ÖŁš )DGoŠ—²µ¼×Śš "=@Lgj‚ °ĖĪÜ÷ś#&2MPZux†”¤°ĖĪé*EH[vy€›ž¤æĀĶčėõ%@CUps‚ ØĆĘĻźķ"*EHUps„Ÿ¢³ĪŃāż/2D_bv‘”£¾ĮĻźķ ! $ / J M X s v Œ § Ŗ Å ą ć õ   ' B E S n q › ¶ ¹ Ż ų ū  4 7 Z u x  « ® » Ö Ł ń  : U X e € ƒ © Ä Ē É ŻŽ 4’%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą%ō’•Ą•Œ !•!’•€’’… _Toc24896903 _Toc24896904 _Toc94975407 _Toc24896905 _Toc94975408 _Toc24896906 _Toc94975409 _Toc24896907 _Toc94975410 _Toc24896908 _Toc94975411 _Toc24896909 _Toc94975412 _Toc24896910 _Toc24896911 _Toc94975413 _Toc24896912 _Toc94975414 _Toc24896913 _Toc94975415 _Toc24896914 _Toc94975416 _Toc24896915 _Toc94975417 _Toc24896916 _Toc94975418 _Toc24896917 _Toc94975419 _Toc24896918 _Toc94975420 _Toc24896919 _Toc94975421 _Toc24896920 _Toc94975422 _Toc24896921 _Toc94975423 _Toc24896922 _Toc94975424 _Toc24896923 _Toc94975425 _Toc24896924 _Toc94975426 _Toc24896925 _Toc94975427 _Toc24896926 _Toc94975428 _Toc24896927 _Toc94975429 _Toc24896928 _Toc94975430 _Toc24896929 _Toc94975431 _Toc24896930 _Toc94975432 _Toc24896931 _Toc94975433 _Toc24896932 _Toc94975434 _Toc24896933 _Toc94975435 _Toc24896934 _Toc94975436 _Toc24896935 _Toc94975437 _Toc24896936 _Toc94975438 _Toc24896937 _Toc94975439 _Toc24896938 _Toc94975440 _Toc24896939 _Toc94975441 _Toc24896940 _Toc94975442 _Toc24896941 _Toc94975443 _Toc24896942 _Toc94975444 _Toc24896943 _Toc94975445 _Toc24896944 _Toc94975446 _Toc24896945 _Toc94975447 _Toc24896946 _Toc94975448 _Toc24896947 _Toc94975449 _Toc24896948 _Toc94975450 _Toc24896949 _Toc94975451 _Toc24896950 _Toc94975452 _Toc24896951 _Toc94975453 _Toc24896952 _Toc94975454 _Toc24896953 _Toc94975455 _Toc24896954 _Toc94975456 _Toc24896955 _Toc94975457 _Toc24896956 _Toc94975458 _Toc24896957 _Toc94975459 _Toc24896958 _Toc94975460 _Toc24896959 _Toc94975461 _Toc24896960 _Toc94975462 _Toc24896961 _Toc94975463 _Toc24896962 _Toc94975464 _Toc24896963 _Toc94975465 _Toc24896964 _Toc94975466 _Toc24896965 _Toc94975467 _Toc24896966 _Toc94975468 _Toc24896967 _Toc94975469 _Toc24896968 _Toc94975470 _Toc24896969 _Toc94975471 _Toc24896970j j ććČ-Č-—?—?čsčs@@¹ĀW×W×cücü%M%M¾o¾oą~ą~Y¾Y¾RRW.W.77öRöRŪpŪpī€ī€׈׈ö„ö„Ō·Ō·ŹŹćć‡ō‡ō*ü*üŗŗėėQ0Q0B;B;×K×KXXg[g[@k@k@s@s{{ } }††ö“ö“‰¶‰¶¢Ą¢ĄŁŁ"ļ"ļūōūō®ö®ö-ų-ųūśūśéé¤5¤5‰;‰;˜H˜HēmēmWtWt€€³‹³‹¾›¾›ļ“ļ“žĀžĀ66ü"ü"66II„P„P¢b¢bģģ¬ŽŽŽ  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~€‚ƒ„ u u īīÓ-Ó-Ļ?Ļ?ttXXįĀ_×_×kükü9M9MÖoÖo`¾`¾VVj.j.77’R’Ršpšpū€ū€āˆāˆ¦¦Ż·Ż·”Ź”Ź)ć)ćōōBüBüŚŚūūU0U0E;E;ßKßK"X"Xv[v[OkOkLsLs{{&}&}±†±†ū“ū““¶“¶°Ą°Ą-Ł-Ł0ļ0ļ õ õ½ö½ö>ų>ųūū’’¬5¬5‘;‘;«H«H’m’mftft"€"€¾‹¾‹å›å›µµ¹Ā¹ĀVV## 6 61I1I¬P¬P¬b¬b‘‘ĮŽŽŽ/ N X w Œ « Å ä õ  ' F S r › ŗ Ż ü  8 Z y  Æ » Ś ń  : Y e „ © Č ĀŽĆŽĪŽŲŽŪŽŽŽ"#KĆŽŪŽŽŽ’’LudmilaUE:\81;8>B5:0\=838 2 D>@<0B5 DOC\5 ?@>25@5==K5\>1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.docLudmilaUE:\81;8>B5:0\=838 2 D>@<0B5 DOC\5 ?@>25@5==K5\>1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.docLudmilaUE:\81;8>B5:0\=838 2 D>@<0B5 DOC\5 ?@>25@5==K5\>1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.docLudmilaUE:\81;8>B5:0\=838 2 D>@<0B5 DOC\5 ?@>25@5==K5\>1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.docLudmilapC:\Documents and Settings\Ludmila\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O >1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.asdLudmilaUE:\81;8>B5:0\=838 2 D>@<0B5 DOC\5 ?@>25@5==K5\>1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.docLudmilaUE:\81;8>B5:0\=838 2 D>@<0B5 DOC\5 ?@>25@5==K5\>1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.docLudmilapC:\Documents and Settings\Ludmila\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O >1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.asdLudmilapC:\Documents and Settings\Ludmila\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O >1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.asdGUE:\81;8>B5:0\=838 2 D>@<0B5 DOC\5 ?@>25@5==K5\>1@>B>;N185 871@0==>5 4;O <8@O=.docŠ `;ŚE’’’’’’’’’a&Z§P’’’’’’’’’­KH `’’’’’’’’’-`>¢ ģi’’’’’’’’’ŒƒLˆĪĀū’’’’’’’’’h „ü„˜žĘü^„ü`„˜ž‡hˆH.h „Ģ„˜žĘĢ^„Ģ`„˜ž‡hˆH.’h „œ „L’Ęœ ^„œ `„L’‡hˆH.h „l „˜žĘl ^„l `„˜ž‡hˆH.h „<„˜žĘ<^„<`„˜ž‡hˆH.’h „ „L’Ę ^„ `„L’‡hˆH.h „Ü„˜žĘÜ^„Ü`„˜ž‡hˆH.h „¬„˜žĘ¬^„¬`„˜ž‡hˆH.’h „|„L’Ę|^„|`„L’‡hˆH.„±„üʱ^„±`„üOJPJQJ^Jo( € „ü„˜žĘü^„ü`„˜žOJQJo(o€ „Ģ „˜žĘĢ ^„Ģ `„˜žOJQJo(§š€ „œ „˜žĘœ ^„œ `„˜žOJQJo(·š€ „l„˜žĘl^„l`„˜žOJQJo(o€ „<„˜žĘ<^„<`„˜žOJQJo(§š€ „ „˜žĘ ^„ `„˜žOJQJo(·š€ „Ü„˜žĘÜ^„Ü`„˜žOJQJo(o€ „¬„˜žĘ¬^„¬`„˜žOJQJo(§š„9„óżĘ9^„9`„óżo()€ „d„˜žĘd^„d`„˜ž‡hˆH.‚ „4„L’Ę4^„4`„L’‡hˆH.€ „ „˜žĘ ^„ `„˜ž‡hˆH.€ „Ō „˜žĘŌ ^„Ō `„˜ž‡hˆH.‚ „¤„L’ʤ^„¤`„L’‡hˆH.€ „t„˜žĘt^„t`„˜ž‡hˆH.€ „D„˜žĘD^„D`„˜ž‡hˆH.‚ „„L’Ę^„`„L’‡hˆH.„”„˜žĘ”^„”`„˜žOJPJQJ^Jo( € „d„˜žĘd^„d`„˜žOJQJo(o€ „4„˜žĘ4^„4`„˜žOJQJo(§š€ „ „˜žĘ ^„ `„˜žOJQJo(·š€ „Ō „˜žĘŌ ^„Ō `„˜žOJQJo(o€ „¤„˜žĘ¤^„¤`„˜žOJQJo(§š€ „t„˜žĘt^„t`„˜žOJQJo(·š€ „D„˜žĘD^„D`„˜žOJQJo(o€ „„˜žĘ^„`„˜žOJQJo(§š„Ą„lżĘĄ^„Ą`„lżOJPJQJ^Jo( € „d„˜žĘd^„d`„˜žOJQJo(o€ „4„˜žĘ4^„4`„˜žOJQJo(§š€ „ „˜žĘ ^„ `„˜žOJQJo(·š€ „Ō „˜žĘŌ ^„Ō `„˜žOJQJo(o€ „¤„˜žĘ¤^„¤`„˜žOJQJo(§š€ „t„˜žĘt^„t`„˜žOJQJo(·š€ „D„˜žĘD^„D`„˜žOJQJo(o€ „„˜žĘ^„`„˜žOJQJo(§ša&ŒƒL-`>Š ­KH’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’ĀŽĆŽŪŽŽŽ’@€""@źš"! 3tÅ=F¤¬įė§½ŻŽ°°°° °°°°°°@°j°ģ°Ž°(°~°°L°\°Ę°Ś°°R °~ ’’Unknown’’’’’’’’’’’’GĢ‡z €’Times New Roman5€Symbol3&Ģ ‡z €’ArialEĢ €JIrmologion Ucs;†SimSun‹[SO3Triod?5Ģ ‡z €’Courier New;€Wingdings"1ˆšÄćhÕō‘·ż‘&·ż‘&&2ßˆĶׄŒå‚īņ Yšnn`“‚€0dŪŌg@šß’’  ".LudmilaLudmilaž’ą…ŸņłOh«‘+'³Ł0ˆ˜ øÄŌąģ  8 D P \hpx€ć ÄĪĮŠĪŅĪĖŽĮČÅoĪĮŠLudmilaudmudm Normal.dotÅLudmila38mMicrosoft Word 9.0@¬#ü@ĀæĪÅ@~hÆēÅ@ĀæĪō߈Ķž’ÕĶ՜.“—+,ł®0ü hp€ˆ˜  Ø°ø Ą ŁćHome„×Ū  ÄĪĮŠĪŅĪĖŽĮČÅ  Ķąēāąķčå  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ”¢£¤„¦§Ø©Ŗ«¬­®Æ°±²³“µ¶·ø¹ŗ»¼½¾æĄĮĀĆÄÅĘĒČÉŹĖĢĶĪĻŠŃŅÓŌÕÖ×ŲŁŚŪÜŻŽßąįāćäåęēčéźėģķīļšńņóōõö÷ųłśūüżž’      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ”¢£¤„¦§Ø©Ŗ«¬­®Æ°±²³“µ¶·ø¹ŗ»¼½¾æĄĮĀĆÄÅĘĒČÉŹĖĢĶĪĻŠŃŅÓŌÕÖ×ŲŁŚŪÜŻŽßąįāćäåęēčéźėģķīļšńņóōõö÷ųłśūüżž’      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ”¢£¤„¦§Ø©Ŗ«¬­®Æ°±²³“µ¶·ø¹ŗ»¼½¾æĄĮĀĆÄÅĘĒČÉŹĖĢĶĪĻŠŃŅÓŌÕÖ×ŲŁŚŪÜŻŽßąįāćäåęēčéźėģķīļšńņóōõö÷ųłśūüżž’      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ”¢£¤„¦§Ø©Ŗ«¬­®Æ°±²³“µ¶·ø¹ŗ»¼½¾æĄĮĀĆÄÅĘĒČÉŹĖĢĶĪĻŠŃŅÓŌÕÖ×ŲŁŚŪÜŻŽßąįāćäåęēčéźėģķīļšńņóōõö÷ųłśūüżž’      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ”¢£¤„¦§Ø©Ŗ«¬­®Æ°±²³“µ¶·ø¹ŗ»¼½¾æĄĮĀĆÄÅĘĒČÉŹĖĢĶĪĻŠŃŅÓŌÕÖ×ŲŁŚŪÜŻŽßąįāćäåęēčéźėģķīļšńņóōõö÷ųłśūüżž’      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~€‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“”•–—˜™š›œžŸ ”¢£¤„¦§Ø©Ŗ«¬­®Æ°±²³“µ¶·ø¹ŗ»¼½¾æĄĮĀĆÄÅĘĒČÉŹĖĢĶĪĻŠŃŅÓŌÕÖ×ŲŁŚŪÜŻŽßąįāćäåęēčéźėģķīļšńņóōõö÷ųłśūüżž’      !"#ž’’’%&'()*+,-./0123ž’’’56789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ž’’’‚ƒ„…†‡ž’’’‰Š‹ŒŽž’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’ż’’’Ÿž’’’ž’’’ž’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’Root Entry’’’’’’’’ ĄF 8ĖĪÅ”€Data ’’’’’’’’’’’’$;1Table’’’’’’’’4‡–WordDocument’’’’5F SummaryInformation(’’’’’’’’’’’’€DocumentSummaryInformation8’’’’’’’’ˆCompObj’’’’jObjectPool’’’’’’’’’’’’ 8ĖĪÅ 8ĖĪÅž’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’ž’ ’’’’ ĄFÄīźóģåķņ Microsoft Word MSWordDocWord.Document.8ō9²q